References
- 1 Ackermann, M. (2002). Cool comfort: America’s romance with air-conditioning. Smithsonian Institution Press.
- 2 Banham, R. (1969). The architecture of the well-tempered environment. Architectural Press. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-85139-074-1.50011-X
- 3 Barrow, R. (1964a). Letter to K. Newis, January 1964. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 588.
- 4 Barrow, R. (1964b). Letter to Treasury, 23 March 1964. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 588.
- 5 Barry, C. (1854). Letter to J. Thornbarrow, 11 December 1854. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 7/7.
- 6 Bedford, C. (1963). Letter to Barrow, 13 May 1963. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 588.
- 7 Bedford, T. (1936a). House of Lords—Ventilation, January 1936. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 358.
- 8 Bedford, T. (1936b). Letter to Chief Engineer, 10 January 1936. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 358.
- 9 Bedford, T. (1936c). Letter to Chief Engineer, 18 November 1936. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 358.
- 10 Bedford, T. (1936d). Recordings of velocities, 10 July 1936, 18 November 1936. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 358.
- 11 Bedford, T. (1936e). Record of hot-wire anemometer observations, 17 August 1936. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 358.
- 12 Bedford, T. (1938). Notes on questions relating to humidity with special reference to the ventilation of the Houses of Parliament, January 1938. National Archives, DSIR Series, Box 3/20.
- 13 Bowley, M. (1964). Letter to Waterman, 28 February 1964. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 588.
- 14 Brand, S. (1994). How buildings learn. Viking.
- 15 Bull, J. (1959). Letter to Hoyland, 18 August 1959. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 588, no. 18.
- 16 Burgess, J. (1946). Note, 16 February 1946. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 403. DOI: 10.1111/j.1946-150X.1946.tb00687.x
- 17 CIBSE. (2006). Environmental Design Guide A. Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE).
- 18 Cooper, G. (1998). Air-conditioning America: Engineers and the controlled environment. Johns Hopkins University Press.
- 19 Cooper, I. (1982). Comfort theory and practice: Barriers to the conservation of energy by building occupants. Applied Energy, 11, 243–288. DOI: 10.1016/0306-2619(82)90023-X
- 20 Cunliffe, A. (1960a). Letter to Mackintosh, 10 August 1960. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 588.
- 21 Cunliffe, A. (1960b). Letter to Whiting, 23 August 1960. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 588.
- 22 Daily News. (1865, July 7). Imperial Parliament. Daily News, 2.
- 23 Denbon, H. (1956). Report, 13 January 1956. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 588.
- 24 Denbon, H. (1960). House of Lords heating and ventilation system, 30 March 1960. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 588.
- 25 DSIR. (1937). Committee on Heating and Ventilation problems, Minutes of meeting, 16 February 1937. National Archives, DSIR Series, Box 3/20.
- 26 Engineering Division. (1963). Letter to K. Newis, 10 December 1963. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 588.
- 27 Farmer, E. (n.d.). Photograph, Parliamentary Archives, FAR 6 Series, Box 14.
- 28 Gurney, G. (1854). Letter to F. Stone, 17 June 1854. HL 1854 (385), 118.
- 29 Harrington, J. (1869). The Abbey and Palace of Westminster. Sampson Low & Co.
- 30 House of Commons. (1857). Report to General Board of Health by Coms. to inquire into Warming and Ventilation of Dwellings. HC 320 (1857), 129.
- 31 House of Commons. (1864). Condition of mines in Great Britain, Report. HC Cmd 3389 (1864).
- 32 House of Commons. (1890–91). House of Commons ventilation, Report. HC 1890–91 (371).
- 33 House of Commons. (1894). Correspondence between Secretary to Treasury and Clerk of Parliaments, respecting estimates of House of Lords Offices. HC 1894 (85).
- 34 House of Commons. (1914). Report of the Committee of Inquiry into the architects and surveyor’s and engineering divisions of the H.M. Office of Works. HC 1914 (7416), 23.
-
35
House of Commons.
(1942a).
3 June debate . Hansard, vol. 380, col. 641. - 36 House of Commons. (1942b). Urgent question for 2nd sitting after 19 April 1942. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 403.
-
37
House of Commons.
(1943a).
12 May debate . Hansard, vol. 389, col. 618. -
38
House of Commons.
(1943b).
19 October debate . Hansard, vol. 392, col. 1183. -
39
House of Commons.
(1947a).
4 August debate . Hansard, vol. 441, cols 966–967. -
40
House of Commons.
(1947b).
