Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Inhibition of G-Protein βγ Signaling Decreases Levels of Messenger RNAs Encoding Proinflammatory Cytokines in T Cell Receptor-Stimulated CD4+ T Helper Cells Cover

Inhibition of G-Protein βγ Signaling Decreases Levels of Messenger RNAs Encoding Proinflammatory Cytokines in T Cell Receptor-Stimulated CD4+ T Helper Cells

Open Access
|Jul 2015

References

  1. Yost EA Hynes TR Hartle CM Ott BJ Berlot CH Inhibition of G-Protein betagamma Signaling Enhances T Cell Receptor-Stimulated Interleukin 2 Transcription in CD4+ T Helper Cells PLoS One 2015 10 1 e0116575 10.1371/journal.pone.0116575 Epub 2015/01/30. PubMed PMID: 25629163
  2. Matsuoka K Koreth J Kim HT Bascug G McDonough S Kawano Y Low-dose interleukin-2 therapy restores regulatory T cell homeostasis in patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease Science translational medicine 2013 5 179 179ra43 10.1126/scitranslmed.3005265 Epub 2013/04/05. PubMed PMID: 23552371
  3. Saadoun D Rosenzwajg M Joly F Six A Carrat F Thibault V Regulatory T-cell responses to low-dose interleukin-2 in HCV-induced vasculitis N Engl J Med 2011 365 22 2067 77 10.1056/NEJMoa1105143 Epub 2011/12/02. PubMed PMID: 22129253
  4. Liao W Lin JX Wang L Li P Leonard WJ Modulation of cytokine receptors by IL-2 broadly regulates differentiation into helper T cell lineages Nat Immunol 2011 12 6 551 9 10.1038/ni.2030 Epub 2011/04/26. PubMed PMID: 21516110; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3304099
  5. Liao W Lin JX Leonard WJ IL-2 family cytokines: new insights into the complex roles of IL-2 as a broad regulator of T helper cell differentiation Curr Opin Immunol 2011 23 5 598 604 10.1016/j.coi.2011.08.003 Epub 2011/09/06. PubMed PMID: 21889323; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3405730
  6. Boyman O Sprent J The role of interleukin-2 during homeostasis and activation of the immune system Nat Rev Immunol 2012 12 3 180 90 10.1038/nri3156 Epub 2012/02/22. PubMed PMID: 22343569
  7. Kidd P Th1/Th2 balance: the hypothesis, its limitations, and implications for health and disease Alternative medicine review : a journal of clinical therapeutic 2003 8 3 223 46 Epub 2003/08/30. PubMed PMID: 12946237
  8. Steinman L A brief history of T(H)17, the first major revision in the T(H)1/T(H)2 hypothesis of T cell-mediated tissue damage Nat Med 2007 13 2 139 45 10.1038/nm1551 Epub 2007/02/10. PubMed PMID: 17290272
  9. Dubin PJ Kolls JK Interleukin-17A and interleukin-17F: a tale of two cytokines Immunity 2009 30 1 9 11 10.1016/j.immuni.2008.12.010 Epub 2009/01/16. PubMed PMID: 19144313
  10. Liu R Zhou Q La Cava A Campagnolo DI Van Kaer L Shi FD Expansion of regulatory T cells via IL-2/anti-IL-2 mAb complexes suppresses experimental myasthenia Eur J Immunol 2010 40 6 1577 89 10.1002/eji.200939792 Epub 2010/03/31. PubMed PMID: 20352624; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3600978
  11. Dooms H Abbas AK Revisiting the role of IL-2 in autoimmunity Eur J Immunol 2010 40 6 1538 40 10.1002/eji.201040617 Epub 2010/05/12. PubMed PMID: 20458706
  12. Yang XP Ghoreschi K Steward-Tharp SM Rodriguez-Canales J Zhu J Grainger JR Opposing regulation of the locus encoding IL-17 through direct, reciprocal actions of STAT3 and STAT5 Nat Immunol 2011 12 3 247 54 10.1038/ni.1995 Epub 2011/02/01. PubMed PMID: 21278738; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3182404
  13. Laurence A Tato CM Davidson TS Kanno Y Chen Z Yao Z Interleukin-2 signaling via STAT5 constrains T helper 17 cell generation Immunity 2007 26 3 371 81 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.02.009 Epub 2007/03/17. PubMed PMID: 17363300
  14. Chen Q Muramoto K Masaaki N Ding Y Yang H Mackey M A novel antagonist of the prostaglandin E(2) EP(4) receptor inhibits Th1 differentiation and Th17 expansion and is orally active in arthritis models Br J Pharmacol 2010 160 2 292 310 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00647.x Epub 2010/04/29. PubMed PMID: 20423341; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2874852
  15. Yao C Hirata T Soontrapa K Ma X Takemori H Narumiya S Prostaglandin E(2) promotes Th1 differentiation via synergistic amplification of IL-12 signalling by cAMP and PI3-kinase Nature communications 2013 4 1685 10.1038/ncomms2684 Epub 2013/04/12. PubMed PMID: 23575689; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3644078
  16. Ma RZ Gao J Meeker ND Fillmore PD Tung KS Watanabe T Identification of Bphs, an autoimmune disease locus, as histamine receptor H1 Science 2002 297 5581 620 3 10.1126/science.1072810 Epub 2002/07/27. PubMed PMID: 12142541
  17. Izikson L Klein RS Charo IF Weiner HL Luster AD Resistance to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice lacking the CC chemokine receptor (CCR)2 J Exp Med 2000 192 7 1075 80 Epub 2000/10/04. PubMed PMID: 11015448; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2193310
  18. Loetscher P Uguccioni M Bordoli L Baggiolini M Moser B Chizzolini C CCR5 is characteristic of Th1 lymphocytes Nature 1998 391 6665 344 5 10.1038/34812 Epub 1998/02/05. PubMed PMID: 9450746
  19. Muntinghe FL Verduijn M Zuurman MW Grootendorst DC Carrero JJ Qureshi AR CCR5 deletion protects against inflammation-associated mortality in dialysis patients J Am Soc Nephrol 2009 20 7 1641 9 10.1681/ASN.2008040432 Epub 2009/04/25. PubMed PMID: 19389855; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2709675
