References
- 1Alembic Research, Energy Action Scotland, & Waterfield, P. (2019). A review of domestic and non-domestic Energy Performance Certificates in Scotland: Research report for the Scottish Government, Heat, Energy Efficiency and Consumers Unit—Final Report (p. 191). Scottish Government.
https://www.gov.scot/publications/review-domestic-non-domestic-energy-performance-certificates-scotland/pages/18/ - 2Almeida, M., Ferreira, M., & Barbosa, R. (2018). Relevance of embodied energy and carbon emissions on assessing cost effectiveness in building renovation—Contribution from the analysis of case studies in six European countries. Buildings, 8(8), 103. DOI: 10.3390/buildings8080103
- 3Altomonte, S., Allen, J., Bluyssen, P. M., Brager, G., Heschong, L., Loder, A., Schiavon, S., Veitch, J. A., Wang, L., & Wargocki, P. (2020). Ten questions concerning well-being in the built environment. Building and Environment, 180,
106949 . DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.106949 - 4Asdrubali, F., Ballarini, I., Corrado, V., Evangelisti, L., Grazieschi, G., & Guattari, C. (2019). Energy and environmental payback times for an NZEB retrofit. Building and Environment, 147, 461–472. DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.10.047
- 5ASHRAE. (2019). ASHRAE terminology. ASHRAE searchable terminology tool. American Association of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE).
https://www.ashrae.org/technical-resources/authoring-tools/terminology - 6Aste, N., Torre, S. D., Adhikari, R. S., Buzzetti, M., Del Pero, C., Leonforte, F., & Manfren, M. (2016). Sustainable church heating: The Basilica di Collemaggio case-study. Energy and Buildings, 116, 218–231. DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.01.008
- 7Aydin, E., Kok, N., & Brounen, D. (2017). Energy efficiency and household behavior: The rebound effect in the residential sector. RAND Journal of Economics, 48(3), 749–782. DOI: 10.1111/1756-2171.12190
- 8Bartiaux, F., Gram-Hanssen, K., Fonseca, P., Ozoliņa, L., & Christensen, T. H. (2014). A practice–theory approach to homeowners’ energy retrofits in four European areas. Building Research & Information, 42(4), 525–538. DOI: 10.1080/09613218.2014.900253
- 9BEIS. (2019, November 18). Greenhouse gas reporting: Conversion factors 2019. Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS).
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/greenhouse-gas-reporting-conversion-factors-2019 - 10BEIS. (2020a, May 4). Domestic private rented property: Minimum energy efficiency standard—Landlord guidance. Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS).
https://www.gov.uk/guidance/domestic-private-rented-property-minimum-energy-efficiency-standard-landlord-guidance - 11BEIS. (2020b, November 18). Green Homes Grant: Make energy improvements to your home. Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS).
https://www.gov.uk/guidance/apply-for-the-green-homes-grant-scheme - 12Ben, H., & Steemers, K. (2014). Energy retrofit and occupant behaviour in protected housing: A case study of the Brunswick Centre in London. Energy and Buildings, 80, 120–130. DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.05.019
- 13Berg, F., Flyen, A.-C., Godbolt, Å. L., & Broström, T. (2017). User-driven energy efficiency in historic buildings: A review. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 28, 188–195. DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2017.05.009
- 14Berg, F., & Fuglseth, M. (2018). Life cycle assessment and historic buildings: Energy-efficiency refurbishment versus new construction in Norway. Journal of Architectural Conservation, 24(2), 152–167. DOI: 10.1080/13556207.2018.1493664
- 15Bordass, B. (2020). Metrics for energy performance in operation: The fallacy of single indicators. Buildings and Cities, 1(1), 260–276. DOI: 10.5334/bc.35
- 16BRE. (2020). iSBEM (5.6.b) [Computer software]. Ministry for Housing, Communities and Local Government.
https://www.uk-ncm.org.uk/index.jsp - 17BRE & Department for Energy and Climate Change (DECC). (2014). The government’s Standard Assessment Procedure for energy rating of dwellings: 2012 edition. Building Research Establishment (BRE).
https://www.bre.co.uk/filelibrary/SAP/2012/SAP-2012_9-92.pdf - 18Bristol City Council. (2015). A Bristolian’s guide to solid wall insulation: A guide to the responsible retrofit of traditional homes in Bristol (pp. 1–90). Bristol City Council.
