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Cooperation between players with intellectual impairments and their partners in Special Olympics unified basketball – an observational study Cover

Cooperation between players with intellectual impairments and their partners in Special Olympics unified basketball – an observational study

Open Access
|Nov 2024

Figures & Tables

Descriptive statistics and univariate differences (Mann-Whitney U test) between partners and players in activity with the ball

Game performance indicatorsLevel 1 (n = 47)Level 2 (n = 38)Level 3 (n = 27)Level 4 (n = 38)

P (n = 16)P_II (n = 31)ZESP (n = 14)P_II (n = 24)ZESP (n = 10)P_II (n = 17)ZESP (n = 14)P_II (n = 24)ZES




SDSDSDSDSDSDSDSD
POINTS MADE AFTER A FAST BREAK†1.241.60.680.8−0.660.101.040.51.061.6−1.140.182.032.00.470.7−2.100.400.640.80.310.5−0.960.16
POINTS MADE A RESTART 1.061.10.580.9−1.500.221.050.80.831.0−0.860.141.090.70.190.5−2.080.400.600.80.320.8−1.190.19
STEALS *+2.101.30.810.8−2.600.384.102.41.751.2−2.790.453.730.81.731.7−1.900.371.531.00.830.8−1.460.24
ASSISTS * + 1.541.10.23 0.4−3.470.51^1.641.60.400.5−2.380.392.680.70.210.3−3.070.59^1.290.90.220.4−3.030.49
BLOCKED SHOTS *+0.960.80.320.4−2.220.320.751.00.080.1−3.180.52^1.961.70.270.4−1.920.370.300.20.150.2−1.460.24
OFFENSIVE REBOUNDS1.921.41.501.2−0.710.104.042.62.141.9−1.900.313.790.71.940.9−2.480.482.431.52.061.6−0.640.10
DEFENSIVE REBOUNDS *+4.442.61.691.2−3.120.465.231.42.491.8−3.430.56^7.644.52.752.5−2.340.454.933.62.222.4−2.120.34
TURNOVERS +2.301.42.131.2−0.350.055.102.83.111.5−1.960.325.642.14.302.7−0.660.133.441.11.521.2−3.010.49
COMPLETE PASS *+33.312.811.305.3−4.270.62^33.3013.211.308.4−3.980.65^34.0012.214.907.5−2.630.51^29.107.19.086.8−3.990.65^
ERRANT PASS +1.311.10.710.5−1.560.234.182.21.631.5−3.170.51^1.991.31.480.8−0.510.102.090.60.870.8−3.460.56^
TOTAL PASSES *+34.7013.412.505.5−4.290.63^37.5012.912.909.3−4.100.67^36.0013.416.407.6−2.630.51^31.207.49.967.3−3.990.65^
PASS EFFICIENCY96.502.593.006.0−1.730.2587.607.780.7024.8−0.260.0495.002.989.206.5−1.170.2393.101.691.007.6−0.710.12
CAUGHT PASSES *+33.0012.314.506.4−3.760.55^29.407.815.8010.8−3.230.52^32.9012.516.5011.8−1.900.3731.906.613.608.5−3.890.63^
DROPPED PASSES +0.220.30.410.4−1.350.200.310.30.740.5−2.250.360.070.11.331.2−2.560.490.570.80.510.6−0.100.02
TOTAL BALL CAUGHT *+33.2012.315.106.4−3.760.55^29.707.716.5010.7−3.040.4933.0012.517.9012.8−1.610.3132.506.414.108.3−3.890.63^
% of BALL CAUGHT +†99.201.296.604.5−1.690.2598.801.389.4013.9−2.890.4799.700.592.106.3−2.560.4998.002.794.706.1−0.660.11
SUCCESSFUL PASS OF A DRIBBLE *+13.509.32.071.9−3.240.4717.508.43.534.0−4.150.67^24.108.32.032.3−2.930.56^11.705.41.992.3−3.990.65^
FIELD GOALS OFF A DRIBBLE+†‡5.965.41.321.2−3.440.50^3.362.11.962.5−2.000.325.732.32.132.7−2.200.426.745.31.622.5−3.340.54^
TURNOVERS WHILE DRIBBLING *+0.860.90.520.4−0.760.111.361.10.430.6−3.300.54^2.581.60.760.9−2.210.431.591.10.230.2−3.510.57^
TOTAL DRIBBLINGS*+20.3013.23.913.1−3.490.51^22.209.95.926.5−3.810.62^32.509.14.935.9−2.920.56^20.109.13.864.7−4.120.67^
EFFICIENCY OF DRIBBLING *96.103.976.9031.4−2.380.3594.003.387.6016.2−0.050.0192.403.581.9018.2−1.050.2090.5010.492.507.8−0.350.06