  20. Bogunia-Kubik K Duda D Suchnicki K Lange A CCR5 deletion mutation and its association with the risk of developing acute graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Haematologica 2006 91 12 1628 34 Epub 2006/12/06. PubMed PMID: 17145599
  21. Hasegawa H Inoue A Kohno M Muraoka M Miyazaki T Terada M Antagonist of interferon-inducible protein 10/CXCL10 ameliorates the progression of autoimmune sialadenitis in MRL/lpr mice Arthritis Rheum 2006 54 4 1174 83 10.1002/art.21745 Epub 2006/04/01. PubMed PMID: 16575871
  22. Li X Murray F Koide N Goldstone J Dann SM Chen J Divergent requirement for Galphas and cAMP in the differentiation and inflammatory profile of distinct mouse Th subsets J Clin Invest 2012 122 3 963 73 10.1172/JCI59097 Epub 2012/02/14. PubMed PMID: 22326954; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3287220
  23. Ngai J Methi T Andressen KW Levy FO Torgersen KM Vang T The heterotrimeric G-protein alpha-subunit Galphaq regulates TCR-mediated immune responses through an Lck-dependent pathway Eur J Immunol 2008 38 11 3208 18 PubMed PMID: 18991294
  24. Rudolph U Finegold MJ Rich SS Harriman GR Srinivasan Y Brabet P Ulcerative colitis and adenocarcinoma of the colon in G alpha i2- deficient mice Nat Genet 1995 10 2 143 50
  25. Huang TT Zong Y Dalwadi H Chung C Miceli MC Spicher K TCR-mediated hyper-responsiveness of autoimmune Galphai2(-/-) mice is an intrinsic naive CD4(+) T cell disorder selective for the Galphai2 subunit Int Immunol 2003 15 11 1359 67 PubMed PMID: 14565934
  26. Hwang IY Park C Kehrl JH Impaired trafficking of Gnai2+/- and Gnai2-/- T lymphocytes: implications for T cell movement within lymph nodes J Immunol 2007 179 1 439 48 Epub 2007/06/21. PubMed PMID: 17579064
  27. Bonacci TM Mathews JL Yuan C Lehmann DM Malik S Wu D Differential targeting of Gbetagamma-subunit signaling with small molecules Science 2006 312 5772 443 6 PubMed PMID: 16627746
  28. Lehmann DM Seneviratne AM Smrcka AV Small molecule disruption of G protein beta gamma subunit signaling inhibits neutrophil chemotaxis and inflammation Mol Pharmacol 2008 73 2 410 8 PubMed PMID: 18006643
  29. Casey LM Pistner AR Belmonte SL Migdalovich D Stolpnik O Nwakanma FE Small molecule disruption of G beta gamma signaling inhibits the progression of heart failure Circ Res 2010 107 4 532 9 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.217075 Epub 2010/06/26. PubMed PMID: 20576935; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2924955
  30. Krumins AM Gilman AG Targeted Knockdown of G Protein Subunits Selectively Prevents Receptor-mediated Modulation of Effectors and Reveals Complex Changes in Non-targeted Signaling Proteins J Biol Chem 2006 281 15 10250 62 PubMed PMID: 16446365
  31. Cote-Sierra J Foucras G Guo L Chiodetti L Young HA Hu-Li J Interleukin 2 plays a central role in Th2 differentiation Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004 101 11 3880 5 10.1073/pnas.0400339101 Epub 2004/03/09. PubMed PMID: 15004274; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC374338
  32. Gardner PJ Joshi L Lee RW Dick AD Adamson P Calder VL SIRT1 activation protects against autoimmune T cell-driven retinal disease in mice via inhibition of IL-2/Stat5 signaling J Autoimmun 2013 42 117 29 10.1016/j.jaut.2013.01.011 Epub 2013/02/12. PubMed PMID: 23395551
  33. Ye J Young HA Negative regulation of cytokine gene transcription Faseb J 1997 11 11 825 33 Epub 1997/09/01. PubMed PMID: 9285480
  34. Agarwal S Rao A Modulation of chromatin structure regulates cytokine gene expression during T cell differentiation Immunity 1998 9 6 765 75 Epub 1999/01/09. PubMed PMID: 9881967
  35. Shannon MF Coles LS Attema J Diamond P The role of architectural transcription factors in cytokine gene transcription J Leukoc Biol 2001 69 1 21 32 Epub 2001/02/24. PubMed PMID: 11200063
  36. Holloway AF Rao S Shannon MF Regulation of cytokine gene transcription in the immune system Mol Immunol 2002 38 8 567 80 Epub 2002/01/17. PubMed PMID: 11792425
  37. Medzhitov R Horng T Transcriptional control of the inflammatory response Nat Rev Immunol 2009 9 10 692 703 10.1038/nri2634 Epub 2009/10/28. PubMed PMID: 19859064
  38. Smale ST Selective transcription in response to an inflammatory stimulus Cell 2010 140 6 833 44 10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.037 Epub 2010/03/23. PubMed PMID: 20303874; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2847629
  39. Schulze-Koops H Lipsky PE Kavanaugh AF Davis LS Elevated Th1- or Th0-like cytokine mRNA in peripheral circulation of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Modulation by treatment with anti-ICAM-1 correlates with clinical benefit J Immunol 1995 155 10 5029 37 Epub 1995/11/15. PubMed PMID: 7594511
  40. El-Ghrably IA Dua HS Orr GM Fischer D Tighe PJ Intravitreal invading cells contribute to vitreal cytokine milieu in proliferative vitreoretinopathy The British journal of ophthalmology 2001 85 4 461 70 Epub 2001/03/27. PubMed PMID: 11264138; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1723908
  41. Koenders MI Lubberts E Oppers-Walgreen B van den Bersselaar L Helsen MM Di Padova FE Blocking of interleukin-17 during reactivation of experimental arthritis prevents joint inflammation and bone erosion by decreasing RANKL and interleukin-1 The American journal of pathology 2005 167 1 141 9 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)62961-6 Epub 2005/06/24. PubMed PMID: 15972960; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1603454
