References
- Hall V, Thomsen RW, Henriksen O, Lohse N. Diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa 1999–2011: Epidemiology and public health implications. A systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2011; 11: 564. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-564
- Pastakia SD, Pekny CR, Manyara SM, Fischer L. Diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa – From policy to practice to progress: Targeting the existing gaps for future care for diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2017; 10: 247–63. DOI: 10.2147/DMSO.S126314
- Atun R, Davies JI, Gale EAM, et al. Diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa: From clinical care to health policy. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017; 5: 622–67. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(17)30181-X
- Jeon CY, Murray MB. Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of active tuberculosis: A systematic review of 13 observational studies. PLoS Med. 2008; 5:
e152 . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050152 - Pearson-Stuttard J, Blundell S, Harris T, Cook DG, Critchley J. Diabetes and infection: Assessing the association with glycaemic control in population-based studies. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2016; 4: 148–58. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(15)00379-4
- Majaliwa ES, Munubhi E, Ramaiya K, et al. Survey on acute and chronic complications in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes at Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Diabetes Care. 2007; 30: 2187–92. DOI: 10.2337/dc07-0594
- Mukama LJ, Moran A, Nyindo M, Philemon R, Msuya L. Improved glycemic control and acute complications among children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Moshi, Tanzania. Pediatr Diabetes. 2013; 14: 211–6. DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12005
- Piloya-Were T, Sunni M, Ogle GD, Moran A. Childhood diabetes in Africa. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2016; 23: 306–11. DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000262
- Beran D, Yudkin JS, de Courten M. Access to care for patients with insulin-requiring diabetes in developing countries: Case studies of Mozambique and Zambia. Diabetes Care. 2005; 28: 2136–40. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.28.9.2136
- Zimmet P, Alberti KGMM, Shaw J. Global and societal implications of the diabetes epidemic. Nature. 2001; 414: 782–7. DOI: 10.1038/414782a
- Kayange NM, Smart LR, Tallman JE, et al. Kidney disease among children in sub-Saharan Africa: Systematic review. Pediatr Res. 2015; 77: 272–81. DOI: 10.1038/pr.2014.189
- World Health Organization. BMI for Age 5–19 Years. 2007.
http://www.who.int/growthref/who2007_bmi_for_age/en/ . Accessed Oct 1, 2018. - National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2004; 114(2 Suppl 4th Report): 555–76.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15286277 . DOI: 10.1542/peds.114.2.S2.555 - Kasiske B. KDIGO 2012 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int Supp. 2013; 3(1).
http://www.kdigo.org/clinical_practice_guidelines/pdf/CKD/KDIG . - Marshall SL, Edidin DV, Arena VC, et al. Glucose control in Rwandan youth with type 1 diabetes following establishment of systematic, HbA1c based, care and education. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2015; 107: 113–22. DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2014.09.045
- Donaghue KC, Marcovecchio ML, Wadwa RP, et al. ISPAD clinical practice consensus guidelines 2018: Microvascular and macrovascular complications in children and adolescents. Pediatr Diabetes. 2018; 19(Suppl 2): 262–74. DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12742
- Samahy, MH El, Elbarbary NS, Elmorsi HM. Current status of diabetes management, glycemic control and complications in children and adolescents with diabetes in Egypt. Where do we stand now? And where do we go from here? Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2015; 107: 370–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2015.01.004
- Shibeshi MS, Fantahun B, Kebede T, Tilahun B. Pediatric diabetic retinopathy: Experience of a tertiary hospital in Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes. 2016; 9: 116. DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-1941-6
- Lutale JJK, Thordarson H, Abbas ZG, Vetvik K. Microalbuminuria among Type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients of African origin in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. BMC Nephrol. 2007; 8: 2. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2369-8-2
- Cheneke W, Suleman S, Yemane T, Abebe G. Assessment of glycemic control using glycated hemoglobin among diabetic patients in Jimma University specialized hospital, Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes. 2016; 9: 96. DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-1921-x
- Greene D, Brown MJ, Pfeifer M, et al. Factors in development of diabetic neuropathy. Baseline analysis of neuropathy in feasibility phase of Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT). The DCCT Research Group. Diabetes. 1988; 37: 476–81.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2897940 . DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.37.4.476 - Noubiap JJN, Naidoo J, Kengne AP. Diabetic nephropathy in Africa: A systematic review. World J Diabetes. 2015; 6: 759–73. DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i5.759
- Kayange NM, Smart LR, Downs JA, Maskini M, Fitzgerald DW, Peck RN. The influence of HIV and schistosomiasis on renal function: A cross-sectional study among children at a hospital in Tanzania. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015; 9:
e0003472 . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003472 - Eppens MC, Craig ME, Cusumano J, et al. Prevalence of diabetes complications in adolescents with type 2 compared with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2006; 29: 1300–6. DOI: 10.2337/dc05-2470
- Demirel F, Tepe D, Kara O, Esen I. Microvascular complications in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2013; 5: 145–9. DOI: 10.4274/Jcrpe.994
- Yau JWY, Rogers SL, Kawasaki R, et al. Global prevalence and major risk factors of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care. 2012; 35: 556–64. DOI: 10.2337/dc11-1909
- Janmohamed MN, Kalluvya SE, Mueller A, et al. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in diabetic adult out-patients in Tanzania. BMC Nephrol; 2013. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2369-14-183
