
Chart 1.
TREND IN SOCIAL SECURITY DEBT
Source: Beatriz Triguero (Vozpopuli), based on data from the Bank of Spain.

Chart 2.
GROWTH IN PUBLIC DEBT IN SPAIN 1994–2025
Source: Juan Manuel López Zafra, ’You owe 35,000 euros more than you think, and you’ll have to pay it’, The Objective, 4 November 2025: ‘You owe 35,000 euros more than you think, and you’ll have to pay it’