  42. Humbert M Durham SR Ying S Kimmitt P Barkans J Assoufi B IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA and protein in bronchial biopsies from patients with atopic and nonatopic asthma: evidence against “intrinsic” asthma being a distinct immunopathologic entity American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 1996 154 5 1497 504 10.1164/ajrccm.154.5.8912771 Epub 1996/11/01. PubMed PMID: 8912771
  43. Ying S Meng Q Barata LT Robinson DS Durham SR Kay AB Associations between IL-13 and IL-4 (mRNA and protein), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression, and the infiltration of eosinophils, macrophages, and T cells in allergen-induced late-phase cutaneous reactions in atopic subjects J Immunol 1997 158 10 5050 7 Epub 1997/05/15. PubMed PMID: 9144526
  44. Lighvani AA Frucht DM Jankovic D Yamane H Aliberti J Hissong BD T-bet is rapidly induced by interferon-gamma in lymphoid and myeloid cells Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001 98 26 15137 42 10.1073/pnas.261570598 Epub 2001/12/26. PubMed PMID: 11752460; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC64996
  45. Seneviratne AM Burroughs M Giralt E Smrcka AV Direct-reversible binding of small molecules to G protein betagamma subunits Biochim Biophys Acta 2011 1814 9 1210 8 10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.05.010 Epub 2011/05/31. PubMed PMID: 21621014; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3140432
  46. Becher B Giacomini PS Pelletier D McCrea E Prat A Antel JP Interferon-gamma secretion by peripheral blood T-cell subsets in multiple sclerosis: correlation with disease phase and interferon-beta therapy Annals of neurology 1999 45 2 247 50 Epub 1999/02/16. PubMed PMID: 9989628
  47. Skurkovich S Boiko A Beliaeva I Buglak A Alekseeva T Smirnova N Randomized study of antibodies to IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis Mult Scler 2001 7 5 277 84 Epub 2001/11/29. PubMed PMID: 11724442
  48. Parronchi P Romagnani P Annunziato F Sampognaro S Becchio A Giannarini L Type 1 T-helper cell predominance and interleukin-12 expression in the gut of patients with Crohn’s disease The American journal of pathology 1997 150 3 823 32 Epub 1997/03/01. PubMed PMID: 9060820; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1857889
  49. Mazziotti G Sorvillo F Naclerio C Farzati A Cioffi M Perna R Type-1 response in peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis European journal of endocrinology / European Federation of Endocrine Societies 2003 148 4 383 8 Epub 2003/03/27. PubMed PMID: 12656657
  50. Phenekos C Vryonidou A Gritzapis AD Baxevanis CN Goula M Papamichail M Th1 and Th2 serum cytokine profiles characterize patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (Th1) and Graves’ disease (Th2) Neuroimmunomodulation 2004 11 4 209 13 10.1159/000078438 Epub 2004/07/14. PubMed PMID: 15249726
  51. Annunziato F Cosmi L Santarlasci V Maggi L Liotta F Mazzinghi B Phenotypic and functional features of human Th17 cells J Exp Med 2007 204 8 1849 61 10.1084/jem.20070663 Epub 2007/07/20. PubMed PMID: 17635957; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2118657
  52. Acosta-Rodriguez EV Rivino L Geginat J Jarrossay D Gattorno M Lanzavecchia A Surface phenotype and antigenic specificity of human interleukin 17-producing T helper memory cells Nat Immunol 2007 8 6 639 46 10.1038/ni1467 Epub 2007/05/09. PubMed PMID: 17486092
  53. Shen H Goodall JC Hill Gaston JS Frequency and phenotype of peripheral blood Th17 cells in ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis Arthritis Rheum 2009 60 6 1647 56 10.1002/art.24568 Epub 2009/05/30. PubMed PMID: 19479869
  54. Kebir H Ifergan I Alvarez JI Bernard M Poirier J Arbour N Preferential recruitment of interferon-gamma-expressing TH17 cells in multiple sclerosis Annals of neurology 2009 66 3 390 402 10.1002/ana.21748 Epub 2009/10/08. PubMed PMID: 19810097
  55. Ishigame H Kakuta S Nagai T Kadoki M Nambu A Komiyama Y Differential roles of interleukin-17A and -17F in host defense against mucoepithelial bacterial infection and allergic responses Immunity 2009 30 1 108 19 10.1016/j.immuni.2008.11.009 Epub 2009/01/16. PubMed PMID: 19144317
  56. Fossiez F Djossou O Chomarat P Flores-Romo L Ait-Yahia S Maat C T cell interleukin-17 induces stromal cells to produce proinflammatory and hematopoietic cytokines J Exp Med 1996 183 6 2593 603 Epub 1996/06/01. PubMed PMID: 8676080; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2192621
  57. Rosu A Margaritescu C Stepan A Musetescu A Ene M IL-17 patterns in synovium, serum and synovial fluid from treatment-naive, early rheumatoid arthritis patients Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie 2012 53 1 73 80 Epub 2012/03/08. PubMed PMID: 22395503
  58. van Hamburg JP Asmawidjaja PS Davelaar N Mus AM Colin EM Hazes JM Th17 cells, but not Th1 cells, from patients with early rheumatoid arthritis are potent inducers of matrix metalloproteinases and proinflammatory cytokines upon synovial fibroblast interaction, including autocrine interleukin-17A production Arthritis Rheum 2011 63 1 73 83 10.1002/art.30093 Epub 2010/10/19. PubMed PMID: 20954258
  59. Matusevicius D Kivisakk P He B Kostulas N Ozenci V Fredrikson S Interleukin-17 mRNA expression in blood and CSF mononuclear cells is augmented in multiple sclerosis Mult Scler 1999 5 2 101 4 Epub 1999/05/21. PubMed PMID: 10335518
  60. Villarino AV Tato CM Stumhofer JS Yao Z Cui YK Hennighausen L Helper T cell IL-2 production is limited by negative feedback and STAT-dependent cytokine signals J Exp Med 2007 204 1 65 71 10.1084/jem.20061198 Epub 2007/01/18. PubMed PMID: 17227909; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2118423
