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Effectiveness of high-intensity laser therapy in patients with plantar fasciitis: A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials Cover

Effectiveness of high-intensity laser therapy in patients with plantar fasciitis: A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Advances in Rehabilitation
Volume 37 (2023): Issue 3 (September 2023)
By: Hernán Andrés de la Barra Ortiz,  Faviola Jélvez,  Diego Parraguez,  Florencia Pérez and  Catalina Vargas  
Open Access
|Sep 2023

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

PRISMA flow chart diagram

Fig. 2.

Risk of bias summary: review author's judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study

Fig. 3.

Forest plots for pain intensity assessed with VAS (3A-3G) and FAOS (3H) at the end of treatment

Fig. 4.

Forest plots for FAOS and FFI: (4A) HILT versus control for daily life activities (FAOS subscale); (4B) HILT versus control for symptoms (FAOS subscale); (4C) HILT versus control in performance of sports and recreation activities (FAOS subscale); (4D) HILT versus control for quality of life (FAOS subscale); (4E) disability with FFI comparing HILT versus ECSWT at the end of treatment

Results and statistical comparisons for the interesting outcomes for the HILT and control groups

StudyOutcomeHILTCG
T0: baseline (mean ± SD)T1: post-treatment (mean ± SD)T2: follow-up (mean ± SD)p-value T0-T1p-value T0-T2T0: baseline (mean ± SD)T1: post-treatment (mean ± SD)T2: follow-up (mean ± SD)p-value T0-T1p-value T0-T2p-value Intergroup post-treatment
Naruseviciute 2019 [26]Pain at rest (VAS-cm)2.49 ± 2.81.38 ± 2.1/0.191/Without CGNA
Pain first steps (VAS-cm)7.60 ± 2.94.44 ± 3.20.004*
Pain after walking (VAS-cm)4.99 ± 2.42.94 ± 1.80.001*
Pain when sitting for a long time (VAS-cm)6.07 ± 3.12.86 ± 2.20.002*
Pain on long walks (VAS-cm)7.83 ± 2.45.14 ± 3.20.011*
PPT (ALG-kg/cm2)4.76 ± 3.62.20 ± 2.10.006*
Plantarflexion ROM (GNM-grades)41.6 ± 15.546.4 ± 9.80.04*
Dorsiflexion ROM (GNM-grades)16.6 ± 11.120.2 ± 11.80.03*
1st metatarsophalangeal extension ROM (GNM-grades)38.3 ± 8.541.3 ± 8.20.012*
1st metatarsophalangeal flexion ROM (GNM-grades)31.7 ± 15.838.3 ± 13.50.001*
Fascia Thickness (USG-mm)1.84 ± 1.01.32 ± 0.90.004*
Akkurt 2018 [27]Pain first steps (VAS-cm)5.76 ± 2.41.56 ± 1.0/< 0.001*/5.59 ± 1.83.29 ± 1.7/ /<0.001*
Pain after walking (VAS-cm)7.52 ± 1.93.44 ± 1.37.48 ± 1.24.62 ± 1.7 0.01*
Pain when sitting for a long time (VAS-cm)8.64 ± 0.94.36 ± 1.68.59 ± 0.55.48 ± 1.8<0.001*0.008*
Heel sensivity (HTI-score)2.08 ± 0.80.88 ± 0.52.22 ± 1.01.37 ± 1.0 0.014*
Pain intensity (FAOS-%)46.22 ± 5.367.0 ± 10.944.54 ± 9.455.9 ± 11.0 0.001*
Symptoms (FAOS-%)49.14 ± 1 2.362.4 ± 18.150.5 ± 8.458.7 ± 16.20.007*0.243
Disability-DLA (FAOS-%)42.6 ± 5.665.1 ± 13.045.8 ± 12.259.8 ± 14.0<0.001*0.080
Sport and recreation (FAOS-%)40.1 ± 24.461.2 ± 18.739.8 ± 17.052.8 ± 20.30.006*0.081
Quality of life (FAOS-%)33.3 ± 8.466.8 ± 8.60.001*29.9 ± 11.041.0 ± 16.4<0.001*0.004*
