Fig. 1.
Between group comparison scores for various physical components and sports specific skills
| Outcome measures | Group-A (n = 20) | Group-B (n = 20) | t-value | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30-yard dash test (sec) | 0.41 ± 0.28 | 0.58 ± 0.24 | −2.107 | 0.021* |
| Illinois agility test (sec) | 0.55 ± 0.30 | 1.37 ± 0.49 | −6.455 | < 0.001* |
| Vertical jump height (cm) | −1.87 ± 0.55 | −3.94 ± 1.43 | 6.046 | < 0.001* |
| Sit and reach test (cm) | −1.91 ± 0.80 | −4.89 ± 1.82 | 6.742 | < 0.001* |
| SEBT-Anterior (cm) | −1.06 ± 2.69 | −4.68 ± 3.52 | 3.655 | < 0.001* |
| SEBT-Posterior (cm) | −0.97 ±11.03 | −0.89 ± 12.34 | −0.020 | 0.492 |
| SEBT-Medial (cm) | −1.81 ± 13.69 | −3.76 ± 13.93 | 0.446 | 0.329 |
| SEBT-Lateral (cm) | −2.25 ± 10.01 | −0.09 ± 10.60 | −0.661 | 0.256 |
| SEBT-Antero-Lateral (cm) | 1.28 ± 9.67 | −1.34 ± 14.74 | 0.663 | 0.256 |
| SEBT-Antero-Medial (cm) | 0.34 ± 13.55 | 0.43 ± 10.47 | −0.023 | 0.491 |
| SEBT-Postero-Lateral (cm) | −1.11 ± 10.50 | 1.02 ± 10.73 | −0.637 | 0.264 |
| SEBT-Postero-Medial (cm) | 0.20 ± 13.24 | 1.91 ± 15.49 | −0.376 | 0.355 |
| 30-m running with ball test (sec) | 0.54 ± 0.35 | 1.01 ± 0.37 | −4.120 | < 0.001* |
| Kicking accuracy test (No. of correct shots) | −0.55 ± 1.47 | −1.25 ± 1.33 | 1.579 | 0.061 |
| Juggling (No. of ball touches to body) | −2.75 ± 5.09 | −7.45 ± 6.56 | 2.533 | 0.008* |
Baseline comparison of demographic characteristics and outcome measures between the groups (n = 40)
| Demographic characteristics/Outcome measures | Group-A (n = 20) | Group-B (n = 20) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 21.10 ± 2.75 | 20.95 ± 2.01 | 0.845 |
| Height (m) | 1.67 ± 0.07 | 1.67 ± 0.07 | 0.770 |
| Weight (kg) | 61.50 ± 13.96 | 60.70 ± 9.21 | 0.832 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.04 ± 4.22 | 21.62 ± 2.44 | 0.70 |
| 30-yard dash test (sec) | 4.95 ± 0.44 | 4.86 ± 0.51 | 0.558 |
| Illinois agility test (sec) | 17.01 ± 0.72 | 16.92 ± 0.92 | 0.725 |
| Vertical jump height (cm) | 39.86 ± 7.71 | 38.47 ± 5.89 | 0.526 |
| Sit and reach test (cm) | 29.68 ± 3.78 | 29.17 ± 3.42 | 0.654 |
| SEBT-Anterior (cm) | 77.29 ± 7.82 | 80.04 ± 7.14 | 0.253 |
| SEBT-Posterior (cm) | 68.75 ± 8.63 | 71.90 ± 7.57 | 0.228 |
| SEBT-Medial (cm) | 77.45 ± 8.35 | 77.58 ± 9.48 | 0.963 |
| SEBT-Lateral (cm) | 50.37 ± 7.56 | 51.31 ± 9.10 | 0.725 |
| SEBT-Antero-Lateral (cm) | 69.86 ± 6.56 | 70.68 ± 9.80 | 0.803 |
| SEBT-Antero-Medial (cm) | 86.57 ± 9.18 | 87.26 ± 8.15 | 0.755 |
| SEBT-Postero-Lateral (cm) | 63.18 ± 6.33 | 63.36 ± 6.97 | 0.936 |
| SEBT-Postero-Medial (cm) | 80.56 ± 9.59 | 80.82 ± 11.08 | 0.932 |
| 30-m running with ball test (sec) | 5.75 ± 0.39 | 5.68 ± 0.49 | 0.637 |
| Kicking accuracy test (No. of correct shots) | 6.15 ± 1.50 | 6.60 ± 1.35 | 0.325 |
| Juggling (No. of ball touches to body) | 19.55 ± 8.17 | 21.60 ± 6.83 | 0.395 |
Within group comparison scores for various physical components and sports specific skills in Experimental Group (Group-B)