  61. Sojka DK Bruniquel D Schwartz RH Singh NJ IL-2 secretion by CD4+ T cells in vivo is rapid, transient, and influenced by TCR-specific competition J Immunol 2004 172 10 6136 43 Epub 2004/05/07. PubMed PMID: 15128800
  62. Fan J Nishanian P Breen EC McDonald M Fahey JL Cytokine gene expression in normal human lymphocytes in response to stimulation Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology 1998 5 3 335 40 Epub 1998/05/30. PubMed PMID: 9605988; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC104521
  63. Wang X Mosmann T In vivo priming of CD4 T cells that produce interleukin (IL)-2 but not IL-4 or interferon (IFN)-gamma, and can subsequently differentiate into IL-4- or IFN-gamma-secreting cells J Exp Med 2001 194 8 1069 80 Epub 2001/10/17. PubMed PMID: 11602637; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2193514
  64. Villarino AV Stumhofer JS Saris CJ Kastelein RA de Sauvage FJ Hunter CA IL-27 limits IL-2 production during Th1 differentiation J Immunol 2006 176 1 237 47 Epub 2005/12/21. PubMed PMID: 16365415
  65. Ahn HJ Maruo S Tomura M Mu J Hamaoka T Nakanishi K A mechanism underlying synergy between IL-12 and IFN-gamma-inducing factor in enhanced production of IFN-gamma J Immunol 1997 159 5 2125 31 Epub 1997/09/01. PubMed PMID: 9278298
  66. Kohno K Kataoka J Ohtsuki T Suemoto Y Okamoto I Usui M IFN-gamma-inducing factor (IGIF) is a costimulatory factor on the activation of Th1 but not Th2 cells and exerts its effect independently of IL-12 J Immunol 1997 158 4 1541 50 Epub 1997/02/15. PubMed PMID: 9029088
  67. Robinson D Shibuya K Mui A Zonin F Murphy E Sana T IGIF does not drive Th1 development but synergizes with IL-12 for interferon-gamma production and activates IRAK and NFkappaB Immunity 1997 7 4 571 81 Epub 1997/11/14. PubMed PMID: 9354477
  68. Nakahira M Tomura M Iwasaki M Ahn HJ Bian Y Hamaoka T An absolute requirement for STAT4 and a role for IFN-gamma as an amplifying factor in IL-12 induction of the functional IL-18 receptor complex J Immunol 2001 167 3 1306 12 Epub 2001/07/24. PubMed PMID: 11466347
  69. Mathur AN Chang HC Zisoulis DG Stritesky GL Yu Q O’Malley JT Stat3 and Stat4 direct development of IL-17-secreting Th cells J Immunol 2007 178 8 4901 7 Epub 2007/04/04. PubMed PMID: 17404271
  70. Chung DR Kasper DL Panzo RJ Chitnis T Grusby MJ Sayegh MH CD4+ T cells mediate abscess formation in intra-abdominal sepsis by an IL-17-dependent mechanism J Immunol 2003 170 4 1958 63 Epub 2003/02/08. PubMed PMID: 12574364
  71. Wei L Vahedi G Sun HW Watford WT Takatori H Ramos HL Discrete roles of STAT4 and STAT6 transcription factors in tuning epigenetic modifications and transcription during T helper cell differentiation Immunity 2010 32 6 840 51 10.1016/j.immuni.2010.06.003 Epub 2010/07/14. PubMed PMID: 20620946; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2904651
  72. Good SR Thieu VT Mathur AN Yu Q Stritesky GL Yeh N Temporal induction pattern of STAT4 target genes defines potential for Th1 lineage-specific programming J Immunol 2009 183 6 3839 47 10.4049/jimmunol.0901411 Epub 2009/08/28. PubMed PMID: 19710469; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2748807
  73. Puren AJ Fantuzzi G Dinarello CA Gene expression, synthesis, and secretion of interleukin 18 and interleukin 1beta are differentially regulated in human blood mononuclear cells and mouse spleen cells Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999 96 5 2256 61 Epub 1999/03/03. PubMed PMID: 10051628; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC26770
  74. Nakanishi K Yoshimoto T Tsutsui H Okamura H Interleukin-18 is a unique cytokine that stimulates both Th1 and Th2 responses depending on its cytokine milieu Cytokine & growth factor reviews 2001 12 1 53 72 Epub 2001/04/20. PubMed PMID: 11312119
  75. Weaver CT Harrington LE Mangan PR Gavrieli M Murphy KM Th17: an effector CD4 T cell lineage with regulatory T cell ties Immunity 2006 24 6 677 88 10.1016/j.immuni.2006.06.002 Epub 2006/06/20. PubMed PMID: 16782025
  76. Watford WT Hissong BD Durant LR Yamane H Muul LM Kanno Y Tpl2 kinase regulates T cell interferon-gamma production and host resistance to Toxoplasma gondii J Exp Med 2008 205 12 2803 12 10.1084/jem.20081461 Epub 2008/11/13. PubMed PMID: 19001140; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2585846
  77. Annunziato F Manetti R Tomasevic I Guidizi MG Biagiotti R Gianno V Expression and release of LAG-3-encoded protein by human CD4+ T cells are associated with IFN-gamma production Faseb J 1996 10 7 769 76 Epub 1996/05/01. PubMed PMID: 8635694
  78. Medley QG Kedersha N O’Brien S Tian Q Schlossman SF Streuli M Characterization of GMP-17, a granule membrane protein that moves to the plasma membrane of natural killer cells following target cell recognition Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996 93 2 685 9 Epub 1996/01/23. PubMed PMID: 8570616; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC40113
  79. Zaunders JJ Dyer WB Wang B Munier ML Miranda-Saksena M Newton R Identification of circulating antigen-specific CD4+ T lymphocytes with a CCR5+, cytotoxic phenotype in an HIV-1 long-term nonprogressor and in CMV infection Blood 2004 103 6 2238 47 10.1182/blood-2003-08-2765 Epub 2003/12/03. PubMed PMID: 14645006
  80. Eva MM Yuki KE Dauphinee SM Schwartzentruber JA Pyzik M Paquet M Altered IFN-gamma-mediated immunity and transcriptional expression patterns in N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced STAT4 mutants confer susceptibility to acute typhoid-like disease J Immunol 2014 192 1 259 70 10.4049/jimmunol.1301370 Epub 2013/11/29. PubMed PMID: 24285835