Ordahan 2018 [28]Pain at rest (VAS-cm)8.9 ± 1.52.8 ± 1.8/0.017*/8.4 ± 1.85.6 ± 2.1/0.036*/0.048*
Heel sensivity (HTI-score)2.1 ± 0.90.4 ± 0.50.021*2.1 ± 1.21.0 ± 0.50.038*0.043*
Pain intensity (FAOS-%)46.8 ± 16.254.7 ± 10.20.019*45.9 ± 18.550.0 ± 10.80.038*0.023*
Symptoms (FAOS-%)56.5 ± 23.768.3 ± 20.50.014*56.9 ± 23.960.8 ± 21.30.0370.023*
Disability-DLA (FAOS-%)45.6 ± 18.158.8 ± 20.50.01*46.5 ± 18.351.6 ± 20.20.0280.033*
Sport and recreation (FAOS-%)42.3 ± 21.156.9 ± 25.90.011*42.8 ± 20.549.2 ± 25.10.0220.022*
Quality of life (FAOS-%)45.5 ± 9.457.6 ± 14.60.018*45.8 ± 11.052.8 ± 220.0200.034*
Naruseviciute 2020 [29]Pain at rest (VAS-cm)6.78 ± 2.12.9 ± 3.31.7 ± 3.4 5.99 ± 2.35.57 ± 3.50.18 ± 2.6>0.05
Pain first steps (VAS-cm)6.69± 2.94.4 ± 2.74.4 ± 2.8 6.93 ± 2.64.70 ± 3.70.68 ± 2.9
Pain after walking (VAS-cm)5.63 ± 2.83.6 ± 3.10.51 ± 1.6<0.05* 4.52 ± 2.13.08 ± 2.10.45 ± 2.0
Pain when sitting for a long time (VAS-cm)6.35 ± 2.53.7 ± 3.00.29 ± 1.7 >0.056.18 ± 2.13.78 ± 2.90.15 ± 2.6<0.05*>0.05<0.05*
Pain at evening (VAS-cm)7.63 ± 2.14.15 ± 2.60.05 ± 2.9 7.02 ± 2.63.11 ± 3.50.23 ± 3.0
PPT (ALG-kg/cm2)4.05 ± 3.41.77 ± 2.90.77 ± 2.4>0.05 3.03 ± 2.61.80 ± 6.40.27 ± 0.5
Fascia thicknees (USG-mm)1.46 ± 0.80.30 ± 0.60.59 ± 0.54<0.05* 1.51± 0.80.19 ± 0.60.18 ± 0.5>0.05
Yesil 2020 [30]Pain at rest (VAS-cm)6.50 ± 1.24.10 ± 1.22.0 ± 1.7NS7.20 ± 1.64.50 ± 1.22.90 ± 2.1NS0.326
Pain at rest (MRS-score)3.19 ± 0.62.30 ± 0.61.30 ± 0.73.30 ± 0.62.50 ± 0.71.90 ± 0.80.070
Pain intensity (FAOS-%)50.1 ± 19.258.3 ± 17.960.7 ± 17.853.3 ± 11.561.6 ± 14.366.8 ± 16.80.893
Symptoms (FAOS-%)63.8 ± 15.768.6 ± 15.272.0 ± 13.154.5 ± 14.464.6 ± 12.075.8 ± 13.30.022*
Disability-DLA (FAOS-%)50.2 ± 14.960.8 ± 15.062.6 ± 15.852.1± 18.361.0 ± 13.867.0 ± 18.70.537
Sport and recreation (FAOS-%)32.4 ± 18.140.5 ± 15.746.5 ± 16.846.4 ± 21.656.1 ± 22.261.7 ± 24.90.879
Quality of life (FAOS-%)35.1 ± 14.145.5 ± 17.847.6 ± 18.838.7 ± 18.045.8 ± 21.554.2 ± 20.80.038*
Quality of life (general health SF36-score)41.9 ± 15.658.3 ± 10.562.2 ± 11.843.6± 15.657.5 ± 14.060.5 ± 15.50.412
Tkocz 2021 [31]Pain at rest (VAS-cm)6.30 ± 1.42.80 ± 1.52.60 ± 2.0<0.001*5.70 ± 2.02.70 ± 2.02.30 ± 2.2<0.001*<0.001*<0.001*
Pain at rest (LPS-score)7.20 ± 2.13.30 ± 1.83.0 ± 2.06.70 ± 2.03.50 ± 2.02.70 ± 2.10.002*<0.001*
Khan 2022 [32]Pain at rest (VAS-cm)6.59 ± 1.43.00 ± 1.0/<0.001*/Without CGNA
Disability (FFI-score)46.2 ± 16.826.6 ± 7.7
Thammajaree 2023 [33]Pain at rest (VAS-cm)4.58 ± 2.51.55 ± 1.6/< 0.001*/4.75 ± 2.32.60 ± 2.7/ /0.002*
Pain first steps (VAS-cm)5.11 ± 2.521.90 ± 2.05.57 ± 2.42.79 ± 2.7<0.001*0.001*
Pain at pressure (VAS-cm)5.13 ± 2.391.65 ± 1.95.19 ± 3.22.33 ± 2.5 0.007*
Disability (FFI-score)67.9 ± 27.722.3 ± 21.288.9 ± 27.445.8± 45.10.001*0.001*
Riaz 2023 [34]Pain at rest (VAS-cm)7.60 ± 1.22.80 ± 1.72.67 ± 1.9< 0.001*6.93 ± 1.41.33 ± 1.391.33 ± 1.0<0.001*<0.001*
Disability (FFI-score)98.1 ± 17.757.5 ± 18.858.9 ± 21.495.0 ± 12.843.6 ± 11.740.8 ± 6.5

