Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Wheel Replacing Pyramid: Better Paradigm Representing Totality of Evidence-Based Medicine Cover

Wheel Replacing Pyramid: Better Paradigm Representing Totality of Evidence-Based Medicine

Annals of Global Health
Volume 90 (2024): Issue 1
By: Colleen Aldous,  Barry M. Dancis,  Jerome Dancis and  Philip R. Oldfield  
Open Access
|Feb 2024

References

  1. 1Sackett DL. How to read clinical journals: I. Why to read them and how to start reading them critically. Can. Med Assoc J. 1981; 124(5): 555–558.
    Back to article
  2. 2Sackett DL, Rosenberg WMC, Gray MJA, Haynes BR, Richardson SW. Evidence-based medicine: What it is and what it isn’t. BMJ. 1996; 312(7023): 71–72. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.312.7023.71
    Back to article
  3. 3Guyatt GH, Sackett DL, Sinclair JC, et al. Users’ guides to the medical literature IX. A method for grading health care recommendations. JAMA. 1995; 274(22): 1800–1804. DOI: 10.1001/jama.1995.03530220066035
    Back to article
  4. 4Anglemyer A, Horvath HT, Bero L. Healthcare outcomes assessed with observational study designs compared with those assessed in randomized trials. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014; 2014(4): MR000034. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.MR000034.pub2
    Back to article
  5. 5Doidge N. Medicine’s Fundamentalists. Tablet Magazine; Aug 14, 2020. Accessed Nov 24, 2022. https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/science/articles/randomized-control-tests-doidge.
    Back to article
  6. 6Aldous C, Olfield P, Dancis J, Dancis B. New approach for evaluating evidence in a pandemic: The Totality of Evidence Wheel. Trial Site News; Oct 25, 2022. Accessed Aug 19, 2023. https://www.trialsitenews.com/a/new-approach-for-evaluating-evidence-in-a-pandemic-the-totality-of-evidence-wheel-abff2a0c.
    Back to article
  7. 7Aldous C, Olfield P, Dancis J, Dancis B. The Totality of EBM still points to the efficacy of ivermectin in COVID-19: The Totality of Evidence–Based Medicine Wheel. BizNews; Oct 27, 2022. Accessed Aug 19, 2023. https://www.biznews.com/health/2022/10/27/ivermectin-ebm
    Back to article
  8. 8NIH NLM Home Page PubMed®. Accessed Jun 1, 2022 to Oct 3, 2022. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/.
    Back to article
  9. 9Tablets: Stromectol® (Ivermectin). US FDA. (NDA 50-742/S-022); Sept 12, 2008. Accessed Sept 22, 2022. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/050742s022lbl.pdf.
    Back to article
  10. 10de Castro CG Jr., Gregianin LJ, Burgerd JA. Continuous high-dose ivermectin appears to be safe in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia and could inform clinical repurposing for COVID-19 infection. Leuk Lymphoma. 2020; 61(10): 2536–2537. DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2020.1786559
    Back to article
  11. 11Santin AD, Scheim DE, McCullough PA, Yagisawa M, Borody TJ. Ivermectin: A multifaceted drug of Nobel prize-honoured distinction with indicated efficacy against a new global scourge, COVID-19. New Microbes New Infect. 2021; 43: 100924. DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2021.100924
    Back to article
  12. 12VigiAccess. World Health Organisation. 2023. Accessed Jan 5, 2023. https://vigiaccess.org/.
    Back to article
  13. 13Guzzo CA, Furtek CI, Porras AG, et al. Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of escalating high doses of ivermectin in healthy adult subjects. J Clin Pharmacol. 2002; 42(10): 1122–1133. DOI: 10.1177/009127002237994
    Back to article
  14. 14Straus SE, Glasziou P, Richardson SW, Haynes BR. Evidence-Based Medicine: How to Practice and Teach EBM. 5th ed. Elsevier; 2018.
    Back to article
  15. 15Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America. PUB255.PS-PLAW-114publ225.pdf. Dec 13, 2016; Accessed Dec 9, 2022. https://www.congress.gov/114/plaws/publ255/PLAW-114publ255.pdf.
    Back to article
  16. 16Deaton A, Cartwright N. Understanding and misunderstanding randomized controlled trials. Soc Sci Med. 2018, 210: 2–21. DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.12.005
    Back to article
  17. 17Walach H, Falkenberg T, Fønnebø V, Lewith G, Jonas WB. Circular instead of hierarchical: Methodological principles for the evaluation of complex interventions. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2006; 6: Article 29. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2288-6-29
    Back to article
  18. 18Freedman B. Equipoise and the ethics of clinical research. N Engl J Med. 1987; 317: 141–145. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM198707163170304
    Back to article
  19. 19Enkin MW, Jadad AR. Using anecdotal information in evidence-based health care: heresy or necessity? Ann Oncol. 1998; Sep(9): 963–966. DOI: 10.1023/A:1008495101125
    Back to article
  20. 20Stone, HA. CURE ID: Capturing Clinician’s Experiences Repurposing Drugs to Inform Future Studies in the Era of COVID-19. https://www.fda.gov/media/138725/download. Accessed Sep 21, 2023.
    Back to article