  81. Jenner RG Townsend MJ Jackson I Sun K Bouwman RD Young RA The transcription factors T-bet and GATA-3 control alternative pathways of T-cell differentiation through a shared set of target genes Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009 106 42 17876 81 10.1073/pnas.0909357106 Epub 2009/10/07. PubMed PMID: 19805038; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2764903
  82. Broxmeyer HE Bruns HA Zhang S Cooper S Hangoc G McKenzie AN Th1 cells regulate hematopoietic progenitor cell homeostasis by production of oncostatin M Immunity 2002 16 6 815 25 Epub 2002/07/18. PubMed PMID: 12121663
  83. Rogge L Bianchi E Biffi M Bono E Chang SY Alexander H Transcript imaging of the development of human T helper cells using oligonucleotide arrays Nat Genet 2000 25 1 96 101 10.1038/75671 Epub 2000/05/10. PubMed PMID: 10802665
  84. Koshy PJ Henderson N Logan C Life PF Cawston TE Rowan AD Interleukin 17 induces cartilage collagen breakdown: novel synergistic effects in combination with proinflammatory cytokines Ann Rheum Dis 2002 61 8 704 13 Epub 2002/07/16. PubMed PMID: 12117676; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1754191
  85. Moran EM Mullan R McCormick J Connolly M Sullivan O Fitzgerald O Human rheumatoid arthritis tissue production of IL-17A drives matrix and cartilage degradation: synergy with tumour necrosis factor-alpha, Oncostatin M and response to biologic therapies Arthritis Res Ther 2009 11 4 R113 10.1186/ar2772 Epub 2009/07/25. PubMed PMID: 19627579; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2745795
  86. Guilloteau K Paris I Pedretti N Boniface K Juchaux F Huguier V Skin Inflammation Induced by the Synergistic Action of IL-17A, IL-22, Oncostatin M, IL-1{alpha}, and TNF-{alpha} Recapitulates Some Features of Psoriasis J Immunol 2010 10.4049/jimmunol.0902464 Epub 2010/03/26. PubMed PMID: 20335534
  87. Glimcher LH Murphy KM Lineage commitment in the immune system: the T helper lymphocyte grows up Genes Dev 2000 14 14 1693 711 PubMed PMID: 10898785
  88. Kopf M Le Gros G Bachmann M Lamers MC Bluethmann H Kohler G Disruption of the murine IL-4 gene blocks Th2 cytokine responses Nature 1993 362 6417 245 8 PubMed PMID: 8384701
  89. Elo LL Jarvenpaa H Tuomela S Raghav S Ahlfors H Laurila K Genome-wide profiling of interleukin-4 and STAT6 transcription factor regulation of human Th2 cell programming Immunity 2010 32 6 852 62 10.1016/j.immuni.2010.06.011 Epub 2010/07/14. PubMed PMID: 20620947
  90. Bohjanen PR Okajima M Hodes RJ Differential regulation of interleukin 4 and interleukin 5 gene expression: a comparison of T-cell gene induction by anti-CD3 antibody or by exogenous lymphokines Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990 87 14 5283 7 Epub 1990/07/01. PubMed PMID: 2142529; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC54307
  91. Gessner A Blum H Rollinghoff M Differential regulation of IL-9-expression after infection with Leishmania major in susceptible and resistant mice Immunobiology 1993 189 5 419 35 10.1016/S0171-2985(11)80414-6 Epub 1993/12/01. PubMed PMID: 8125519
  92. Hauber HP Bergeron C Hamid Q IL-9 in allergic inflammation Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2004 134 1 79 87 10.1159/000078384 Epub 2004/05/11. PubMed PMID: 15133304
  93. Noelle RJ Nowak EC Cellular sources and immune functions of interleukin-9 Nat Rev Immunol 2010 10 10 683 7 10.1038/nri2848 Epub 2010/09/18. PubMed PMID: 20847745; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3828627
  94. Zhu K Ye J Wu M Cheng H Expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokine-associated transcription factors, T-bet and GATA-3, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and skin lesions of patients with psoriasis vulgaris Archives of dermatological research 2010 302 7 517 23 10.1007/s00403-010-1048-1 Epub 2010/03/25. PubMed PMID: 20333526
  95. Kretowski A Mysliwiec J Kinalska I In vitro interleukin-13 production by peripheral blood in patients with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and their first degree relatives Scandinavian journal of immunology 2000 51 3 321 5 Epub 2000/03/29. PubMed PMID: 10736103
  96. Jacobson NG Szabo SJ Weber-Nordt RM Zhong Z Schreiber RD Darnell JE Jr. Interleukin 12 signaling in T helper type 1 (Th1) cells involves tyrosine phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)3 and Stat4 J Exp Med 1995 181 5 1755 62 Epub 1995/05/01. PubMed PMID: 7722452; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2191986
  97. Kaplan MH Sun YL Hoey T Grusby MJ Impaired IL-12 responses and enhanced development of Th2 cells in Stat4-deficient mice Nature 1996 382 6587 174 7 10.1038/382174a0 Epub 1996/07/11. PubMed PMID: 8700209
  98. Watford WT Wang CC Tsatsanis C Mielke LA Eliopoulos AG Daskalakis C Ablation of tumor progression locus 2 promotes a type 2 Th cell response in Ovalbumin-immunized mice J Immunol 2010 184 1 105 13 10.4049/jimmunol.0803730 Epub 2009/12/04. PubMed PMID: 19955521; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3044327
  99. Kawaguchi M Adachi M Oda N Kokubu F Huang SK IL-17 cytokine family J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004 114 6 1265 73 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.10.019 quiz 74. Epub 2004/12/04. PubMed PMID: 15577820
  100. Thierfelder WE van Deursen JM Yamamoto K Tripp RA Sarawar SR Carson RT Requirement for Stat4 in interleukin-12-mediated responses of natural killer and T cells Nature 1996 382 6587 171 4 10.1038/382171a0 Epub 1996/07/11. PubMed PMID: 8700208
