Figure 1
A supply-chain framework for analysing economic boundary conditions.
Table 1
Data sources
| DOCUMENT TYPE | DOCUMENT COUNT |
|---|---|
| Academic article | 17 |
| Database/website | 11 |
| Industry report | 19 |
| Other report | 4 |
| Firm internal document | 3 |
| Total | 54 |
Table 2
Scenarios of how cost increases or decreases impact the total costs of an apartment building
| PROJECT COST | STRUCTURAL FRAME COST | STRUCTURAL FRAME COST CHANGE (%) | NEW PROJECT COST | PROJECT COST CHANGE (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| €15,000,000 | €3,000,000 | –25% | €14,250,000 | –5% |
| €15,000,000 | €3,000,000 | +25% | €15,750,000 | +5% |
| €15,000,000 | €3,000,000 | +50% | €16,500,000 | +10% |
| €15,000,000 | €3,000,000 | +75% | €17,250,000 | +15% |
Table 3
Summary of economic boundary conditions of reuse across decision points and system-level conditions
| SUPPLY CHAIN STAGE | DECISION POINT/CONDITION | KEY MECHANISMS | EFFECT ON REUSE | MAIN ACTORS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Donor stage | Demolition vs deconstruction | Labour costs vs waste costs | Context-dependent | Owner, contractor |
| Donor stage | Assessments and reconditioning | Labour costs and uncertainty | Constraining | Engineers, specialists |
| Donor stage | Disposal, storage, reuse, or sale | Balancing supply and demand | Conditional on demand | Owner, intermediary |
| Buyer stage | Reuse vs virgin material | Price and other benefits vs. availability and risk | Conditional on cost, availability, preferences | Buyer |
| Buyer stage | Design and compatibility | Design costs | Constraining | Designers, architects |
| Buyer stage | Procurement and coordination | Transaction costs | Constraining | Buyer |
| System level | Supply-chain profitability | Value creation and distribution | Requires alignment | All actors |
| System level | Policy and regulation | Incentives, risk reduction | Enabling | Policymakers, public sector, all actors |
Table 4
Research agenda: economic mechanisms and research gaps in PCE reuse
| SUPPLY CHAIN STAGE | DECISION POINT/CONDITION | RESEARCH GAP | WHY IT MATTERS |
|---|---|---|---|
| Donor stage | Demolition vs deconstruction | Cost structures of deconstruction | Core determinant of supply-side feasibility |
| Donor stage | Assessments and reconditioning | Costs of inventory and assessment | Key source of costs and uncertainty |
| Donor stage | Disposal, storage, reuse or sale | PCE prices and markets | Limits scaling of reuse markets |
| Buyer stage | Reuse vs virgin material | Cost competitiveness and availability | Core determinants of demand-side feasibility |
| Buyer stage | Design and compatibility | Design costs and technical uncertainty | Key source of costs and uncertainty |
| Buyer stage | Procurement and coordination | Transaction costs | Often hidden costs that limit scalability |
| System level | Supply-chain profitability | Overall cost-benefits, profitability | Fundamental condition for all actors |
| System level | Policy and regulation | Policy impact and incentives design | Fundamental condition for all actors |