References
- Nalbandian A, Sehgal K, Gupta A, Madhavan MV, McGroder C, Stevens JS, et al. Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Nat Med. 2021;27(4):601–15. doi: 10.1038/s41591-021-01283-z.
- Davis HE, Assaf GS, McCorkell L, Wei H, Low RJ, Re’em Y, et al. Characterizing long COVID in an international cohort: 7 months of symptoms and their impact. EClinicalMedicine. 2021;38:101019. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101019.
- Sykes DL, Holdsworth L, Jawad N, Gunasekera P, Morice AH, Crooks MG. Post-COVID-19 symptom burden: what is long-COVID and how should we manage it? Lung. 2021;199:113–9. doi: 10.1007/s00408-021-00423-z.
- Soriano JB, Murthy S, Marshall JC, Relan P, Diaz JV. WHO Clinical Case Definition Working Group on Post-COVID-19 Condition. A clinical case definition of post-COVID-19 condition by a Delphi consensus. Lancet Infect Dis. 2022;22(4):e102–e7. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00703-9.
- Moreno-Pérez O, Merino E, Leon-Ramirez JM, Andres M, Ramos JM, Arenas-Jiménez, J, et al. Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Incidence and risk factors: A Mediterranean cohort study. J Infect. 2021;82(3):378–83. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.01.004.
- Farr E, Wolfe AR, Deshmukh S, Rydberg L, Soriano R, Walter JM. Diaphragm dysfunction in severe COVID-19 as determined by neuromuscular ultrasound. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2021;8(8):1745–9. doi: 10.1002/acn3.51416.
- Van Steveninck AL, Imming LM. Diaphragm dysfunction prior to intubation in a patient with Covid-19 pneumonia; assessment by point of care ultrasound and potential implications for patient monitoring. Respir Med Case Rep. 2020;31:101284. doi: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101284.
- Frija-Masson J, Debray MP, Gilbert M, Lescure FX, Travert F, Borie R, et al. Functional characteristics of patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia at 30 days post-infection. Eur Respir J. 2020;56(2):2001754. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01754-2020.
- Huang Y, Tan C, Wu J, Chen M, Wang Z, Luo L, et al. Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on pulmonary function in early convalescence phase. Respir Res. 2020;21:1–10. doi: 10.1186/s12931-020-01429-6.
- Li X, Wang C, Kou, S, Luo P, Zhao M, Yu K. Lung ventilation function characteristics of survivors from severe COVID-19: a prospective study. Crit Care. 2020;24:1–2. doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-02992-6.
- Zhao YM, Shang YM, Song WB, Li QQ, Xie H, Xu QF, et al. Follow-up study of the pulmonary function and related physiological characteristics of COVID-19 survivors three months after recovery. EClinicalMedicine. 2020;25:100463. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100463.
- Helmy MA, Milad LM, Osman SH, Ali M A, Hasanin A. Diaphragmatic excursion: a possible key player for predicting successful weaning in patients with severe COVID-19. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med. 2021;40(3):100875. doi: 10.1016/j.accpm.2021.100875.
- Lopez-Leon S, Wegman-Ostrosky T, Perelman C, Sepulveda R, Rebolledo PA, Cuapio A, et al. More than 50 long-term effects of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):16144. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-95565-8.
- Alimoradi Z, Broström A, Tsang HW, Griffiths MD, Haghayegh S, Ohayon MM, et al. Sleep problems during COVID-19 pandemic and its’ association to psychological distress: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine. 2021;36:100916. doi: 100916. 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100916.
- Jahrami H, BaHammam AS, Bragazzi NL, Saif Z, Faris M, Vitiello MV. Sleep problems during the COVID-19 pandemic by population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JCSM. 2021;17(2):299–313. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.8930.
- Pataka A, Kotoulas S, Sakka E, Katsaounou P, Pappa S. Sleep dysfunction in COVID-19 patients: prevalence, risk factors, mechanisms, and management. J Pers Med. 2021;11(11):1203. doi: 10.3390/jpm11111203.
- Petersen MS, Kristiansen MF, Hanusson KD, Danielsen ME, á Steig B, Gaini S, et al. Long COVID in the Faroe Islands: a longitudinal study among nonhospitalized patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;73(11):e4058–e63. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1792.
- Society AT, Standardization of spirometry, 1994 update. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995;152(3):1107–36. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.152.3.7663792.
- Evans JA, Whitelaw WA. The assessment of maximal respiratory mouth pressures in adults. Respir Care. 2009;54(10):1348–59.
- Society AT. ATS statement: Guidelines for the sixmin walk test. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166:111–7. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.166.1.at1102.
- Buysse DJ, Reynolds III CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989;28(2):193–213. doi: 10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4.
- Agargun M. Pittsburgh uyku kalitesi indeksinin gecerligi ve guvenirligi. Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 1996;7(2):107–15. doi: 1572543024182338176.
- Morris SB. Estimating effect sizes from pretest-posttest-control group designs. Organ Res Methods. 2008;11(2):364–86. doi: 10.1177/1094428106291059.
