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Pain, discomfort and psychobiological factors in wheelchair tennis athletes following COVID-19 lockdowns Cover

Pain, discomfort and psychobiological factors in wheelchair tennis athletes following COVID-19 lockdowns

Open Access
|Nov 2023

Figures & Tables

Descriptive information for the variables analyzed in the studied sample (n = 18)

n (18)%MeanStandard deviationp
Gender
 Male1689
 Female211

Functional classification in WT
 Open1688
 Quad212

Disability type
 Spinal cord injury1266.67
 Amputation and others633.33

Education
 Post-secondary complete317
 Incomplete post-secondary422
 Complete high school739
 Incomplete high school422

Income
 Above 5 minimum monthly salaries317
 Between 2 and 5 minimum monthly salaries739
 Up to 2 minimum monthly salaries844

Contracted COVID-19?
 Yes422
 No1478

Confinement
 Remained211
 Did not stay confined1689

Pain medicine
 Uses16
 Does not use1794

Daily time of use of WC
 All day1583
 Between 5 and 10h/day16
 Less than 5h/day211

 DASH9.814.00.410
 Sports DASH18.820.80.465
 ABQ2.20.70.643
 PSQI8.86.00.875
 GAD-76.93.20.524

Pearson’s correlation matrix between DASH, sports DASH, ABQ, burnout dimensions, PSQI and GAD-7

DASHSports DASHABQRSSAEFEDEPSQI
DASHPearson r
p–value
Sports DASHPearson r0.401
p–value0.222
ABQPearson r0.3860.141
p–value0.1140.679
RSSAPearson r0.2960.0860.827***
p–value0.2330.801< 0.001
EFEPearson r0.086–0.0760.730***0.846***
p–value0.7340.824< 0.001< 0.001
DEPearson r0.336–0.0070.845***0.510*0.413
p–value0.1720.983< 0.0010.0310.088
PSQIPearson r−0.035−0.5470.4570.1520.3130.569*
p–value0.8900.0820.0570.5470.2070.014
GAD–7Pearson r0.099−0.3610.3430.3610.507*0.2070.440
p–value0.6960.2750.1640.1410.0320.4090.068

Scores noted of the Nordic Questionnaire of Musculoskeletal Symptoms

Body regionsIn the last 12 months you have had problems (such as pain, tingling/numbness) in:In the last 12 months you have been prevented from performing normal activities (e.g., work, household, chores, and leisure activities because of these problems in:In the last 12 months you have consulted some health professional (doctor or physiotherapist) because of these conditions in:In the last 7 days you’ve had problems in:
Neck4032
Shoulders11265
Upper back6122
Elbows9357
Wrists/Hands7043
Lower back9145
Hip/Thigh3010
Knees0010
Ankles/Feet0000

Simple linear regression, effect size and power analysis between EFE and GAD-7, and DE and PSQI

General Model Testing

ModelRR2Fdf1df2pESPower
10.5070.2575.531160.032*0.3450.510

Model coefficients – EFE

Predictors EstimatesStandard errortp
Intercept 1.98790.28117.07<0.001***
GAD-7 0.06210.02642.350.032*

General Model Testing

ModelRR2Fdf1df2pESPower
10.5690.3247.661160.014*0.4790.657

Model coefficient – DE

Predictors EstimatesStandard errortp
Intercept 0.04920.07990.6160.547
PSQI 0.02900.01052.7670.014*
Language: English
Page range: 12 - 19
Submitted on: Aug 21, 2023
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Accepted on: Nov 23, 2023
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Published on: Nov 28, 2023
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2023 Rudá Gonçalves Espírito Santo, José Igor Oliveira, Luciano Machado-Oliveira, Ana Paula Lima Ferreira, Pedro Pinheiro Paes, Saulo Fernandes Melo Oliveira, published by University of Physical Education in Warsaw
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License.