Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Covid-19 lockdown: impacts on GB electricity demand and CO2 emissions Cover

Covid-19 lockdown: impacts on GB electricity demand and CO2 emissions

By: Ben Anderson and  Patrick James  
Open Access
|Feb 2021

References

  1. 1 Anderson, B. (2016). Laundry, energy and time: Insights from 20 years of time-use diary data in the United Kingdom. Energy Research and Social Science, 22, 125136. DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2016.09.004
  2. 2 Anderson, B., & Torriti, J. (2018). Explaining shifts in UK electricity demand using time use data from 1974 to 2014. Energy Policy, 123, 544557. DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2018.09.025
  3. 3 Bahmanyar, A., Estebsari, A., & Ernst, D. (2020). The impact of different COVID-19 containment measures on electricity consumption in Europe. Energy Research & Social Science, 68, 101683. DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2020.101683
  4. 4 BBC News. (2020, April 7). The world in lockdown in maps and charts. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-52103747
  5. 5 BEIS. (2020a). Digest of UK Energy Statistics (DUKES). Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS). https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/digest-of-uk-energy-statistics-dukes-2020
  6. 6 BEIS. (2020b, October). Energy trends: UK weather. Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS). https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/energy-trends-section-7-weather
  7. 7 BRE. (2013a). Energy follow-up survey 2011: Report 9: Domestic appliances, cooking & cooling equipment (Prepared by BRE on Behalf of Department of Energy and Climate Change No. 288143). Building Research Establishment (BRE).
  8. 8 BRE. (2013b). Energy follow-up survey 2011: Report 8: Lighting (Prepared by BRE on Behalf of Department of Energy and Climate Change BRE No. 287474). Building Research Establishment (BRE).
  9. 9 Carslaw, D. C., & Ropkins, K. (2012). openair—An R package for air quality data analysis. Environmental Modelling & Software, 2728, 52–61. DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.09.008
  10. 10 Carvalho, M., Delgado, D. B. de M., de Lima, K. M., de Cancela, M. C., dos Siqueira, C. A., & de Souza, D. L. B.. (2020). Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Brazilian electricity consumption patterns. International Journal of Energy Research, e5877. DOI: 10.1002/er.5877
  11. 11 CCC. (2019). Net Zero—The UK’s contribution to stopping global warming. Committee on Climate Change (CCC). https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/net-zero-the-uks-contribution-to-stopping-global-warming/
  12. 12 Darby, S. J., & McKenna, E. (2012). Social implications of residential demand response in cool temperate climates. Energy Policy, 49, 759769. DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2012.07.026
  13. 13 Davidson, H. (2020, March 24). Around 20% of global population under coronavirus lockdown. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/24/nearly-20-of-global-population-under-coronavirus-lockdown
  14. 14 Duncan, C. (2020, March 24). Air pollution drops in UK cities as life comes to a halt with nationwide coronavirus lockdown. The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/coronavirus-air-pollution-uk-lockdown-china-italy-covid-19-a9421291.html
  15. 15 Durand-Daubin, M. (2013, November 19). Household activities through various lenses: Crossing surveys, diaries and electric consumption. Paper presented at the Behavior, Energy and Climate Change Conference (BECC) 2013. http://escholarship.org/uc/item/83z390h2.pdf
  16. 16 Hale, T., Petherick, A., Phillips, T., & Webster, S. (2020). Variation in government responses to COVID-19 (Working Paper No. 31). Blavatnik School of Government. https://www.bsg.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2020-09/BSG-WP-2020-032-v7.0.pdf
  17. 17 Jack, S. (2020, August 26). No plan for a return to the office for millions. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/business-53901310
  18. 18 Jones, D. (2020, April 29). Analysis: Coronavirus has cut CO2 from Europe’s electricity system by 39%. Carbon Brief. https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-coronavirus-has-cut-co2-from-europes-electricity-system-by-39-per-cent
  19. 19 MetOffice. (2020). Seasonal assessment—Spring 2020. https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/assets/metofficegovuk/pdf/weather/learn-about/uk-past-events/summaries/uk_monthly_climate_summary_spring_2020_may.pdf