  101. Lin JX Leonard WJ The role of Stat5a and Stat5b in signaling by IL-2 family cytokines Oncogene 2000 19 21 2566 76 10.1038/sj.onc.1203523 Epub 2000/06/13. PubMed PMID: 10851055
  102. Liao W Schones DE Oh J Cui Y Cui K Roh TY Priming for T helper type 2 differentiation by interleukin 2-mediated induction of interleukin 4 receptor alpha-chain expression Nat Immunol 2008 9 11 1288 96 10.1038/ni.1656 Epub 2008/09/30. PubMed PMID: 18820682; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2762127
  103. Lin Y Smrcka AV Understanding molecular recognition by G protein betagamma subunits on the path to pharmacological targeting Mol Pharmacol 2011 80 4 551 7 10.1124/mol.111.073072 Epub 2011/07/09. PubMed PMID: 21737569; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3187535
  104. Zhang CH Lifshitz LM Uy KF Ikebe M Fogarty KE ZhuGe R The cellular and molecular basis of bitter tastant-induced bronchodilation PLoS biology 2013 11 3 e1001501 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001501 Epub 2013/03/09. PubMed PMID: 23472053; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3589262
  105. Badou A Jha MK Matza D Flavell RA Emerging roles of L-type voltage-gated and other calcium channels in T lymphocytes Frontiers in immunology 2013 4 243 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00243 Epub 2013/09/07. PubMed PMID: 24009608; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3757574
  106. Langhans-Rajasekaran SA Wan Y Huang XY Activation of Tsk and Btk tyrosine kinases by G protein beta gamma subunits Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995 92 19 8601 5 PubMed PMID: 7567982
  107. Fowell DJ Shinkai K Liao XC Beebe AM Coffman RL Littman DR Impaired NFATc translocation and failure of Th2 development in Itk-deficient CD4+ T cells Immunity 1999 11 4 399 409 Epub 1999/11/05. PubMed PMID: 10549622
  108. Miller AT Wilcox HM Lai Z Berg LJ Signaling through Itk promotes T helper 2 differentiation via negative regulation of T-bet Immunity 2004 21 1 67 80 10.1016/j.immuni.2004.06.009 Epub 2004/09/04. PubMed PMID: 15345221
  109. Kosaka Y Felices M Berg LJ Itk and Th2 responses: action but no reaction Trends Immunol 2006 27 10 453 60 10.1016/j.it.2006.08.006 Epub 2006/08/26. PubMed PMID: 16931156
  110. Sasaki T Irie-Sasaki J Jones RG Oliveira-dos-Santos AJ Stanford WL Bolon B Function of PI3Kgamma in thymocyte development, T cell activation, and neutrophil migration Science 2000 287 5455 1040 6 Epub 2000/02/11. PubMed PMID: 10669416
  111. Bergamini G Bell K Shimamura S Werner T Cansfield A Muller K A selective inhibitor reveals PI3Kgamma dependence of T(H)17 cell differentiation Nat Chem Biol 2012 8 6 576 82 10.1038/nchembio.957 Epub 2012/05/01. PubMed PMID: 22544264
  112. Berod L Heinemann C Heink S Escher A Stadelmann C Drube S PI3Kgamma deficiency delays the onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and ameliorates its clinical outcome Eur J Immunol 2011 41 3 833 44 10.1002/eji.201040504 Epub 2011/02/03. PubMed PMID: 21287545
  113. Ji H Rintelen F Waltzinger C Bertschy Meier D Bilancio A Pearce W Inactivation of PI3Kgamma and PI3Kdelta distorts T-cell development and causes multiple organ inflammation Blood 2007 110 8 2940 7 10.1182/blood-2007-04-086751 Epub 2007/07/14. PubMed PMID: 17626838
  114. Roller A Perino A Dapavo P Soro E Okkenhaug K Hirsch E Blockade of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase PI3Kdelta or PI3Kgamma reduces IL-17 and ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis J Immunol 2012 189 9 4612 20 10.4049/jimmunol.1103173 Epub 2012/10/02. PubMed PMID: 23024273
  115. Welch HC Coadwell WJ Ellson CD Ferguson GJ Andrews SR Erdjument-Bromage H P-Rex1, a PtdIns(3,4,5)P3- and Gbetagamma-regulated guanine-nucleotide exchange factor for Rac Cell 2002 108 6 809 21 Epub 2002/04/17. PubMed PMID: 11955434
  116. Zhao T Nalbant P Hoshino M Dong X Wu D Bokoch GM Signaling requirements for translocation of P-Rex1, a key Rac2 exchange factor involved in chemoattractant-stimulated human neutrophil function J Leukoc Biol 2007 81 4 1127 36 PubMed PMID: 17227822
  117. Li B Yu H Zheng W Voll R Na S Roberts AW Role of the guanosine triphosphatase Rac2 in T helper 1 cell differentiation Science 2000 288 5474 2219 22 Epub 2000/06/24. PubMed PMID: 10864872
  118. Croker BA Handman E Hayball JD Baldwin TM Voigt V Cluse LA Rac2-deficient mice display perturbed T-cell distribution and chemotaxis, but only minor abnormalities in T(H)1 responses Immunology and cell biology 2002 80 3 231 40 10.1046/j.1440-1711.2002.01077.x Epub 2002/06/18. PubMed PMID: 12067410
  119. Tanaka Y Hamano S Gotoh K Murata Y Kunisaki Y Nishikimi A T helper type 2 differentiation and intracellular trafficking of the interleukin 4 receptor-alpha subunit controlled by the Rac activator Dock2 Nat Immunol 2007 8 10 1067 75 10.1038/ni1506 Epub 2007/09/04. PubMed PMID: 17767160
  120. Kotturi MF Carlow DA Lee JC Ziltener HJ Jefferies WA Identification and functional characterization of voltage-dependent calcium channels in T lymphocytes J Biol Chem 2003 278 47 46949 60 10.1074/jbc.M309268200 Epub 2003/09/05. PubMed PMID: 12954628
  121. Boutin Y Leitenberg D Tao X Bottomly K Distinct biochemical signals characterize agonist- and altered peptide ligand-induced differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into Th1 and Th2 subsets J Immunol 1997 159 12 5802 9 Epub 1998/04/29. PubMed PMID: 9550376
  122. Noble A Truman JP Vyas B Vukmanovic-Stejic M Hirst WJ Kemeny DM The balance of protein kinase C and calcium signaling directs T cell subset development J Immunol 2000 164 4 1807 13 Epub 2000/02/05. PubMed PMID: 10657628