  21. 21Frieden TR. Evidence for health decision making — Beyond randomized, controlled trials. N Engl J Med. 2017; 377: 465–475. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1614394
    Back to article
  22. 22The 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Press release, Solna, Sweden: The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet. October 5, 2015. Accessed: September 11, 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2015/press-release/.
    Back to article
  23. 23Jans DA, Wagstaff KM. The broad spectrum host-directed agent ivermectin as an antiviral for SARS-CoV-2? Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2021; 538: 163–172. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.042
    Back to article
  24. 24Zaidi AK, Dehgani-Mobaraki P. The mechanisms of action of ivermectin against SARS-CoV-2 – An extensive review. J. Antibiot. 2022; 75: 60–71. DOI: 10.1038/s41429-021-00491-6
    Back to article
  25. 25Song P, Li W, Xie J, Hou Y, You C. Cytokine storm induced by SARS-CoV-2. Clinica Chimica Acta. 2020; 509: 280–228. DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.06.017
    Back to article
  26. 26Costela-Ruiz VJ, Illescas-Montes R, Puerta-Puerta JM, Ruiz C, Melguizo-Rodríguez L. SARS-CoV-2 infection: The role of cytokines in COVID-19 disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2020; 54: 62–75. DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.06.001
    Back to article
  27. 27Thepmankorn P, Bach J, Lasfar A, et al. Cytokine storm induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection: The spectrum of its neurological manifestations. Cytokine. 2021; 138: 155404. DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155404
    Back to article
  28. 28Rajter JC, Sherman MS, Fatteh N, Vogel F, Sacks J, Rajter JJ. Use of ivermectin is associated with lower mortality in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Chest. 2020; 159(1): 85–92. DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.10.009
    Back to article
  29. 29Stone, JC, Ndarukwa P, Scheim DE, et al. Changes in SpO2 on room air for 34 severe COVID-19 patients after ivermectin based combination treatment: 62% normalization within 24 hours. Biologics. 2022; 2: 196–210. DOI: 10.3390/biologics2030015
    Back to article
  30. 30Hazan, et al. Effectiveness of Ivermectin-based multidrug therapy in severe hypoxic ambulatory COVID-19 patients. Future Microbiol. 2022; 17(5): 339–350. DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0014
    Back to article
  31. 31Babalola OE, Bode CO, Ajayi AA, Alakaloko FM, Akase IE, Otrofanowei E, Salu OB, Adeyemo WL, Ademuyiwa AO, Omilabu S. Ivermectin shows clinical benefits in mild to moderate COVID19: a randomized controlled double-blind, dose-response study in Lagos. QJM. 2022; 114(11): 780–788. DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcab035
    Back to article
  32. 32COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Treatment Guidelines. National Institutes of Health; July 21, 2023. Accessed July 27, 2023. https://files.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/guidelines/archive/covid19treatmentguidelines-04-29-2022.pdf
    Back to article
  33. 33Vallejos J, Zoni R, Bangher M, et al. Ivermectin to prevent hospitalizations in patients with COVID-19 (IVERCOR-COVID19) a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. BMC Infect Dis. 2021; 21(1): 635. DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06348-5
    Back to article
  34. 34Lopez-Medina E, Lopez P, Hurtado IC, et al. Effect of ivermectin on time to resolution of symptoms among adults with mild COVID-19. A randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2021; 325(14): 1426–1435. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2021.3071
    Back to article
  35. 35Reis G, Silva EASM, Silva DCM, et al. Effect of early treatment with ivermectin among patients with COVID-19. N Engl J Med. 2022; 386: 1721–1731. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2115869
    Back to article
  36. 36Lim SC, Hor CP, Tay KH, et al. Efficacy of ivermectin treatment on disease progression among adults with mild to moderate covid-19 and comorbidities: The I-TECH randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2022; 182: 426–435. DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.0189
    Back to article
  37. 37Chamie JJ, Hibberd JA, Scheim DE. COVID-19 excess deaths in Peru’s 25 states in 2020: Nationwide trends, confounding factors, and correlations with the extent of Ivermectin treatment by state. Cureus. 2023; 15(8): e43168. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43168
    Back to article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.4341 | Journal eISSN: 2214-9996
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English
Submitted on: Oct 9, 2023
Accepted on: Jan 20, 2024
Published on: Feb 29, 2024
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
evidence-based medicine,
randomized control trial,
ivermectin,
COVID-19,
quality of evidence,
pyramid,
wheel

© 2024 Colleen Aldous, Barry M. Dancis, Jerome Dancis, Philip R. Oldfield, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Previous articleVolume 90 (2024): Issue 1Next article