  20. 20 MHCLG. (2020). English Housing Survey 2018 to 2019: Headline report. Ministry of Housing, Community & Local Government (MHCLG). https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/english-housing-survey-2018-to-2019-headline-report
  21. 21 National Grid ESO. (2020a). ESO data portal: Historic GB generation mix—Dataset | National Grid Electricity System Operator. https://data.nationalgrideso.com/carbon-intensity1/historic-generation-mix/r/historic_gb_generation_mix
  22. 22 National Grid ESO. (2020b). Planning for Easter during the coronavirus outbreak | National Grid ESO. https://www.nationalgrideso.com/news/planning-easter-during-coronavirus-outbreak
  23. 23 National Grid ESO. (2020c). Introducing bridging the gap 2020: Peaks and troughs. https://www.nationalgrideso.com/news/introducing-bridging-gap-2020-peaks-and-troughs
  24. 24 Nicholls, L., & Strengers, Y. (2015). Peak demand and the ‘family peak’ period in Australia: Understanding practice (in)flexibility in households with children. Energy Research & Social Science, 9, 116124. DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2015.08.018
  25. 25 Palmer, J., Terry, N., & Kane, T. (2013a). Further analysis of the Household Electricity Survey early findings: Demand side management. Cambridge Architectural Research, Loughborough University & Element Energy.
  26. 26 Palmer, J., Terry, N., Kane, T., Firth, S., Hughes, M., Pope, P., Young, J., Knight, D., & Godoy-Shimizu, D. (2013b). Further analysis of the Household Electricity Use Survey electrical appliances at home: Tuning in to energy saving. Cambridge Architectural Research, Loughborough University & Element Energy. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/275484/electricity_survey_2_tuning_in_to_energy_saving.pdf
  27. 27 Prime Minister’s Statement on Coronavirus. (2020a). Prime Minister’s statement on coronavirus (COVID-19): 16 March 2020. https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/pm-statement-on-coronavirus-16-march-2020
  28. 28 Prime Minister’s Statement on Coronavirus. (2020b). Prime Minister’s statement on coronavirus (COVID-19): 22 March 2020. https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/pm-statement-on-coronavirus-22-march-2020
  29. 29 Snow, S., Bean, R., Glencross, M., & Horrocks, N. (2020). Drivers behind residential electricity demand fluctuations due to COVID-19 restrictions. Energies, 13(21), 5738. DOI: 10.3390/en13215738
  30. 30 Staffell, I. (2017). Measuring the progress and impacts of decarbonising British electricity. Energy Policy, 102, 463475. DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2016.12.037
  31. 31 Staffell, I., & Pfenninger, S. (2018). The increasing impact of weather on electricity supply and demand. Energy, 145, 6578. DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2017.12.051
  32. 32 Suomalainen, K., Eyers, D., Ford, R., Stephenson, J., Anderson, B., & Jack, M. (2019). Detailed comparison of energy-related time-use diaries and monitored residential electricity demand. Energy and Buildings, 183, 418427. DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.11.002
  33. 33 Torriti, J. (2015). Peak energy demand and demand side response. Routledge.
  34. 34 Torriti, J. (2017). Understanding the timing of energy demand through time use data: Time of the day dependence of social practices. Energy Research & Social Science, 25, 3747. DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2016.12.004
  35. 35 Walker, G. (2014). The dynamics of energy demand: Change, rhythm and synchronicity. Energy Research & Social Science, 1, 4955. DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2014.03.012
  36. 36 Wickham, H. (2009). ggplot2: Elegant graphics for data analysis. Springer. http://ggplot2.org
  37. 37 Wilson, G., Godfrey, N., Sharma, S., & Bassett, T. (2020). We analysed electricity demand and found coronavirus has turned weekdays into weekends. The Conversation. http://theconversation.com/we-analysed-electricity-demand-and-found-coronavirus-has-turned-weekdays-into-weekends-134606
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/bc.77 | Journal eISSN: 2632-6655
Language: English
Submitted on: Sep 4, 2020
Accepted on: Jan 19, 2021
Published on: Feb 10, 2021
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2021 Ben Anderson, Patrick James, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.