Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Demographic data of the participants in both groups_
| TTNS group Mean ± SD | Control group Mean ± SD | t-value | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 26.6 ± 3.1 | 27.4 ± 3.1 | −0.941 | 0.351 |
| Weight (kg) | 73 ± 12.8 | 74.1 ± 7.9 | −0.365 | 0.717 |
| Height (cm) | 160.9 ± 4.7 | 162.6 ± 4 | −1.42 | 0.161 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.2 ± 4.3 | 28 ± 2.5 | 0.150 | 0.881 |
| Parity | N (%) | N (%) | χ2= 3.36 | 0.339 |
| 1 | 14 (50%) | 11 (39%) | ||
| 2 | 11 (39%) | 11 (39%) | ||
| 3 | 3 (11%) | 3 (11%) | ||
| 4 | 0 (0%) | 3 (11%) | ||
Schedule of enrollment, intervention, and assessment (SPIRIT)
| Time point | Enrollment | Allocation | T1 | T2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eligibility criteria | × | |||
| Informed consent | × | |||
| Allocation | × | |||
| Interventions | ||||
| TTNS | ||||
| Diaphragmatic breathing exercise | ||||
| Isometric training of the abdominal muscles | ||||
| Behavioral therapy | ||||
| Assessment | ||||
| PAC-QoL score | × | × | ||
| PAC-SYM score | × | × | ||
| BSFS | × | × | ||
Comparison of pre and post-treatment PAC-SYM for both groups
| TTNS group Median (IR) | Control group Median (IR) | z-value | P-value1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PAC-SYM | ||||
| Abdominal symptoms | ||||
| Pre-treatment | 1.5 (1.7) | 1.4 (0.9) | −0.98 | 0.326 |
| Post-treatment | 0.62 (0.7) | 0.75 (0.5) | −0.51 | 0.612 |
| P-value2 | 0.001 | 0.001 | ||
| Stool symptoms | ||||
| Pre-treatment | 2.2 (0.8) | 2.1 (0.6) | −0.46 | 0.649 |
| Post-treatment | 0.4 (0.2) | 1 (0.4) | −3.8 | 0.001 |
| P-value2 | 0.001 | 0.001 | ||
| Rectal symptoms | ||||
| Pre-treatment | 2 (0.9) | 2 (1) | −1.7 | 0.087 |
| Post- treatment | 0.67 (0.6) | 1 (0.6) | −4.9 | 0.001 |
| P-value2 | 0.001 | 0.001 | ||
| Total score | ||||
| Pre-treatment | 1.87 (0.8) | 1.75 (0.5) | −1.2 | 0.215 |
| Post-treatment | 0.58 (0.4) | 0.88 (0.4) | −3.3 | 0.001 |
| P-value2 | 0.001 | 0.001 | ||
Comparison of PAC-QOL and BSFS pre- and post-treatment for both groups
| TTNS group Median (IR) | Control group Median (IR) | z-value | P value1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PAC-QOL | ||||
| Physical discomfort | ||||
| Pre-treatment | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.5) | −0.421 | 0.674 |
| Post-treatment | 0.4 (0.4) | 0.5 (0.4) | −2.82 | 0.005 |
| P-value2 | 0.001 | 0.001 | ||
| Psychosocial factors | ||||
| Pre-treatment | 2.7 (0.7) | 2.6 (0.4) | −1.03 | 0.299 |
| Post-treatment | 1.4 (1) | 1.6 (0.6) | −2.5 | 0.012 |
| P-value2 | 0.001 | 0.001 | ||
| Worries and concerns | ||||
| Pre-treatment | 2.3 (0.6) | 2.4 (0.6) | −0.22 | 0.824 |
| Post-treatment | 1.1 (0.6) | 1.5 (0.3) | −3.88 | 0.001 |
| P-value2 | 0.001 | 0.001 | ||
| Satisfaction | ||||
| Pre-treatment | 1.1 (0.35) | 1.4 (0.4) | −1.7 | 0.083 |
| Post-treatment | 2.4 (0.6) | 2 (0.4) | −3.13 | 0.002 |
| P-value2 | 0.001 | 0.001 | ||
| Total score | ||||
| Pre-treatment | 1.8 (0.4) | 1.8 (0.3) | −0.148 | 0.882 |
| Post-treatment | 0.8 (0.5) | 1.1 (0.3) | −3.7 | 0.001 |
| P-value2 | 0.001 | 0.001 | ||
| BSFS | ||||
| Pre-treatment | 1.5 (1) | 1 (0.75) | −1.91 | 0.056 |
| Post-treatment | 3.5 (0.5) | 3 (1) | −0.734 | 0.463 |
| P-value2 | 0.001 | 0.001 | ||