Summary of findings and quality of evidence for interesting outcomes

Certainty assessmentPatients (n)EffectCertaintyImportance
№ of studiesStudy designRisk of biasInconsistencyIndirectnessImprecisionOther considerationsHigh-intensity laser therapyConventional physical therapyRelativeAbsolute
(95% CI)(95% CI)
Pain intensity at rest (assessed with: VAS; Scale: 0–10 cm)
6 [28,29,31,32,33,34]RCTsNot seriousaVery seriousbNot seriouscNot seriousdNone168168–

  • MD 0.7cm lower

  • (1.10 lower to 0.30 lower)

  • ⊕◯◯◯

  • Low

Not important
Pain intensity at the first steps (assessed with: VAS; Scale: 0–10 cm)
3 [27,29,33]RCTsNot seriousaSeriouseNot seriouscNot seriousdNone9294–

  • MD 1.27cm lower

  • (1.87 lower to 0.67 lower)

  • ⊕⊕⊕◯

  • Moderate

Important
Pain intensity at rest between HILT and LLLT added to a physical therapy program (assessed with: VAS; Scale: 0–10 cm)
2 [28,29]RCTsNot seriousaNot seriousfNot seriouscNot seriousdNone8686–

  • MD 2.76cm lower

  • (3.51 lower to 2 lower)

  • ⊕⊕⊕⊕

  • High

Critical
Less pain at rest (assessed with: FAOS; Scale: 0–100%)
3 [27,28,32]RCTsNot seriousaVery seriousbNot seriouscNot seriousdNone8183–

  • MD 5.93% higher

  • (2.39 higher to 9.47 higher)

  • ⊕⊕◯◯

  • Low

Important
Quality of life (assessed with: FAOS; Scale: 0–100%)
3 [27,28,32]RCTsNot seriousaVery seriousbNot seriouscNot seriousdNone8183–

  • MD 14.42% higher

  • (9.43 higher to 19.4 higher)

  • ⊕⊕◯◯

  • Low

Important

Characteristics of included studies

№Author Year CountryStudyPEDro scoreParticipants (n) Mean age (x ± SD)Inclusion criteriaExclusion criteriaInterventionsHILT parametersSessionsOutcomesAssessments
1Naruseviciute 2019 [26] LithuanianPilot study: the effect of high intensity laser therapy in treatment of patients with plantar fasciitis4/10

  • N = 22

  • EG = 22

  • (18♀;4♂)

  • 55.7 ± 10.9
  • –

    Age ≥18

  • –

    Plantar pain

  • –

    Pain at least of 4 months
  • –

    Pregnancy/lactation

  • –

    Fever

  • –

    NSAIDs

  • –

    Photosensitive drugs

  • –

    Other painless regions

  • –

    Concomitant pathologies

  • –

    Rheumatoid diseases

  • –

    Sensory alterations

  • EG: HILT

  • CG: NA
  • –

    Wavelength: 1.064 nm (Nd: YAG)

  • –

    OP: 12W

  • –

    Dose: continuos, 7W, 120J/cm2

  • –

    Application: scan (spacer 10 mm)