Descriptive statistics and univariate differences (Mann-Whitney U-test) between partners and players from all levels

Game performance indicatorsP (n = 54)P_II (n = 96)ZpES

SDSD
TOTAL POINTS *7.505.793.463.94−4.05<0.0010.33
2-POINT FIELD GOALS MADE (outside the restricted area)0.430.690.300.49−0.820.4120.07
2-POINT FIELD GOALS MISSED (outside the restricted area)1.911.612.342.31−0.630.5280.05
2-POINT FIELD GOALS ATTEMPTED (outside the restricted area)2.342.052.642.68−0.230.8190.02
% of 2-POINT FIELD GOALS (outside the restricted area)15.7718.967.8812.34−1.730.0840.14
2-POINT FIELD GOALS MADE (inside the restricted area) *1.851.520.981.42−3.420.0010.28
2-POINT FIELD GOALS MISSED (inside the restricted area)3.242.112.712.36−1.510.1310.12
2-POINT FIELD GOALS ATTEMPTED (inside the restricted area) *5.103.163.693.44−2.580.0100.21
% of 2-POINT FIELD GOALS (inside the restricted area) *34.9821.8723.4222.21−2.720.0070.22
2-POINT FIELD GOALS MADE *2.281.941.281.58−3.130.0020.26
2-POINT FIELD GOALS MISSED5.162.875.043.32−0.410.6820.03
2-POINT FIELD GOALS ATTEMPTED7.454.276.334.48−1.410.1590.12
% of total 2-POINT FIELD GOALS *29.1618.5817.0113.89−3.380.0010.28
3-POINT FIELD GOALS MADE *0.430.800.140.39−1.990.0460.16
3-POINT FIELD GOALS MISSED *1.782.080.781.60−3.650.0000.30
3-POINT FIELD GOALS ATTEMPTED*2.222.730.921.86−3.670.0000.30
% of total 3-POINT FIELD GOALS14.4722.0716.7726.49−0.140.8910.01
MADE FREE THROWS *1.732.090.470.79−3.70<0.0010.30
MISSED FREE THROWS *1.541.180.710.87−3.71<0.0010.30
FREE THROWS ATTEMPT *3.282.881.181.52−4.26<0.0010.35
% of FREE THROWS44.9129.0634.5427.52−1.460.1450.12
POINTS MADE AFTER A FAST BREAK *1.111.280.671.09−2.430.0150.20
POINTS MADE AFTER A RESTART *0.930.940.530.92−2.720.0070.22
STEALS *2.751.931.231.19−4.17<0.0010.34
ASSISTS *1.641.270.280.47−6.07<0.0010.50^
BLOCKED SHOTS *0.841.040.200.33−4.27<0.0010.35
OFFENSIVE REBOUNDS *2.931.991.911.56−2.540.0110.21
DEFENSIVE REBOUNDS *5.213.012.221.97−5.39<0.0010.44
TURNOVERS *3.872.342.561.82−3.080.0020.25
COMPLETE PASS *32.2911.3211.227.15−7.69<0.0010.63^
ERRANT PASS *2.471.851.141.11−4.48<0.0010.37
TOTAL PASSES *34.7711.7312.377.71−7.71<0.0010.63^
PASS EFFICIENCY92.765.7888.4015.19−1.450.1480.12
CAUGHT PASSES *31.669.4814.999.12−6.89<0.0010.56^
DROPPED PASSESS *0.330.510.660.71−3.09<0.0020.25
TOTAL BALL CAUGHT *31.999.4015.669.21−6.77<0.0010.55^
% of BALL CAUGHT *98.861.8093.349.28−3.98<0.0010.32
SUCCESSFUL PASS OFF A DRIBBLE *15.588.712.492.90−7.32<0.0010.60^
FIELD GOALS OFF A DRIBBLE *5.374.401.712.26−5.51<0.0010.45
TURNOVERS WHILE DRIBBLING *1.421.230.450.59−5.02<0.0010.41
TOTAL DRIBBLINGS *22.311.14.655.12−7.38<0.0010.60^
EFFICIENCY OF DRIBBLING93.56.4084.721.6−1.620.1600.13

Descriptive statistics and univariate differences (Mann-Whitney U test) between partners and players in shooting

Game performance indicatorsLevel 1 (n = 47)Level 2 (n = 38)Level 3 (n = 27)Level 4 (n = 38)

P (n = 16)P_II (n = 31)ZESP (n = 14)P_II (n = 24)ZESP (n = 10)P_II (n = 17)ZESP (n = 14)P_II (n = 24)ZES




