Abstract
Background: Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent serious illness and death from COVID-19 among the various preventive interventions available.
Objective: This review aimed to assess the actual effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in curbing the transmission and incidence of COVID-19 cases, to examine the role of different vaccine types in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to identify the key factors influencing the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in containing the spread of the virus.
Methods: The suggestions made by the PRISMA Framework were adhered to. To find the publications for the 2020–2023 timeframe, searches were performed through the PubMed databases, EMBASE, Scopus, and ProQuest. For the review, 17 reports satisfied the inclusion requirements. Ad26.CoV2.S or ChAdOx1-S, Gam-COVID-Vac(GAM), Sinovac Life Sciences Co., Oxford–AstraZeneca, Pfizer–BioNTech, and viral vector vaccines are among the vaccines that act on various variations. They dealt with the Delta, B.1.1.519, Omicron, and Alpha variations.
Findings: Vaccinations against various Variants resulted in fewer COVID-19 infections, fewer deaths, and fewer hospitalizations. The emergency of the Delta variant, persons over 60, and vaccine hesitancy were the main issues affecting the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccinations in containing the virus’s spread.
Conclusion: The collective evidence strongly supports the conclusion that COVID-19 vaccination plays a crucial role in mitigating the spread of the virus and reducing the severity of illness among those who contract the virus.