http://files.site-fusion.co.uk/webfusion58199/file/2015_bristolsolidwallinsulationguidance.pdf - 19Cadw. (2011). Criteria for assessing historic buildings for the purposes of grant assistance (pp. 1–3). Welsh Government.
https://cadw.gov.wales/docs/cadw/publications/Criteria_assessing_grant_assistance_ENG.pdf - 20Cadw. (2018). Understanding listing in Wales (Advice and Support, p. 32). Cadw.
https://cadw.gov.wales/advice-support/historic-assets/listed-buildings/understanding-listing#section-introduction - 21Carlucci, S., Bai, L., de Dear, R., & Yang, L. (2018). Review of adaptive thermal comfort models in built environmental regulatory documents. Building and Environment, 137, 73–89. DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.03.053
- 22CCC. (2020). The Sixth Carbon Budget: The UK’s path to Net Zero (p. 448). UK Committee on Climate Change (CCC).
https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/sixth-carbon-budget/ - 23Chitnis, M., Sorrell, S., Druckman, A., Firth, S. K., & Jackson, T. (2014). Who rebounds most? Estimating direct and indirect rebound effects for different UK socioeconomic groups. Ecological Economics, 106, 12–32. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2014.07.003
- 24CLEP. (2019). Cumbria’s local industrial strategy (p. 97). Cumbria Local Enterprise Partnership (CLEP).
https://www.thecumbrialep.co.uk/governance-and-accountability/strategy-plans/ - 25Curtis, R. (2010). Climate change and traditional buildings: The approach taken by Historic Scotland. Journal of Architectural Conservation, 16(3), 7–27. DOI: 10.1080/13556207.2010.10785073
- 26DCLG. (2017). A guide to energy performance: Certificates for the marketing, sale and let of dwellings: Improving the energy efficiency of our buildings. Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG).
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/671018/A_guide_to_energy_performance_certificates_for_the_marketing__sale_and_let_of_dwellings.pdf - 27Economidou, M., Todeschi, V., Bertoldi, P., D’Agostino, D., Zangheri, P., & Castellazzi, L. (2020). Review of 50 years of EU energy efficiency policies for buildings. Energy and Buildings, 225,
110322 . DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.110322 - 28Eriksson, P. (2018). Character defining elements: Relations between heritage regulations, user perspectives and energy saving objectives. Energy Efficiency in Historic Buildings 2018, 549–556.
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-379648 - 29European Union. (2018). Directive (EU) 2018/844 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018 amending Directive 2010/31/EU on the energy performance of buildings and Directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency. Official Journal of the European Union, L156(75).
http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2018/844/oj - 30Fawcett, T., & Topouzi, M. (2020). Residential retrofit in the climate emergency: The role of metrics. Buildings and Cities, 1(1), 475–490. DOI: 10.5334/bc.37
- 31Fisk, W. J., Singer, B. C., & Chan, W. R. (2020). Association of residential energy efficiency retrofits with indoor environmental quality, comfort, and health: A review of empirical data. Building and Environment, 180,
107067 . DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107067 - 32Flyvbjerg, B. (2006). Five misunderstandings about case-study research. Qualitative Inquiry, 12(2), 219–245. DOI: 10.1177/1077800405284363
- 33Fouseki, K., & Cassar, M. (2014). Energy efficiency in heritage buildings—future challenges and research needs. The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice, 5(2), 95–100. DOI: 10.1179/1756750514Z.00000000058
- 34GABC, IEA, & UNEP. (2019). 2019 Global Status Report for Buildings and Construction: Towards a zero-emission, efficient and resilient buildings and construction sector (p. 41). Global Alliance for Buildings and Construction (GABC), International Energy Agency (IEA), & United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
https://www.unep.org/resources/publication/2019-global-status-report-buildings-and-construction-sector - 35Galvin, R. (2010). Thermal upgrades of existing homes in Germany: The building code, subsidies, and economic efficiency. Energy and Buildings, 42(6), 834–844. DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2009.12.004
- 36Galvin, R. (2014). Estimating broad-brush rebound effects for household energy consumption in the EU 28 countries and Norway: Some policy implications of Odyssee data. Energy Policy, 73, 323–332. DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2014.02.033
- 37Galvin, R. (2015). The rebound effect in home heating: A guide for policymakers and practitioners. Routledge. DOI: 10.4324/9781315696942
- 38Galvin, R., & Sunikka-Blank, M. (2016). Quantification of (p)rebound effects in retrofit policies—Why does it matter? Energy, 95, 415–424. DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2015.12.034