  • –

    Time: 7min

  • –

    Area: 25 cm2

6s (3 weeks)
  • –

    PI (VAS)

  • –

    PPT (ALG)

  • –

    ROM (GNM)

  • –

    Fascia thicknees (USG)

  • T0 = baseline

  • T1 = 3 weeks

  • (post-treatment)

2Akkurt 2018 [27] TurkeyEfficacy of high-intensity laser therapy and silicone insole in plantar fasciitis8/10

  • N = 52

  • EG = 25

  • (23 ♀;2 ♂)

  • CG = 27

  • (23 ♀;4 ♂)

  • 46.4 ± 7.1
  • –

    Age ≥18

  • –

    Unilateral plantar pain

  • –

    Morning pain (VAS ≥ 4 cm)
  • –

    Surgeries

  • –

    Foot deformity

  • –

    Acute heel trauma

  • –

    Corticosteroid injections

  • –

    ECSWT treatments

  • –

    Rheumatoid disease

  • –

    Radicular or neuropathic pain

  • –

    Local infections

  • –

    Coagulation disorders

  • –

    Pregnancy

  • EG: HILT + insole

  • CG: insole
  • –

    Wavelength: 1.064 nm (Nd: YAG)

  • –

    OP: 3.000W

  • –

    Dose: pulsed, 510–710J/cm2, 3.000J

  • –

    Application: scan

  • –

    Time: 15 a 20 min

  • –

    Area: 25 cm2

10s (4 weeks)
  • –

    PI (VAS)

  • –

    Heel sensivity (HTI)

  • –

    PI (FAOS)

  • –

    Symptoms (FAOS)

  • –

    Disability-DLA (FAOS)

  • –

    Sports and recreation (FAOS)

  • –

    QoL (FAOS)

  • T0 = baseline

  • T1 = 4 weeks

  • (post-treatment)

3Ordahan 2018 [28] TurkeyThe effect of high-intensity versus low-level laser therapy in the management of plantar fasciitis: a randomized clinical trial8/10

  • N = 70

  • EG = 35

  • (28 ♀;7 ♂)

  • CG = 35

  • (27 ♀;8 ♂)

  • 48.7 ± 11.1
  • –

    Heel pain at least 6 months

  • –

    Pain on palpation

  • –

    Failure in conventional treatment

  • –

    Pain worsens in the first few steps

  • –

    Pain increased with activities
  • –

    Corticosteroid injection

  • –

    Rheumatic diseases

  • –

    History of foot or lumbar spine surgery

  • EG: HILT + insole + SE

  • CG: LLLT + insole + SE
  • –

    Wavelength: 1.064 nm (Nd: YAG)

  • –

    OP: 12 W – Dose: continuous, 8 W, 6 J/cm2, 150 J (session 1–3); continuous, 6 W, 120–150 J/cm2 (session 4–10)

  • –

    Application: scan

  • –

    Time: 75 sec (sessión 1–3); 30 sec (session 4–10)

  • –

    Area: NS

9s (3 weeks)
  • –

    PI (VAS)

  • –

    Heel sensivity (HTI)

  • –

    PI (FAOS)

  • –

    Symtoms (FAOS)

  • –

    Disability-DLA (FAOS)

  • –

    Sports and recreation (FAOS)

  • –

    QoL (FAOS)

  • T0 = baseline

  • T1 = 3 weeks

  • (post-treatment)

4Naruseviciute 2020 [29] LithuanianThe effect of high-intensity versus low-level laser therapy in the management of plantar fasciitis: randomized participant blind controlled trial8/10

  • N = 102

  • EG = 51

  • (43 ♀;8 ♂)

  • CG = 51

  • (13 ♀;38 ♂)

  • 56.2±10.6
  • –

    Age ≥ 18

  • –

    Unilateral pain in the first steps

  • –

    Plantar sensitivity
  • –

    Laser pretreatment

  • –

    Other foot pathologies

  • –

    Recent foot surgery or trauma

  • –

    Wounds or infections

  • –

    Altered sensitivity

  • –

    Implants

  • –

    Changes in skin pigmentation

  • –

    Corticosteroid injection

  • –

    Rheumatoid diseases

  • –

    Plantar pain of neurological origin

  • –

    Fever

  • –

    Malignancy

  • –

    Pregnancy

  • EG: HILT + SE + criotherapy + insole

  • CG: LLLT + SE + criotherapy + insole
  • –

    Wavelength: 1.064 nm (Nd: YAG)