- Guler SA, Ebner L, Aubry-Beigelman C, Bridevax PO, Brutsche M, Clarenbach C, et al. Pulmonary function and radiological features 4 months after COVID-19: first results from the national prospective observational Swiss COVID-19 lung study. Eur Respir J. 2021;57(4):2003690. doi: 10.1183/13993003.03690-2020.
- Mo X, Jian W, Su Z, Chen M, Peng H, Peng P, et al. Abnormal pulmonary function in COVID-19 patients at time of hospital discharge. Eur Respir J. 2020;55(6):2001217. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01217-2020.
- Güneş M, Yana M, Güçlü MB. Physical activity levels respiratory and peripheral muscle strength and pulmonary function in young post-COVID-19 patients: A cross-sectional study. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2023;135:251–9. doi: 10.1007/s00508-023-02204-5.
- Çelik Z, Güzel NA, Kafa N, Köktürk N. Respiratory muscle strength in volleyball players suffered from COVID-19. Ir J Med Sci. 2022;191(5):1959–65. doi: 10.1007/s11845-021-02849-z.
- Tharani SA, Borkar P. Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in post-COVID-19 patients: a systematic review. Int J Health Sci Res. 2022;12(3):374–80. doi: 10.52403/ijhsr.20220349.
- Hennigs JK, Huwe M, Hennigs A, Oqueka T, Simon M, Harbaum L, et al. Respiratory muscle dysfunction in long-COVID patients. Infection. 2022;50(5):1391–7. doi: 10.1007/s15010-022-01840-9.
- A Costa KV, de Souza ITC, dos Santos Felix JV, Brandão CBF, de Souza Fernandes VM, Favero ABL, et al. Efficacy of a rehabilitation protocol on pulmonary and respiratory muscle function and ultrasound evaluation of diaphragm and quadriceps femoris in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome: a series of cases. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis. 2023;93(1):2206. doi: 10.4081/monaldi.2022.2206.
- Sirayder U, Inal-Ince D, Kepenek-Varol B, Acik C. (2022). Long-term characteristics of severe COVID-19: respiratory function, functional capacity, and quality of life. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(10):6304. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19106304.
- Polese J, Ramos AD, Moulaz IR, Sant’Ana L, Lacerda BSDP, Soares CES, et al. Pulmonary function and exercise capacity six months after hospital discharge of patients with severe COVID-19. Braz J Infect Dis. 2023;27:102789. doi: 10.1016/j.bjid.2023.102789.
- Hui DS, Joynt GM, Wong KT, Gomersall, CD, Li TS, Antonio G, et al. Impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) on pulmonary function, functional capacity and quality of life in a cohort of survivors. Thorax. 2005;60(5):401–9. doi: 10.1136/thx.2004.030205.
- Cortés-Telles A, López-Romero S, Figueroa-Hurtado E, Pou-Aguilar YN, Wong A W, Milne KM, et al. Pulmonary function and functional capacity in COVID-19 survivors with persistent dyspnoea. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2021;288:103644. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2021.103644.
- Townsend L, Dowds J, O’Brien K, Sheill G, Dyer AH, O’Kelly B, et al. Persistent poor health after COVID-19 is not associated with respiratory complications or initial disease severity. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2021;18(6):997–1003. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.202009-1175OC.
- Purohit MH, Sheth MS. Comparison of peak expiratory flow rate and functional capacity of COVID-19 survivors with age-matched healthy individuals. Indian Journal of Respir Care. 2023;12(1):30–2. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-11010-1011.
- Borghi-Silva A, Krishna AG, Garcia-Araujo AS. Importance of functional capacity assessment and physical exercise during and after hospitalization in COVID-19 patients: revisiting pulmonary rehabilitation. J Bras Pneumol. 2021;47(04):e20210277. doi: 10.36416/1806-3756/e20210277.
- Seighali N, Abdollahi A, Shafiee A, Amini MJ, Teymouri Athar MM, Safari O, et al. The global prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorder among patients coping with post COVID-19 syndrome (long COVID): a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC psychiatry. 2024;24(1):105. doi: 10.1186/s12888-023-05481-6.
- Jahrami H, BaHammam AS, Bragazzi NL, Saif Z, Faris M, Vitiello MV. Sleep problems during the COVID-19 pandemic by population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clın Sleep Med. 2021;17(2):299–313. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.8930.
- Kompaniyets L, Bull-Otterson L, Boehmer TK, Baca S, Alvarez P, Hong K, et al. Post-COVID-19 symptoms and conditions among children and adolescents - United States. March 1, 2020–January 31, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71(31):993–9. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7131a3.
- Alkodaymi MS, Omrani OA, Fawzy NA, Abou Shaar B, Almamlouk R, Riaz M, et al. Prevalence of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome symptoms at different follow-up periods: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2022;28(5):657–66. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.01.014.
- Huang C, Huang L, Wang Y, Li X, Ren, L, Gu X, et al. 6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study. The Lancet. 2021;401(10393):e21–e33. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00810-3.