- 39Giraudet, L.-G., Bourgeois, C., & Quirion, P. (2021). Policies for low-carbon and affordable home heating: A French outlook. Energy Policy, 151,
112140 . DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112140 - 40Glew, D., Smith, M. B., Miles-Shenton, D., & Gorse, C. (2017). Assessing the quality of retrofits in solid wall dwellings. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 35(5), 501–518. DOI: 10.1108/IJBPA-05-2017-0022
- 41Gram-Hanssen, K. (2014). Retrofitting owner-occupied housing: Remember the people. Building Research & Information, 42(4), 393–397. DOI: 10.1080/09613218.2014.911572
- 42Gram-Hanssen, K., Georg, S., Christiansen, E., & Heiselberg, P. (2018). What next for energy-related building regulations?: The occupancy phase. Building Research & Information, 46(7), 790–803. DOI: 10.1080/09613218.2018.1426810
- 43Haines, V., & Mitchell, V. (2014). A persona-based approach to domestic energy retrofit. Building Research & Information, 42(4), 462–476. DOI: 10.1080/09613218.2014.893161
- 44Hampton, S. (2017). An ethnography of energy demand and working from home: Exploring the affective dimensions of social practice in the United Kingdom. Energy Research & Social Science, 28, 1–10. DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2017.03.012
- 45Hansen, A. R., Gram-Hanssen, K., & Knudsen, H. N. (2018). How building design and technologies influence heat-related habits. Building Research & Information, 46(1), 83–98. DOI: 10.1080/09613218.2017.1335477
- 46Harrestrup, M., & Svendsen, S. (2015). Full-scale test of an old heritage multi-storey building undergoing energy retrofitting with focus on internal insulation and moisture. Building and Environment, 85, 123–133. DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.12.005
- 47Henry, M. C. (2007). The heritage building envelope as a passive and active climate moderator: Opportunities and issues in reducing dependency on air-conditioning. In Contribution to the experts’ roundtable on sustainable climate management strategies,
April 2007 , Tenerife, Spain.The Getty Conservation Institute .http://www.getty.edu/conservation/our_projects/science/climate/paper_henry.pdf - 48Herrera-Avellanosa, D., Haas, F., Leijonhufvud, G., Brostrom, T., Buda, A., Pracchi, V., Webb, A. L., Hüttler, W., & Troi, A. (2019). Deep renovation of historic buildings: The IEA-SHC Task 59 path towards the lowest possible energy demand and CO2 emissions. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 38(4), 539–553. DOI: 10.1108/IJBPA-12-2018-0102
- 49Historic England. (2019). Listed Buildings|Historic England. Historic England.
https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/what-is-designation/listed-buildings/ - 50Historic Environment Scotland. (2019). Scotland’s listed buildings (p. 13). Historic Environment Scotland.
https://www.historicenvironment.scot/archives-and-research/publications/publication/?publicationId=34c90cb9-5ff3-45c3-8bc3-a58400fcbc44 - 51HM Government. (2018). Building Regulations: Conservation of fuel and power in existing dwellings. HM Government.
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/697629/L1B_secure-1.pdf - 52Humphreys, M., Nicol, F., & Roaf, S. (2011). Keeping warm in a cooler house (Technical Papers No. 14, p. 28). Historic Scotland.
https://www.historicenvironment.scot/archives-and-research/publications/publication/?publicationId=f2f2ebfd-ff37-4417-be92-a59400bb2665 - 53Ingram, V., & Jenkins, D. (2013). Evaluating energy modelling for traditionally constructed dwellings (Technical Paper No. 18, p. 50). Historic Scotland.
https://www.historicenvironment.scot/archives-and-research/publications/publication/?publicationId=1d90d4c3-f8ca-4468-8049-a59400b32e50 - 54Iyer-Raniga, U., & Wong, J. P. C. (2012). Evaluation of whole life cycle assessment for heritage buildings in Australia. Building and Environment, 47, 138–149. DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.08.001
- 55Jain, N., Burman, E., Stamp, S., Mumovic, D., & Davies, M. (2020). Cross-sectoral assessment of the performance gap using calibrated building energy performance simulation. Energy and Buildings, 224,
110271 . DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.110271 - 56Kane, T., Firth, S., & Lomas, K. (2015). How are UK homes heated? A city-wide, socio-technical survey and implications for energy modelling. Energy and Buildings, 86, 817–832. DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.10.011
- 57Khan, S. (2018). Thermal comfort and joy. The Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings Magazine,
Winter 2018, 74–75.https://www.rmears.co.uk/2019/01/15/sarah-khans-article-thermal-comfort-and-joy-is-published-in-spab-magazine-winter-edition/ - 58Kohler, N., & Hassler, U. (2012). Alternative scenarios for energy conservation in the building stock. Building Research & Information, 40(4), 401–416. DOI: 10.1080/09613218.2012.675714
- 59LDNPA. (2020). English Lake District World Heritage Site. Statement of outstanding universal value. Lake District National Park Authority (LDNPA).
