References
- 1ICAP at Columbia University. PHIA Project – A drop that counts: About. 2019.
https://phia.icap.columbia.edu/about/ . Accessed September 8, 2019. - 2Centers of Disease Control – Global Health. Nigeria Studies Cameroon’s PHIA Implementation. 2018.
https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/nigeria_studies_cameroon_implementation.html . Accessed September 8, 2019. - 3Goodhand J. Research in conflict zones: Ethics and accountability. Forced Migr Rev. 2000; 8(4): 12–16.
- 4Romano D. Conducting research in the Middle East’s conflict zones. Political Science and Politics. 2006; 39(3): 439–441. DOI: 10.1017/S1049096506060768
- 5Gasser N. Conducting field research in contexts of violent conflict. An annotated bibliography. NCCR North-South Dialogue, WP 1 “Governance and Conflict” Working Paper No. 3, 1–40. Bern: NCCR North-South; 2006.
- 6Ford N, Mills EJ, Zachariah R, Upsur R. Ethics of conducting research in conflict settings. Confl and Health. 2009; 3(1): 7. DOI: 10.1186/1752-1505-3-7
- 7El-Khani A, Ulph F, Redmond AD, Calam R. Ethical issues in research into conflict and displacement. The Lancet. 2013: 382(9894): 764–765. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61824-3
- 8Rodrigues CD. Doing research in conflict settings: Ethical considerations and ethics committees. Social Science Research Council: Working papers on research security. 2014: 1–20. Accessed September 8, 2019.
- 9Campbell SP. Ethics of research in conflict environments. Journal of Global Security Studies. 2017; 2(1): 89–101. DOI: 10.1093/jogss/ogw024
- 10Gabriel S, Goetschel L. A conflict sensitive approach to field research: Doing any better? Swiss Academies Reports. 2017; 12(5): 1–40.
- 11Moss SM, Uluğ ÖM, Acar YG. Doing research in conflict contexts: Practical and ethical challenges for researchers when conducting fieldwork. Peace and conflict. Journal of Peace Psychology. 2019; 25(1): 86. DOI: 10.1037/pac0000334
- 12Porter EJ, Robinson G, Smyth M, Schnabel A, Osaghae E, (eds.). Researching conflict in Africa: Insights and experiences. United Nations University Press; 2005. Accessed September 26, 2019.
- 13Pettersson T, Wallensteen P. Armed conflicts, 1946–2014. Journal of Peace Research. 2015; 52(4): 536–550. DOI: 10.1177/0022343315595927
- 14United Nations Development Group.
Conducting a conflict and development analysis . United Nations Sustainable Development Group. 2016. Accessed September 8, 2019. - 15Swanborn PG. A common base for quality control criteria in quantitative and qualitative research. Quality and Quantity. 1996; 30(1): 19–35. DOI: 10.1007/BF00139833
- 16Croft TN, Marshall AMJ, Allen CK, et al. Guide to DHS Statistics. Rockville, Maryland, USA: ICF; 2018.
https://www.dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/DHSG1/Guide_to_DHS_Statistics_DHS-7.pdf . Accessed November 24, 2019. - 17United Nations Children’s Fund. MICS6 Tools: Survey design – Sampling. UNICEF; 2019.
http://mics.unicef.org/tools . Accessed November 24, 2019. - 18National Bureau of Statistic. National nutrition and health survey (NNHS) 2018: Report on the nutrition and health situation in Nigeria. Main report. Abuja, Nigeria: National Bureau of Statistic; 2018.
https://www.unicef.org/nigeria/media/2181/file/Nigeria-NNHS-2018.pdf . Accessed November 24, 2019. - 19Federal Ministry of Health Nigeria (FMOH N), National HIV Sero-Prevalence Sentinel Survey 2008. Accessed August 23, 2020.
- 20Federal Ministry of Health Nigeria (FMOH N), National HIV/AIDS and Reproductive Health Survey (NARHS).
http://naca.gov.ng/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/NARHS-Plus-2012-Final-18112013.pdf . Accessed August 23, 2020. - 21Federal Ministry of Health Nigeria (FMOH N), HIV Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance Survey (IBBSS). 2010.
http://www.popcouncil.org/uploads/pdfs/2011HIV_IBBSS2010.pdf . Accessed August 23, 2020. - 22García-Calleja JM, Gouws E, Ghys PD. National population-based HIV prevalence surveys in sub-Saharan Africa: Results and implications for HIV and AIDS estimates. Sex Transm Infect. 2006; 82 Suppl 3(Suppl 3): iii64–iii70. DOI: 10.1136/sti.2006.019901
- 23Mosha MR, Aluko OS, Todd J, Machekano R, Young T. Analytical methods used in estimating the prevalence of HIV/AIDS from demographic and cross-sectional surveys with missing data: A systematic review. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2020; 20: 65. DOI: 10.1186/s12874-020-00944-w
- 24Awofala AA, Ogundele OE. HIV epidemiology in Nigeria. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2018; 25(4): 697–703. DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.03.006
- 25Erhabor O, Mohammad SY, Bello L, et al. Prevalence of some hepatitis B virus markers among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Specialist Hospital Sokoto Nigeria [published online ahead of print, 2020 Apr 17]. Hum Antibodies. 2020. DOI: 10.3233/HAB-200412
- 26Mustapha GU, Ibrahim A, Balogun MS, Umeokonkwo CD, Mamman AI. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus among antenatal clinic attendees in Gamawa Local Government Area, Bauchi State, Nigeria. BMC Infect Dis. 2020; 20(1): 194. Published March 6, 2020. DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-4863-9
- 27Omatola CA, Onoja BA, Agama J. Detection of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen among Febrile Patients in Ankpa, Kogi State, Nigeria. J Trop Med. 2020;
5136785 . Published February 11, 2020. DOI: 10.1155/2020/5136785 - 28Malu AO, Achinge GI, Utoo PM, Kur JT, Obekpa SA. Prevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen and Antibodies to Hepatitis C in the General Population of Benue State, Central Nigeria. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2020; 102(5): 995–1000. DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0649
- 29Okafor EN, Okonkwo IN, Ugonabo MC, Chukwukelu EE, Odurukwe OU, Osiri SN. Emerging risk factors associated with prevalence of hepatitis c virus infection among Nigerians: Findings from blood donors in an academic hospital, Enugu South-Eastern Nigeria. Int J Clin Pract. 2020; 74(3): e13460. DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13460
- 30Ibrahim IN, Mamman AI, Balogun MS, et al. Towards 2030 Target for Hepatitis B and C Viruses Elimination: Assessing the Validity of Predonation Rapid Diagnostic Tests versus Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay in State Hospitals in Kaduna, Nigeria. Niger Med J. 2019; 60(3): 161–164. DOI: 10.4103/nmj.NMJ_93_18
- 31Damola AB, Adeniji JA, Bakarey AS. Hepatitis C virus seropositivity and the risk factors for transmission among blood donors in some selected centers in Lagos State, Southwest Nigeria. J Immunoassay Immunochem. 2019; 40(5): 528–539. DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2019.1647853
- 32World Health Organization. New Hepatitis Data Highlight Need for Urgent Global Response. WHO AFRO; 2017.
https://www.afro.who.int/news/new-hepatitis-data-highlight-need-urgent-global-response . Accessed August 23, 2020. - 33Barakat S, Chard M, Jacoby T, Lume W. The Composite Approach: Research Design in the Context of War and Armed Conflict. Third World Quarterly. 2002; 23: 991–1003. DOI: 10.1080/0143659022000028530