SD SDSDSDSD SDSDSD
TOTAL POINTS * 10.946.63.542.5-3.540.52^4.682.73.734.0−1.120.189.602.93.423.4−2.490.485.886.43.075.3−1.440.23
2-POINT FIELD GOALS COMPLETED (out of the restricted area)0.440.70.260.4−0.670.100.200.30.330.4−.580.090.620.80.340.7−0.920.180.580.80.270.4−0.610.10
2-POINT FIELD GOALS MISSED (out of the restricted area)0.971.00.990.7−0.480.071.571.42.912.2−1.780.292.041.23.353.7−0.430.083.221.72.632.1−0.830.13
2-POINT FIELD GOALS ATTEMPTED (out of the restricted area)1.421.71.251.1<0.01<0.011.781.43.242.6−1.610.262.671.93.704.4−0.140.033.812.32.912.4−1.080.18
% of 2-POINT FIELD GOALS (out of the restricted area)23.7525.413.1019.3−1.010.1513.5018.85.787.6−0.650.1116.1016.73.867.1−1.420.2710.8013.97.499.4−0.370.06
2-POINT FIELD GOALS COMPLETED (inside the restricted area) *2.291.70.950.9−1.980.291.681.21.011.4−1.810.291.941.20.900.9−1.320.251.521.51.032.0−1.570.25
2-POINT FIELD GOALS MISSED (inside the restricted area)3.092.62.761.9−.0350.053.222.42.112.4−1.690.273.641.94.432.7−0.580.113.251.92.462.2−1.380.22
2-POINT FIELD GOALS ATTEMPT (inside the restricted area) +5.383.63.712.6−1.260.184.902.93.113.6−2.050.335.592.95.342.8−0.360.074.773.33.494.1−1.480.24
% of 2-POINT FIELD GOALS (inside the restricted area) *44.6723.722.4019.1−2.260.3337.8023.835.1028.0−0.630.1031.3018.718.718.7−0.950.1823.8015.115.1016.3−1.400.23
2-POINT FIELD GOALS COMPLETED *2.732.31.210.9−2.080.301.881.31.341.5−1.120.182.570.41.251.4−1.540.302.102.31.312.2−1.040.17
2-POINT FIELD GOALS MISSED4.102.93.752.1−0.130.024.802.95.023.6−0.120.025.691.47.793.4−1.170.236.472.95.073.4−1.080.18
2-POINT FIELD GOALS ATTEMPT6.844.84.972.8−1.190.176.693.66.364.7−0.250.048.261.69.054.2−0.430.088.585.16.385.3−1.030.17
% of total 2-POINT FIELD GOALS +36.3022.922.5015.2−1.840.2730.9018.717.1014.5−2.000.3231.705.912.3010.8−2.490.4818.2013.613.3011.9−1.090.18
3-POINT FIELD GOALS COMPLETED ‡0.931.70.140.2−1.770.260.110.30.220.4−0.620.100.640.80.230.6−0.890.170.140.2<0.010.0−2.550.41
3-POINT FIELD GOALS MISSED *2.502.30.511.0−3.050.441.161.31.672.3−0.02<0.012.352.50.731.2−1.270.241.432.20.080.2−3.360.55^
3-POINT FIELD GOALS ATTEMPTED *3.443.40.661.2−2.860.421.271.51.902.7−.130.023.003.30.971.4−1.110.211.582.30.080.2−3.410.55^
% of total 3-POINT FIELD GOALS18.2616.639.1037.1−0.860.1315.2035.18.148.9−0.640.1016.5014.822.2038.4−0.230.048.8616.2<0.010.0−1.320.21
COMPLETED FREE THROWS *2.942.40.710.9−3.170.460.560.90.390.5−0.210.032.691.80.210.4−2.770.53^1.271.90.450.9−1.240.20
MISSED FREE THROWS * 1.651.20.680.8−2.260.331.161.00.740.9−1.300.212.641.50.850.8−1.760.341.330.80.600.9−2.240.36
FREE THROWS ATTEMPTED *4.603.11.401.6−3.040.441.731.71.131.4−0.970.165.333.41.061.1−2.200.422.602.41.051.7−2.020.33
% of FREE THROWS65.524.647.5018.3−1.500.2226.325.331.2025.9−0.040.0148.505.612.3017.0−2.650.51^33.8030.337.8036.6−.0240.04
Language: English
Page range: 45 - 56
Submitted on: Jul 13, 2024
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Accepted on: Nov 8, 2024
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Published on: Nov 19, 2024
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2024 Waldemar Skowroński, Bartosz Molik, Robert J. Szyman, Słupczyński Bogusław, Miguel Angel Gomez, Jolanta Marszalek, published by University of Physical Education in Warsaw
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License.