http://lakesworldheritage.co.uk/world-heritage/souv/ - 60Li, F. G. N., Smith, A. Z. P., Biddulph, P., Hamilton, I. G., Lowe, R., Mavrogianni, A., Oikonomou, E., Raslan, R., Stamp, S., Stone, A., Summerfield, A. J., Veitch, D., Gori, V., & Oreszczyn, T. (2015). Solid-wall U-values: Heat flux measurements compared with standard assumptions. Building Research & Information, 43(2), 238–252. DOI: 10.1080/09613218.2014.967977
- 61Li, Q., Sun, X., Chen, C., & Yang, X. (2012). Characterizing the household energy consumption in heritage Nanjing Tulou buildings, China: A comparative field survey study. Energy and Buildings, 49, 317–326. DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.02.023
- 62Lidelöw, S., Örn, T., Luciani, A., & Rizzo, A. (2019). Energy-efficiency measures for heritage buildings: A literature review. Sustainable Cities and Society, 45, 231–242. DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2018.09.029
- 63Madsen, L. V. (2018). Materialities shape practices and notions of comfort in everyday life. Building Research & Information, 46(1), 71–82. DOI: 10.1080/09613218.2017.1326230
- 64Majcen, D., Itard, L. C. M., & Visscher, H. (2013). Theoretical vs. actual energy consumption of labelled dwellings in the Netherlands: Discrepancies and policy implications. Energy Policy, 54, 125–136. DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2012.11.008
- 65Mallaband, B., Haines, V., & Mitchell, V. (2013).
Barriers to domestic retrofit: Learning from past home improvement experiences . In W. Swan & P. Brown (Eds.), Retrofitting the built environment (pp. 184–199). Wiley. DOI: 10.1002/9781118273463.ch14 - 66May, N., & Rye, C. (2012). Responsible retrofit of traditional buildings: A report on existing research and guidance with recommendations (p. 133). Sustainable Traditional Buildings Alliance.
http://www.sdfoundation.org.uk/downloads/RESPONSIBLE-RETROFIT_FINAL_20_SEPT_2012.pdf - 67Mazzarella, L. (2015). Energy retrofit of historic and existing buildings. The legislative and regulatory point of view. Energy and Buildings, 95, 23–31. DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.10.073
- 68McCaig, I., Pickles, D., & Pender, R. (2018). Energy efficiency in historic buildings: How to improve energy efficiency (pp. 1–50). Historic England.
https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/eehb-how-to-improve-energy-efficiency/ - 69Mısırlısoy, D., & Günçe, K. (2016). Adaptive reuse strategies for heritage buildings: A holistic approach. Sustainable Cities and Society, 26, 91–98. DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2016.05.017
- 70Morgan, C. (2019). Sustainable renovation: Improving homes for energy, health and environment (2nd ed., Vol. 1). The Pebble Trust.
- 71Nicol, J. F., & Humphreys, M. A. (1973). Thermal comfort as part of a self-regulating system. Building Research and Practice, 6, 191–197. DOI: 10.1080/09613217308550237
- 72Nicol, S., Roys, M., Ormandy, D., & Ezratty, V. (2015). The cost of poor housing in the European Union (p. 76). Building Research Establishment (BRE).
https://www.bre.co.uk/filelibrary/Briefing%20papers/92993_BRE_Poor-Housing_in_-Europe.pdf - 73ODYSSEE-MURE. (2018). Households: Heating consumption per m2 and per dwelling. ODYSSEE-MURE.
https://www.odyssee-mure.eu/publications/efficiency-by-sector/households/heating-consumption-per-m2.html - 74Ofgem. (2020). Decision for typical domestic consumption values 2020. Office of Gas and Electricity Markets (Ofgem).
https://www.ofgem.gov.uk/publications-and-updates/decision-typical-domestic-consumption-values-2020 - 75Palmer, J., & Cooper, I. (2014). United Kingdom housing energy fact file 2013 (Housing Energy Fact File, p. 172). Department for Energy and Climate Change (DECC).
https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/united-kingdom-housing-energy-fact-file-2013 - 76Pan, S., Li, Z., Loveday, D., & Demian, P. (2018). ‘Intelligent furniture’: The potential for heated armchairs to deliver thermal comfort with energy savings in the UK residential context.