  123. Hodge MR Ranger AM Charles de la Brousse F, Hoey T, Grusby MJ, Glimcher LH. Hyperproliferation and dysregulation of IL-4 expression in NF-ATp-deficient mice Immunity 1996 4 4 397 405 Epub 1996/04/01. PubMed PMID: 8612134
  124. Xanthoudakis S Viola JP Shaw KT Luo C Wallace JD Bozza PT An enhanced immune response in mice lacking the transcription factor NFAT1 Science 1996 272 5263 892 5 Epub 1996/05/10. PubMed PMID: 8629027
  125. Kiani A Viola JP Lichtman AH Rao A Down-regulation of IL-4 gene transcription and control of Th2 cell differentiation by a mechanism involving NFAT1 Immunity 1997 7 6 849 60 Epub 1998/01/16. PubMed PMID: 9430230
  126. Park D Jhon DY Lee CW Lee KH Rhee SG Activation of phospholipase C isozymes by G protein beta gamma subunits J Biol Chem 1993 268 7 4573 6 Epub 1993/03/05. PubMed PMID: 8383116
  127. Berridge MJ Inositol trisphosphate and calcium signalling Nature 1993 361 6410 315 25 10.1038/361315a0 Epub 1993/01/28. PubMed PMID: 8381210
  128. Smith-Garvin JE Koretzky GA Jordan MS T cell activation Annu Rev Immunol 2009 27 591 619 10.1146/annurev.immunol.021908.132706 Epub 2009/01/10. PubMed PMID: 19132916; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2740335
  129. Bach TL Chen QM Kerr WT Wang Y Lian L Choi JK Phospholipase cbeta is critical for T cell chemotaxis J Immunol 2007 179 4 2223 7 Epub 2007/08/07. PubMed PMID: 17675482; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3228861
  130. Kawakami T Xiao W Phospholipase C-beta in immune cells Advances in biological regulation 2013 53 3 249 57 10.1016/j.jbior.2013.08.001 Epub 2013/08/29. PubMed PMID: 23981313
  131. Penn RB Pronin AN Benovic JL Regulation of G protein-coupled receptor kinases Trends in cardiovascular medicine 2000 10 2 81 9 Epub 2001/01/11. PubMed PMID: 11150735
  132. Lombardi MS Kavelaars A Schedlowski M Bijlsma JW Okihara KL Van de Pol M Decreased expression and activity of G-protein-coupled receptor kinases in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with rheumatoid arthritis Faseb J 1999 13 6 715 25 PubMed PMID: 10094932
  133. Giorelli M Livrea P Trojano M Post-receptorial mechanisms underlie functional disregulation of beta2-adrenergic receptors in lymphocytes from Multiple Sclerosis patients J Neuroimmunol 2004 155 1–2 143 9 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2004.05.013 Epub 2004/09/03. PubMed PMID: 15342205
  134. Vroon A Kavelaars A Limmroth V Lombardi MS Goebel MU Van Dam AM G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis J Immunol 2005 174 7 4400 6 Epub 2005/03/22. PubMed PMID: 15778405
  135. Sato K Kawasaki H Morimoto C Yamashima N Matsuyama T An abortive ligand-induced activation of CCR1-mediated downstream signaling event and a deficiency of CCR5 expression are associated with the hyporesponsiveness of human naive CD4+ T cells to CCL3 and CCL5 J Immunol 2002 168 12 6263 72 Epub 2002/06/11. PubMed PMID: 12055240
  136. Bonecchi R Bianchi G Bordignon PP D’Ambrosio D Lang R Borsatti A Differential expression of chemokine receptors and chemotactic responsiveness of type 1 T helper cells (Th1s) and Th2s J Exp Med 1998 187 1 129 34 Epub 1998/01/31. PubMed PMID: 9419219; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2199181
  137. Rabin RL Park MK Liao F Swofford R Stephany D Farber JM Chemokine receptor responses on T cells are achieved through regulation of both receptor expression and signaling J Immunol 1999 162 7 3840 50 Epub 1999/04/14. PubMed PMID: 10201901
  138. Kim Y Sung S Kuziel WA Feldman S Fu SM Rose CE Jr. Enhanced airway Th2 response after allergen challenge in mice deficient in CC chemokine receptor-2 (CCR2) J Immunol 2001 166 8 5183 92 Epub 2001/04/06. PubMed PMID: 11290802
  139. Boularan C Kehrl JH Implications of non-canonical G-protein signaling for the immune system Cell Signal 2014 26 6 1269 82 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.02.010 Epub 2014/03/04. PubMed PMID: 24583286
  140. Blumer JB Smrcka AV Lanier SM Mechanistic pathways and biological roles for receptor-independent activators of G-protein signaling Pharmacol Ther 2007 113 3 488 506 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2006.11.001 Epub 2007/01/24. PubMed PMID: 17240454; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1978177
  141. Annunziato F Cosmi L Liotta F Maggi E Romagnani S Type 17 T helper cells-origins, features and possible roles in rheumatic disease Nature reviews Rheumatology 2009 5 6 325 31 10.1038/nrrheum.2009.80 Epub 2009/05/13. PubMed PMID: 19434074
  142. Caprioli F Caruso R Sarra M Pallone F Monteleone G Disruption of inflammatory signals by cytokine-targeted therapies for inflammatory bowel diseases Br J Pharmacol 2012 165 4 820 8 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01614.x Epub 2011/08/03. PubMed PMID: 21806600; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3312480
  143. Brand S Crohn’s disease: Th1, Th17 or both? The change of a paradigm: new immunological and genetic insights implicate Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease Gut 2009 58 8 1152 67 10.1136/gut.2008.163667 Epub 2009/07/14. PubMed PMID: 19592695
  144. Quaglino P Bergallo M Ponti R Barberio E Cicchelli S Buffa E Th1, Th2, Th17 and regulatory T cell pattern in psoriatic patients: modulation of cytokines and gene targets induced by etanercept treatment and correlation with clinical response Dermatology 2011 223 1 57 67 10.1159/000330330 Epub 2011/08/26. PubMed PMID: 21865674