  • –

    OP: 12W

  • –

    Dose: Phase 1 = continuous, 7 W, 120 J/cm2, 840 J. Phase 2: continuous, 7 W, 120 J/cm2, 2160 J

  • –

    Application: slow scan (phase 1), fast scan (phase 2)

  • –

    Time: 428 sec

  • –

    Area: 25 cm2

8s (3 weeks)
  • –

    Pain intensity (VAS)

  • –

    Pain at movement (VAS)

  • –

    PPT (ALG)

  • –

    Fascia thicknees (USG)

  • T0 = baseline

  • T1 = 3 weeks

  • (post-treatment)

  • T2 = 3–4

  • weeks (follow-up)

5Yesil 2020 [30] TurkeyThe effect of high intensity laser therapy in the management of painful calcaneal spur: a double blind, placebo-controlled study7/10

  • N = 42

  • EG = 21

  • (18♀;3♂)

  • CG = 21

  • (18♀;3♂)

  • 45.7 ± 10.8
  • –

    Pain at least of 1 month

  • –

    Pain on palpation

  • –

    Calcaneal spur (X-ray)
  • –

    Abnormal complete blood count

  • –

    Corticosteroid injections

  • –

    Concomitant pathology

  • –

    Pregnancy

  • –

    Malignancy

  • –

    PF treatments in the last months

  • –

    Treatment with HILT

  • EG: HILT + SE

  • CG: Sham HILT + SE
  • –

    Wavelength: 1.064 nm (Nd: YAG)

  • –

    OP: 3.000 W – Dose: Phase 1 = pulsed, 970–1170 mJ/cm2, 624 J; Phase 2 = pulsed, 360–610 mJ/cm2, 25.3 J; Phase 3 = pulsed, 970–1170 mJ/cm2, 624 J

  • –

    Application: Phase 1 (fast scan); Phase 2 (punctual); Phase 3 (slow scan)

  • –

    Time: 10min

  • –

    Area: 100 cm2

15s (3 weeks)
  • –

    PI (VAS)

  • –

    PI (FAOS)

  • –

    Symtoms (FAOS)

  • –

    Disability-ALD (FAOS)

  • –

    Sports and recreation (FAOS)

  • –

    QoL (FAOS)

  • –

    QoL (SF-36)

  • –

    Plantar pressure (Pedograph)

  • T0 = baseline

  • T1 = 4 weeks (post-treatment)

  • T2 = 12 weeks (follow-up)

6Tkocz 2021 [31] PolandA randomised-controlled clinical study examining the effect of high-intensity laser therapy on the management of painful calcaneal spur with plantar fasciitis7/10

  • N = 60

  • EG = 30

  • (19♀;11♂)

  • CG = 30

  • (17♀;13♂)

  • 60.2 ± 11.0
  • –

    Age ≥ 18

  • –

    PF older than 6 months

  • –

    Persistent plantar pain

  • –

    Calcaneal spur (X-ray)
  • –

    Malignancy

  • –

    Pregnancy

  • –

    Pacemaker

  • –

    Skin diseases

  • –

    Other foot conditions

  • –

    Mental and sensory disorders

  • EG: HILT + US

  • CG: Sham HILT + US
  • –

    Wavelength: 1.064 nm (Nd: YAG)

  • –

    OP: 15 W – Dose: 7 W, pulsed, 149.9 J/cm2, 4496 J

  • –

    Application: punctual

  • –

    Time: 12 min

  • –

    Area: 100 cm2

15s (3 weeks)
  • –

    PI (VAS)

  • –

    PI (LPS)

  • T0 = baseline

  • T1 = 3 weeks (post-treatment)

  • T2 = 1 week (follow-up)

  • T3 = 12 weeks (follow-up)

7Khan 2022 [32] MalaysiaEffectiveness of high intensity Hilthera 4.0 laser treatment on patients with plantar fasciitis+4/10

  • N = 22

  • EG = 22

  • (11 ♀;11 ♂)

  • 45.4 ± 12.8
  • –

    Diagnosis of unilateral or bilateral PF

  • –

    20–70 years

  • –

    Acute PF
  • –

    Lower limb injuries

  • –

    Foot deformity

  • –

    Diabetes

  • EG: HILT

  • CG: NA
  • –

    Wavelength: 1.064 nm (Nd: YAG)