Loughborough University .https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/conference_contribution/_Intelligent_furniture_the_potential_for_heated_armchairs_to_deliver_thermal_comfort_with_energy_savings_in_the_UK_residential_context/9438074 - 77Pender, R., & Lemieux, D. J. (2020). The road not taken: Building physics, and returning to first principles in sustainable design. Atmosphere, 11(6), 620. DOI: 10.3390/atmos11060620
- 78Pickles, D., & Cattini, C. (2015). Energy efficiency and historic buildings: Energy Performance Certificate (pp. 1–20). Historic England.
https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/eehb-energy-performance-certificates/ - 79Pickles, D., & McCaig, I. (2017). Energy efficiency & historic buildings: Application of Part L of the Building Regulations to historic & traditionally constructed buildings (pp. 1–44). Historic England.
https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/energy-efficiency-historic-buildings-ptl/heag014-energy-efficiency-partll/ - 80Piddington, J., Nicol, S., Garrett, H., & Custard, M. (2020). The housing stock of the United Kingdom (pp. 1–23). BRE Trust.
https://files.bregroup.com/bretrust/The-Housing-Stock-of-the-United-Kingdom_Report_BRE-Trust.pdf - 81Pili, S. (2017). Experimentation of a smart-planning approach for the sustainable renewal of the building heritage of smaller Sardinian historic centers. Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions, 65–77. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-75774-2_5
- 82Pracchi, V. (2014). Historic buildings and energy efficiency. The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice, 5(2), 210–225. DOI: 10.1179/1756750514Z.00000000052
- 83Quidos. (2020). Conventions (v 11.1) for RdSAP 9.92, 9.93 and 9.94. Quidos.
- 84Royston, S. (2014). Dragon-breath and snow-melt: Know-how, experience and heat flows in the home. Energy Research & Social Science, 2, 148–158. DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2014.04.016
- 85Shove, E. (2018). What is wrong with energy efficiency? Building Research & Information, 46(7), 779–789. DOI: 10.1080/09613218.2017.1361746
- 86Shrubsole, C., Macmillan, A., Davies, M., & May, N. (2014). 100 Unintended consequences of policies to improve the energy efficiency of the UK housing stock: Indoor and Built Environment, 23(3). DOI: 10.1177/1420326X14524586
- 87Sorrell, S., Dimitropoulos, J., & Sommerville, M. (2009). Empirical estimates of the direct rebound effect: A review. Energy Policy, 37(4), 1356–1371. DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2008.11.026
- 88Sunikka-Blank, M., & Galvin, R. (2012). Introducing the prebound effect: The gap between performance and actual energy consumption. Building Research & Information, 40(3), 260–273. DOI: 10.1080/09613218.2012.690952
- 89Sunikka-Blank, M., & Galvin, R. (2016). Irrational homeowners? How aesthetics and heritage values influence thermal retrofit decisions in the United Kingdom. Energy Research & Social Science, 11, 97–108. DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2015.09.004
- 90Tweed, C., & Sutherland, M. (2007). Built cultural heritage and sustainable urban development. Landscape and Urban Planning, 83(1), 62–69. DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2007.05.008
- 91Wise, F., Moncaster, A., Jones, D., & Dewberry, E. (2019). Considering embodied energy and carbon in heritage buildings—A review. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 329. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/329/1/012002
- 92Wise, F., Moncaster, A., & Jones, D. (2021). Reducing carbon from heritage buildings: The importance of residents’ views, values and behaviours. Journal of Architectural Conservation. DOI: 10.1080/13556207.2021.1933342
- 93Wood, C., Bordass, B., & Baker, P. (2009). Research into the thermal performance of traditional windows: Timber sash windows (Research Report, pp. 1–35). English Heritage.
https://research.historicengland.org.uk/Report.aspx?i=16035 - 94Zagorskas, J., Zavadskas, E. K., Turskis, Z., Burinskienė, M., Blumberga, A., & Blumberga, D. (2014). Thermal insulation alternatives of historic brick buildings in Baltic Sea Region. Energy and Buildings, 78, 35–42. DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.04.010
