Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Microplastics in the Pathogenesis of Periodontal Diseases: A Narrative Review Cover

Microplastics in the Pathogenesis of Periodontal Diseases: A Narrative Review

Annals of Global Health
Volume 91 (2025): Issue 1
By: Delfin Lovelina Francis and  Saravanan Sampoornam Pape Reddy  
Open Access
|Oct 2025

References

  1. Sharaf S, Hijazi K. Modulatory mechanisms of pathogenicity in porphyromonas gingivalis and other periodontal pathobionts. Microorganisms. 2022;11(1):15. doi:10.3390/microorganisms11010015.
    Back to article
  2. Hirt N, Body‑Malapel M. Immunotoxicity and intestinal effects of nano‑ and microplastics: A review of the literature. Part Fibre Toxicol. 2020;17(1):57. doi:10.1186/s12989-020-00387-7.
    Back to article
  3. Zhu Y, Che R, Zong X, et al. A comprehensive review on the source, ingestion route, attachment and toxicity of microplastics/nanoplastics in human systems. J Environ Manage. 2024;352:120039. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120039.
    Back to article
  4. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71. doi:10.1136/bmj.n71.
    Back to article
  5. Geyer R, Jambeck JR, Law KL. Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made. Sci Adv. 2017;3(7):e1700782. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1700782.
    Back to article
  6. Witczak A, Przedpełska L, Pokorska‑Niewiada K, Cybulski J. Microplastics as a threat to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Toxics. 2024;12(8):571. doi:10.3390/toxics12080571.
    Back to article
  7. Cole M, Lindeque P, Halsband C, Galloway TS. Microplastics as contaminants in the marine environment: A review. Mar Pollut Bull. 2011;62(12):2588–2597. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.09.025.
    Back to article
  8. Megha KB, Anvitha D, Parvathi S, Neeraj A, Sonia J, Mohanan PV. Environmental impact of microplastics and potential health hazards. Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2025;45(1):97–127. doi:10.1080/07388551.2024.2344572.
    Back to article
  9. Ahmed Dar A, Chen Z, Sardar MF, An C. Navigating the nexus: Climate dynamics and microplastics pollution in coastal ecosystems. Environ Res. 2024;252(Pt 3):118971. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2024.118971.
    Back to article
  10. Paul MB, Stock V, Cara‑Carmona J, et al. Micro‑ and nanoplastics—current state of knowledge with the focus on oral uptake and toxicity. Nanoscale Adv. 2020;2(10):4350–4367. doi:10.1039/d0na00539h.
    Back to article
  11. Zuri G, Karanasiou A, Lacorte S. Human biomonitoring of microplastics and health implications: A review. Environ Res. 2023;237(Pt 1):116966. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2023.116966.
    Back to article
  12. Nayak SPR, Das A, Choi KC, et al. Molecular insights into the impact of environmental pollution on gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) mediated metabolic dysregulation. Med Microecol. 2025;25:100133.
    Back to article
  13. Wang Y, Huang J, Zhu F, Zhou S. Airborne microplastics: A review on the occurrence, migration and risks to humans. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2021;107(4):657–664. doi:10.1007/s00128-021-03180-0.
    Back to article
  14. Protyusha GB, B K, Robin RS, et al. Microplastics in oral healthcare products (OHPs) and their environmental health risks and mitigation measures. Environ Pollut. 2024;343:123118. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123118.
    Back to article
  15. Mahmud F, Sarker DB, Jocelyn JA, Sang QA. Molecular and cellular effects of microplastics and nanoplastics: Focus on inflammation and senescence. Cells. 2024;13(21):1788. doi:10.3390/cells13211788.
    Back to article
  16. Yang ZS, Bai YL, Jin CH, et al. Evidence on invasion of blood, adipose tissues, nervous system and reproductive system of mice after a single oral exposure: Nanoplastics versus microplastics. Biomed Environ Sci. 2022;35(11):1025–1037. doi:10.3967/bes2022.131.
    Back to article
  17. Zeng G, Li J, Wang Y, et al. Polystyrene microplastic‑induced oxidative stress triggers intestinal barrier dysfunction via the NF‑κB/NLRP3/IL‑1β/MCLK pathway. Environ Pollut. 2024;345:123473. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123473.
    Back to article
  18. Mulligan S, Ojeda JJ, Kakonyi G, Thornton SF, Moharamzadeh K, Martin N. Characterisation of microparticle waste from dental resin‑based composites. Materials (Basel). 2021;14(16):4440. doi:10.3390/ma14164440.
    Back to article
  19. Mulligan S, Hatton PV, Martin N. Resin‑based composite materials: Elution and pollution. Br Dent J. 2022;232(9):644–652. doi:10.1038/s41415-022-4241-7.
    Back to article
  20. Kannan K, Sivaperumal P. Bioprospecting Antarctic actinobacteria: Discovery of functional cryoprotective proteins for innovations in food sciences and biomedical applications. Food Biosci. 2025;66:106134.
    Back to article
  21. Landrigan PJ, Raps H, Cropper M, et al. The Minderoo‑Monaco Commission on Plastics and Human Health. Ann Glob Health. 2023;89(1):23. doi:10.5334/aogh.4056.
    Back to article
  22. Darbre PD. Chemical components of plastics as endocrine disruptors: Overview and commentary. Birth Defects Res. 2020;112(17):1300–1307. doi:10.1002/bdr2.1778.
    Back to article
  23. Patil RT, Dhadse PV, Salian SS, Punse SD. Role of oxidative stress in periodontal diseases. Cureus. 2024;16(5):e60779. doi:10.7759/cureus.60779.
    Back to article
