Effect of whole-body vibration on insulin resistance in polycystic ovarian syndrome: A randomized controlled trial

Figures & Tables

Variables	Study group	Control group	p-value (between groups)	F-value (between groups)	Ƞ²
Weight (kg)
Pre-treatment	77.39 ± 5.43	77.56 ± 4.3	0.9^a	0.01
Post-treatment	69.3 ± 5.41	73.18 ± 4.01	0.0009^b	7.59	0.15
p-value (within-group)	0.0001^b	0.0001^b
MD (95% CI)	8.08 (7.48 to 8.69)	4.39 (3.78 to 4.99)
% of improvement	10.4 %	5.6 %
BMI (kg/m²)
Pre-treatment	28.62 ± 1.14	28.37 ± 1.13	0.46^b	0.54
Post-treatment	25.62 ± 1.34	26.77 ± 1.18	0.004^b	9.36	0.18
p-value (within-group)	0.0001^b	0.0001^b
MD (95% CI)	2.99 (2.78 to 3.2)	1.6 (1.39 to 1.8)
% of improvement	10.5 %	5.6 %
WHR
Pre-treatment	0.8 ± 0.04	0.81 ± 0.05	0.49^a	0.48
Post-treatment	0.75 ± 0.05	0.79 ± 0.04	0.009^b	7.48	0.5
p-value (within-group)	0.0001^b	0.09^a
MD (95% CI)	0.05 (0.03 to 0.07)	0.018 (0.003 to 0.03)
% of improvement	6.2 %	2.2 %
HOMA-IR
Pre-treatment	4.13 ± 0.87	3.97 ± 1.02	0.58^a	0.31
Post-treatment	2.58 ± 0.42	3.19 ± 0.8	0.03^b	4.7	0.09
p-value (within-group)	0.0001^b	0.0001^b
MD (95% CI)	1.54 (1.4 to 1.69)	0.77 (0.63 to 0.92)
% of improvement	37.2 %	19.4 %
LH/FSH ratio
Pre-treatment	1.95 ± 0.32	2.32 ± 0.53	0.18^a	1.87
Post-treatment	1.41 ± 0.44	1.81 ± 0.68	0.02^b	5.63	0.11
p-value (within-group)	0.0001^b	0.001^b
MD (95% CI)	0.53 (0.28 to 0.79)	0.5 (0.24 to 0.76)
% of improvement	27.2 %	21.5 %

Participant characteristics	Enrollment	Allocation	T1	T2
Inclusion and exclusion criteria	X
Age		X
Assessment
Homa IR			X	X
Weight & BMI			X	X
WHR			X	X
FSH/LH Ratio			X	X
Interventions
Iso-caloric low glycemic diet
Aerobic exercise
WBV

	Study group Mean ± SD	Control group Mean ± SD	T-value	p-value
Age (years)	27.86 ± 3.88	27.56 ± 4.14	− 0.92	0.36^a
Height (m)	1.64 ± 0.04	1.65 ± 0.03	0.25	0.79^a
Menstrual frequency (oligomenorrhea/normal/amenorrhea)	19 oligomenorrhea / 4 normal/ 0 amenorrhea	17 oligomenorrhea / 6 normal/ 0 amenorrhea		0.72^a
Menstrual regularity (regular/irregular)	3 regular/ 20 irregular	5 regular/ 18 irregular	^χ2 = 0.61	0.43^a
Numbers of pads per day (average/heavy/mild)	9 average/ 14 heavy/ 0 mild	10 average/ 13 heavy/ 0 mild		0.77^a
Dysmenorrhea (mild/moderate/severe)	5 mild/ 10 moderate/ 9 severe	6 mild/ 8 moderate/ 9 severe	^χ2 = 0.37	0.83^a