3 November debate . Hansard, vol. 443, col. 166W. - 41 House of Commons. (1966). Notes for supplementaries, 1966. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 588.
-
42
House of Lords.
(1854).
Possibility of improving the ventilation and the lighting of the House. First Report . HL 1854 (384). -
43
House of Lords.
(1869a).
Office of the Clerk of the Parliaments and Office of the Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod, Report . HL 1869 (278). -
44
House of Lords.
(1869b).
16 July debate . Hansard. vol. 198, cols 4–13. -
45
House of Lords.
(1870).
Office of Clerk of the Parliaments. >Third Report . HL 1870 (177). -
46
House of Lords.
(1878).
22 July debate . Hansard, vol. 241, cols 2018–2021. -
47
House of Lords.
(1883a).
Construction and accommodation, Report . HL 1883 (147). -
48
House of Lords.
(1883b).
12 March debate . Hansard, vol. 277, cols 140–143. -
49
House of Lords.
(1883c).
23 April debate . Hansard, vol. 278, col. 889. -
50
House of Lords.
(1886).
26 February debate . Hansard, vol. 302, cols 1350–1352. -
51
House of Lords.
(1935).
24 July debate . Hansard, vol. 98, cols 842–846. - 52 House of Lords. (1949). Meeting of House of Lords Offices Committee, 14 December 1949. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 525.
-
53
House of Lords.
(1950a).
2 November debate . Hansard, vol. 169, cols 97–145. -
54
House of Lords.
(1950b).
30 March debate . Hansard, vol. 166, cols 664–665. -
55
House of Lords.
(1950c).
25 October debate . Hansard, vol. 169, cols 1333–1334. -
56
House of Lords.
(1950d).
24 October debate . Hansard, vol. 169, cols 1251–1252. -
57
House of Lords.
(1951).
29 May debate . Hansard, vol. 171, cc860–871. -
58
House of Lords.
(1956a).
25 January debate . Hansard, vol. 195, cols 523–524. -
59
House of Lords.
(1956b).
15 May 1956 debate . Hansard, vol. 197, cols 356–360. -
60
House of Lords.
(1959a).
9 July debate . Hansard, vol. 217, col. 1008. -
61
House of Lords.
(1959b).
16 July debate . Hansard, vol. 218, cols 82–84. -
62
House of Lords.
(1963a).
18 March debate . Hansard, vol. 247, cols 944–1000. -
63
House of Lords.
(1963b).
31 July debate . Hansard, vol. 252, cols 1141–1143. - 64 Hoyland, T. (1959). House of Lords Chamber ventilation and heating, 13 August 1959. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 588.
- 65 Humphreys, M., Nicol, F., & Roaf, S. (2020). Adaptive thermal comfort: Foundations and analysis. Routledge.
- 66 Lerum, V. (2016). Sustainable building design: Learning from nineteenth-century innovations. Routledge. DOI: 10.4324/9781315736266
- 67 Lord Chamberlain. (1963). Letter to Rippon, 24 July 1963. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 588.
- 68 Macintyre, J. (1935). Houses of Parliament—Lords Chamber, 18 December 1935. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 357.
- 69 Macintyre, J. (1936). House of Lords ventilation: Summer investigation, 7 December 1936. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 358.
- 70 Mackintosh, K. (1959). Letter to Hoyland, 13 July 1959. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 588.
- 71 Mackintosh, K. (1963). Letter to Hoyland, 11 April 1963. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 588.
- 72 McFerran, H. (1911). Note, 26 October 1911. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 124.
- 73 Medvei, V. (1964). Letter to Ministry of Public Building, February 1965. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 588.
- 74 Ministry of Public Building. (1963). House of Lords feasibility study on air-conditioning, 29 November 1963. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 588.
- 75 Ministry of Public Building. (1964). Air conditioning of the House of Lords, March 1964. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 588.
- 76 Ministry of Public Building. (1965a). Notes of a meeting with representatives from the House of Lords on 8 April 1965. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 588.
- 77 Ministry of Public Building. (1965b). Extract from temperature logbook, 13–4 April 1965. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 588.
- 78 Ministry of Public Building. (1965c). House of Lords proposed air-conditioning, 23 April 1965. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 588.
- 79 Ministry of Public Building. (1965d). Peers chamber ventilation, 19 April 1965. Parliamentary Archives: POW Series, Box 14/22.
- 80 Ministry of Public Building and Works. (1965). Diagrammatic detail of House of Lords air conditioning, June 1965. Parliamentary Archives, POW/1/13.