  24. Flemmig TF. Periodontitis. Ann Periodontol. 1999;4(1):32–38. doi:10.1902/annals.1999.4.1.32.
    Back to article
  25. Zhao B, Rehati P, Yang Z, Cai Z, Guo C, Li Y. The potential toxicity of microplastics on human health. Sci Total Environ. 2024;912:168946. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168946.
    Back to article
  26. Vitkov L, Singh J, Schauer C, et al. Breaking the gingival barrier in periodontitis. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(5):4544. doi:10.3390/ijms24054544.
    Back to article
  27. Meyle J, Chapple I. Molecular aspects of the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Periodontol 2000. 2015;69(1):7–17. doi:10.1111/prd.12104.
    Back to article
  28. Florance I, Cordani M, Pashootan P, Moosavi MA, Zarrabi A, Chandrasekaran N. The impact of nanomaterials on autophagy across health and disease conditions. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2024;81(1):184.
    Back to article
  29. Omidoyin KC, Jho EH. Environmental occurrence and ecotoxicological risks of plastic leachates in aquatic and terrestrial environments. Sci Total Environ. 2024;954:176728. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176728.
    Back to article
  30. Mariana M, Feiteiro J, Verde I, Cairrao E. The effects of phthalates in the cardiovascular and reproductive systems: A review. Environ Int. 2016;94:758–776. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2016.07.004.
    Back to article
  31. Kanzaki H, Wada S, Narimiya T, et al. Pathways that regulate ROS scavenging enzymes, and their role in defense against tissue destruction in periodontitis. Front Physiol. 2017;8:351. doi:10.3389/fphys.2017.00351.
    Back to article
  32. Mittal M, Siddiqui MR, Tran K, Reddy SP, Malik AB. Reactive oxygen species in inflammation and tissue injury. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2014;20(7):1126–1167. doi:10.1089/ars.2012.5149.
    Back to article
  33. Mooney EC, Sahingur SE. The ubiquitin system and A20: Implications in health and disease. J Dent Res. 2021;100(1):10–20. doi:10.1177/0022034520949486.
    Back to article
  34. Reddy SSP, Francis DL, Logaranjani A, et al. Molecular basis of DNA damage response (DDR) pathway in periodontitis: Pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic directions. Periodontal Implant Res. 2025;9:8. doi:10.1007/s41894-025-00152-z.
    Back to article
  35. Roberts FA, Darveau RP. Microbial protection and virulence in periodontal tissue as a function of polymicrobial communities: Symbiosis and dysbiosis. Periodontol 2000. 2015;69(1):18–27. doi:10.1111/prd.12087.
    Back to article
  36. Sedghi L, DiMassa V, Harrington A, Lynch SV, Kapila YL. The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease. Periodontol 2000. 2021;87(1):107–131. doi:10.1111/prd.12393.
    Back to article
  37. Yang W, Li Y, Boraschi D. Association between microorganisms and microplastics: How does it change the host‑pathogen interaction and subsequent immune response? Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(4):4065. doi:10.3390/ijms24044065.
    Back to article
  38. Neurath N, Kesting M. Cytokines in gingivitis and periodontitis: From pathogenesis to therapeutic targets. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1435054. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1435054.
    Back to article
  39. Zeng W, He S, Zhao Y, et al. Microplastics exposure aggravates synovitis and pyroptosis in SLE by activating NF‑κB and NRF2/KEAP1 signaling. Toxics. 2024;12(12):840. doi:10.3390/toxics12120840.
    Back to article
  40. Moens U, Kostenko S, Sveinbjørnsson B. The role of mitogen‑activated protein kinase‑activated protein kinases (MAPKAPKs) in inflammation. Genes (Basel). 2013;4(2):101–133. doi:10.3390/genes4020101.
    Back to article
  41. Schmidt A, da Silva Brito WA, Singer D, et al. Short‑ and long‑term polystyrene nano‑ and microplastic exposure promotes oxidative stress and divergently affects skin cell architecture and Wnt/beta‑catenin signaling. Part Fibre Toxicol. 2023;20(1):3. doi:10.1186/s12989-023-00513-1.
    Back to article
  42. Ragavendran C, Kamaraj C, Alrefaei AF, et al. Green‑route synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles via Solanum surattense leaf extract: Characterization, biomedical applications and their ecotoxicity assessment of zebrafish embryo model. S Afr J Bot. 2024;167:643–662. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2024.02.049.
    Back to article
  43. Shahoumi LA, Saleh MHA, Meghil MM. Virulence factors of the periodontal pathogens: Tools to evade the host immune response and promote carcinogenesis. Microorganisms. 2023;11(1):115. doi:10.3390/microorganisms11010115.
    Back to article
  44. Pulvirenti E, Ferrante M, Barbera N, et al. Effects of nano and microplastics on the inflammatory process: In vitro and in vivo studies systematic review. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2022;27(10):287. doi:10.31083/j.fbl2710287.
    Back to article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.4861 | Journal eISSN: 2214-9996
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English
Submitted on: Jun 25, 2025
Accepted on: Sep 16, 2025
Published on: Oct 3, 2025
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
dental,
microplastics,
oral health,
periodontal,
physiopathology

© 2025 Delfin Lovelina Francis, Saravanan Sampoornam Pape Reddy, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Previous articleVolume 91 (2025): Issue 1Next article