Figure 1
Construction of concrete-frame houses in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal.
Source: Authors.
Figure 2
Examples of the narrow, concrete-frame, pencil houses built on subdivided plots in Lalitpur, Nepal.
Source: Authors.
Figure 3
The predominant typology in historical core areas is the Newari house.
Source: Authors.
Figure 4
Spatial mapping of infill sites in Patan, Lalitpur, 2025.
Source: Base GIS urban data was provided by Lalitpur Municipal City, infill data; mapping by authors.
Figure 5
Different categories of infill site conditions surveyed in Patan, Lalitpur, 2025.
Source: Authors.
Figure 6
Hybrid construction showing incremental additions to traditional houses.
Source: Buddha Shrestha and students from Kathmandu University.
Figure 7
Core House prototype.
Source: Authors.
Figure 8
Wall House prototype.
Source: Authors.
Figure 9
Comparison between the traditional urban fabric of the core to the edge of the city.
Source: Authors.