- 81 Ministry of Public Building and Works. (1966). Unnamed photograph, 4 March 1966. Strategic Estates Archives, image no. G 10708/4.
- 82 Ministry of Works. (1943a). Proposed re-instalment of original peers Chamber windows, 4 November 1943. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 443.
- 83 Ministry of Works. (1943b). Report of the House of Lords modified to accommodate the House of Commons, 1 November 1943. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 403.
- 84 Ministry of Works. (1943c). Proposed gear operating side hung casement, 17 October 1943. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 443.
- 85 Ministry of Works. (1947). Minutes of action taken, 30 October 1947. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 403.
- 86 Ministry of Works. (1951). Press notice: The House of Lords Chamber, 23 May 1951. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 525.
- 87 Ministry of Works. (1960). Report on House of Lords heating and ventilation, 30 March 1960. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 588.
- 88 Mole, C. (1950). Reinstatement of peers’ debating chamber, undated. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 525.
- 89 NPL. (1941). Acoustics of the House of Lords modified to accommodate the House of Commons, 30 May 1941. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 403.
- 90 Office of Works. (1854). Letter to Huxley, 2 October 1854. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 7/7.
- 91 Office of Works. (1867a). Longitudinal section through House of Peers. National Archives, Work 29 Series, Drawing 2986.
- 92 Office of Works. (1867b). Cross sections through House of Peers. National Archives, Work 29 Series, Drawing 2987.
- 93 Office of Works. (1867c). Plan of mezzanine floor mezzanine, 1867. National Archives, Work 29 Series, Drawing 2980.
- 94 Office of Works. (1869). Mean, highest and lowest temperature, February–July 1869. Parliamentary Archives, LGC Series, Box 5/6.
- 95 Office of Works. (1911). Letter to Lord Chamberlain, 6 July 1911. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 124.
- 96 Office of Works. (1923). Arrangement of steelwork, foundations for fan and motor, 23 November 1923. Strategic Estates Archives, Offices of Works Series, Drawing: B-17544.
- 97 Office of Works. (1929a). West wall before restoration. Photograph. Historic England Archive, Album 106.
- 98 Office of Works. (1929b). Peers Court. Photograph. Historic England Archive, Album 106.
- 99 Office of Works. (1936a). Temperature and humidity, House of Lords, near Bar, 1 October 1835 to 30 September 1936. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 358.
- 100 Office of Works. (1936b). Temperature and humidity, House of Lords, near Throne, 1 October 1835 to 30 September 1936. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 358.
- 101 Parker, A. (1951a). Letter to Hattersley, 16 October 1951. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 525.
- 102 Parker, A. (1951b). Report, 19 October 1951. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 525.
- 103 Patey, A. (1911a). Letter to McFerran, 19 October 1911. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 124.
- 104 Patey, A. (1911b). Letter to McFerran, 10 October 1911. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 124.
- 105 Patey, A. (1912a). Proposed plenum warming and ventilation of House of Peers, 15 April 1912. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 124.
- 106 Patey, A. (1912b). House of Lords improved ventilation. 29 April 1912. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 124.
- 107 Percy, J. (1866). Report on the ventilation, warming and lighting of the Houses of Parliament. HC 1866(98).
- 108 Schoenefeldt, H. (2019). The House of Commons: A precedent for post-occupancy evaluation. Building Research & Information, 47(6), 635–665. DOI: 10.1080/09613218.2019.1547547
- 109 Schoenefeldt, H. (2021). Rebuilding the Houses of Parliament—David Boswell Reid and disruptive environmentalism. Routledge. DOI: 10.4324/9781315182803
- 110 Schoenefeldt, H. (2022). Reappraising, rebuilding the House of Commons’ environment. ASHRAE Journal, January, 50–60.
- 111 Short, A. (2017). The recovery of natural environments in architecture: Air, comfort and climate. Routledge. DOI: 10.4324/9781315765853
- 112 Sizer, W. (1950). House of Lords’ Chamber. 11 July 1950. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 525.
- 113 Stone, B. (1897a). Black Rod’s seat. House of Commons Library, 111 Series, Box 18.
- 114 Stone, B. (1897b). Vault beneath the House of Lords. Photograph, July 1897. Parliamentary Archives: HC/LB/1/111/8/19.
- 115 The Times. (1878, March 6). The ventilation of public buildings. The Times, 10.
- 116 Vidar, L. (2015). Sustainable building design: Learning from nineteenth-century innovations. Routledge.
- 117 Waterman, F. (1964). Letter to R. Barrow, 16 December 1964. National Archives, Work 11 Series, Box 588.