  145. Frisullo G Nociti V Iorio R Patanella AK Marti A Caggiula M IL17 and IFNgamma production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from clinically isolated syndrome to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis Cytokine 2008 44 1 22 5 10.1016/j.cyto.2008.08.007 Epub 2008/09/17. PubMed PMID: 18793860
  146. Qin Q Liu P Liu L Wang R Yan N Yang J The increased but non-predominant expression of Th17- and Th1-specific cytokines in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis but not in Graves’ disease Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas / Sociedade Brasileira de Biofisica [et al] 2012 45 12 1202 8 Epub 2012/10/24. PubMed PMID: 23090124; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3854214
  147. Ghoreschi K Thomas P Breit S Dugas M Mailhammer R van Eden W Interleukin-4 therapy of psoriasis induces Th2 responses and improves human autoimmune disease Nat Med 2003 9 1 40 6 10.1038/nm804 Epub 2002/12/04. PubMed PMID: 12461524
  148. Tran GT Hodgkinson SJ Carter NM Verma ND Plain KM Boyd R IL-5 promotes induction of antigen-specific CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells that suppress autoimmunity Blood 2012 119 19 4441 50 10.1182/blood-2011-12-396101 Epub 2012/02/09. PubMed PMID: 22310911
  149. Lu LF Lind EF Gondek DC Bennett KA Gleeson MW Pino-Lagos K Mast cells are essential intermediaries in regulatory T-cell tolerance Nature 2006 442 7106 997 1002 10.1038/nature05010 Epub 2006/08/22. PubMed PMID: 16921386
  150. Eller K Wolf D Huber JM Metz M Mayer G McKenzie AN IL-9 production by regulatory T cells recruits mast cells that are essential for regulatory T cell-induced immune suppression J Immunol 2011 186 1 83 91 10.4049/jimmunol.1001183 Epub 2010/12/01. PubMed PMID: 21115728; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3227733
  151. Zaccone P Phillips J Conget I Gomis R Haskins K Minty A Interleukin-13 prevents autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice Diabetes 1999 48 8 1522 8 Epub 1999/07/30. PubMed PMID: 10426368
  152. Cihakova D Barin JG Afanasyeva M Kimura M Fairweather D Berg M Interleukin-13 protects against experimental autoimmune myocarditis by regulating macrophage differentiation The American journal of pathology 2008 172 5 1195 208 10.2353/ajpath.2008.070207 Epub 2008/04/12. PubMed PMID: 18403598; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2329830
  153. Davidson C Verma ND Robinson CM Plain KM Tran GT Hodgkinson SJ IL-13 prolongs allograft survival: association with inhibition of macrophage cytokine activation Transplant immunology 2007 17 3 178 86 10.1016/j.trim.2006.09.035 Epub 2007/03/03. PubMed PMID: 17331844
  154. Sandovici M Deelman LE van Goor H Helfrich W de Zeeuw D Henning RH Adenovirus-mediated interleukin-13 gene therapy attenuates acute kidney allograft injury The journal of gene medicine 2007 9 12 1024 32 10.1002/jgm.1106 Epub 2007/09/29. PubMed PMID: 17902182
  155. Woods JM Katschke KJ Jr. Tokuhira M Kurata H Arai KI Campbell PL Reduction of inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin E2 by IL-13 gene therapy in rheumatoid arthritis synovium J Immunol 2000 165 5 2755 63 Epub 2000/08/18. PubMed PMID: 10946307
  156. Herman S Zurgil N Machlav S Shinberg A Langevitz P Ehrenfeld M Distinct effects of anti-tumor necrosis factor combined therapy on TH1/TH2 balance in rheumatoid arthritis patients Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI 2011 18 7 1077 82 10.1128/CVI.00061-11 Epub 2011/05/20. PubMed PMID: 21593236; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3147326
  157. Xinqiang S Fei L Nan L Yuan L Fang Y Hong X Therapeutic efficacy of experimental rheumatoid arthritis with low-dose methotrexate by increasing partially CD4+CD25+ Treg cells and inducing Th1 to Th2 shift in both cells and cytokines Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 2010 64 7 463 71 10.1016/j.biopha.2010.01.007 Epub 2010/04/03. PubMed PMID: 20359858
  158. Silano M Di Benedetto R Maialetti F De Vincenzi A Calcaterra R Trecca A A 10-residue peptide from durum wheat promotes a shift from a Th1-type response toward a Th2-type response in celiac disease The American journal of clinical nutrition 2008 87 2 415 23 Epub 2008/02/09. PubMed PMID: 18258633
  159. Zheng XP Zhang HL Li HF Zhang MZ Qiu W Hu XQ Neuroprotective potential beyond immunoregulation of helminth infection as a therapeutic target in multiple sclerosis Medical hypotheses 2012 78 1 95 7 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.10.001 Epub 2011/11/04. PubMed PMID: 22047987
  160. Bajwa A Huang L Ye H Dondeti K Song S Rosin DL Dendritic cell sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor-3 regulates Th1-Th2 polarity in kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury J Immunol 2012 189 5 2584 96 10.4049/jimmunol.1200999 Epub 2012/08/03. PubMed PMID: 22855711; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3433235
  161. Amarnath S Chen H Foley JE Costanzo CM Sennesh JD Solomon MA Host-based Th2 cell therapy for prolongation of cardiac allograft viability PLoS One 2011 6 4 e18885 10.1371/journal.pone.0018885 Epub 2011/05/12. PubMed PMID: 21559526; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3084712
Language: English
Page range: 1 - 1
Published on: Jul 6, 2015
Published by: Danny N. Dhanasekaran
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2015 Thomas R Hynes, Evan A Yost, Cassandra M Hartle, Braden J Ott, Catherine H Berlot, published by Danny N. Dhanasekaran
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.