  • –

    OPr: 3.000 W – Dose: 3.000 W, pulsed (1-100Hz) and 500 J

  • –

    Application: NS

  • –

    Time: 15min

  • –

    Area: NS

8s (4 weeks)
  • –

    PI (VAS)

  • –

    Disability (FFI)

  • T0 = baseline

  • T1 = 4 weeks (post-treatment)

8Thammajaree 2023 [33] ThailandEffects of radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy versus high intensity laser therapy in individuals with plantar fasciitis: A randomized clinical trial9/9

  • N = 32

  • EG = 16

  • (8♀;8♂)

  • CG=16

  • (8♀;8♂)

  • 47.1 ± 10.2
  • –

    Age ≥18

  • –

    Unilateral foot pain

  • –

    Pain at medial calcaneal tuberosity (VAS ≥ 2)

  • –

    Pain at the first step in the morning (VAS ≥ 2)
  • –

    Other musculoskeletal disorders

  • –

    Prior surgery

  • –

    Metallic implants

  • –

    Acute PF or severe pain (VAS = 10)

  • –

    Unable to bear weight (Ottawa's rule)

  • –

    NSAIDs

  • –

    Malignancy

  • –

    Autoimmune or vascular disease

  • –

    Diabetes

  • –

    Pregnancy

  • –

    Local Tattoos

  • –

    Nerve or neurologic impairments

  • –

    BMI ≥ 29

  • EG: HILTC

  • G: ECSWT
  • –

    Wavelength: 1.064 nm (Nd: YAG)

  • –

    OP: 6 W – Dose: Phase 1 = pulsed, 5 J/cm2,, 60J; Phase 2 = pulsed, 5 J/cm2, 30J; Phase 3 = pulsed, 5J/cm2, 60J

  • –

    Application: Phase 1 (fast scan); Phase 2 (punctual); Phase 3 (slow scan)

  • –

    Time: 15 min

  • –

    Area: 12 cm2

6s (3 weeks)
  • –

    PI (VAS)

  • –

    Pressure pain (VAS)

  • –

    Skin blood flow and temperature (LDF)

  • –

    Fascia thicknees (USG)

  • –

    Disability (FFI)

  • T0 = baseline

  • T1 = end of the first session

  • T2 = 1 week

  • T3 = 2 weeks

  • T4 = 3 weeks (post-treatment)

9Riaz 2023 [34]PakistanComparison of Extracorporeal Shockwave and High-Intensity Laser in Treating Chronic Plantar Fasciitis– A single-blinded Randomized controlled trial7/10

  • N = 45

  • EG = 15 (NS)

  • CG1 = 15 (NS)

  • CG2 = (NS)

  • 38.37 ± 11.9
  • –

    Chronic PF diagnosis

  • –

    Age ≥ 18

  • –

    Pain at the first step (VAS ≥ 2)
  • –

    PF surgery

  • –

    Pregnancy

  • –

    Pacemaker

  • –

    Bleeding disorder

  • –

    Malignancy

  • –

    Calcaneus stress fracture

  • EG: HILT + HE

  • CG: ECSWT + HE

  • CG2: HE
  • –

    Wavelength: 980 nm (Nd: YAG)

  • –

    OP: 30W– Dose: 10.000J

  • –

    Application: slow scan

  • –

    Time: NS

  • –

    Area: NS

9s (3 weeks)
  • –

    PI (VAS)

  • –

    Disability (FFI)

  • T0 = baseline

  • T1 = 3 weeks (post-treatment)

  • T2 = 12 weeks (follow-up)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/areh.2023.131577 | Journal eISSN: 1734-4948
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English
Page range: 34 - 51
Submitted on: Aug 14, 2023
|
Accepted on: Sep 24, 2023
|
Published on: Sep 25, 2023
Published by: University of Physical Education in Warsaw
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
high-intensity laser therapy,
laser therapy,
phototherapy,
plantar fasciitis
Related subjects:
Medicine,
Clinical medicine,
Physical and rehabilitation medicine,
Rheumatology,
Cardiology,
Sports and recreation,
Sports and recreation, other

© 2023 Hernán Andrés de la Barra Ortiz, Faviola Jélvez, Diego Parraguez, Florencia Pérez, Catalina Vargas, published by University of Physical Education in Warsaw
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License.

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