| Outcome measures | Baseline | After 8 Weeks | t-value | p-value | Cohen’s d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30-yard dash test (sec) | 4.86 ± 0.51 | 4.27 ± 0.46 | 10.798 | < 0.001* | 0.241 |
| Illinois agility test (sec) | 16.92 ± 0.92 | 15.55 ± 0.85 | 12.609 | < 0.001* | 0.485 |
| Vertical jump height (cm) | 38.47 ± 5.89 | 42.40 ± 5.73 | −12.349 | < 0.001* | 1.425 |
| Sit and reach test (cm) | 29.17 ± 3.42 | 34.06 ± 3.88 | −12.048 | < 0.001* | 1.817 |
| SEBT-Anterior (cm) | 80.04 ± 7.14 | 84.72 ± 5.41 | −5.943 | 0.001* | 3.523 |
| SEBT-Posterior (cm) | 71.90 ± 7.57 | 72.79 ± 7.98 | −0.324 | 0.270 | 12.336 |
| SEBT-Medial (cm) | 77.58 ± 9.48 | 81.34 ± 8.99 | −1.207 | 0.563 | 13.931 |
| SEBT-Lateral (cm) | 51.31 ± 9.10 | 51.40 ± 10.21 | −0.039 | 0.079 | 10.599 |
| SEBT-Antero-Lateral (cm) | 70.68 ± 9.80 | 72.02 ± 10.58 | −0.406 | 0.852 | 14.740 |
| SEBT-Antero-Medial (cm) | 87.26 ± 8.15 | 86.84 ± 8.63 | 0.182 | 0.347 | 10.471 |
| SEBT-Postero-Lateral (cm) | 63.36 ± 6.97 | 62.34 ± 7.95 | 0.426 | 0.901 | 10.729 |
| SEBT-Postero-Medial (cm) | 80.82 ± 11.08 | 78.91 ± 12.13 | 0.551 | 0.641 | 15.493 |
| 30-m running with ball test (sec) | 5.68 ± 0.49 | 4.67 ± 0.50 | 12.155 | < 0.001* | 0.371 |
| Kicking accuracy test (No. of correct shots) | 6.60 ± 1.35 | 7.85 ± 1.27 | −4.194 | < 0.001* | 1.332 |
| Juggling (No. of ball touches to body) | 21.60 ± 6.83 | 29.05 ± 8.27 | −5.081 | < 0.001* | 6.557 |
Exercise protocol for 8 week calisthenics training
| Exercises | Ist | IInd | IIIrd | IVth | Vth | VIth | VIIth | VIIIth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1) Push-ups | 2 × 10 | 2 × 10 | 2 × 15 | 2 × 15 | 3 × 10 | 3 × 10 | 3 × 15 | 3 × 15 |
| 2) Lower abdominal plank | 2 × 10 | 2 × 10 | 2 × 15 | 2 × 15 | 3 × 10 | 3 × 10 | 3 × 15 | 3 × 15 |
| 3) Static lunges | 2 × 10 | 2 × 10 | 2 × 15 | 2 × 15 | 3 × 10 | 3 × 10 | 3 × 15 | 3 × 15 |
| 4) Plank push-up hold | 2 × 10 | 2 × 10 | 2 × 15 | 2 × 15 | 3 × 10 | 3 × 10 | 3 × 15 | 3 × 15 |
| 5) Pistol squat progression | 2 × 10 | 2 × 10 | 2 × 15 | 2 × 15 | 3 × 10 | 3 × 10 | 3 × 15 | 3 × 15 |
| 6) Plyo-jack | 2 × 15 | 2 × 15 | 3 × 10 | 3 × 10 | 3 × 15 | 3 × 15 | ||
| 7) Superman | 3 × 10 | 3 × 10 | 3 × 15 | 3 × 15 | ||||
| 8) V-up | 3 × 10 | 3 × 10 | 3 × 15 | 3 × 15 | ||||
| 9) Mountain climber | 3 × 15 | 3 × 15 |
Within group comparison scores for various physical components and sports specific skills in Control Group (Group-A)
| Outcome measures | Baseline | After 8 Weeks | t-value | p-value | Cohen’s d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30-yard dash test (sec) | 4.95 ± 0.44 | 4.54 ± 0.45 | 6.400 | < 0.001* | 0.284 |
| Illinois agility test (sec) | 17.01 ± 0.72 | 16.47 ± 0.72 | 8.172 | < 0.001* | 0.298 |
| Vertical jump height (cm) | 39.86 ± 7.71 | 41.73 ± 7.59 | −15.213 | < 0.001* | 0.549 |
| Sit and reach test (cm) | 29.68 ± 3.78 | 31.59 ± 3.81 | −10.716 | < 0.001* | 0.795 |
| SEBT-Anterior (cm) | 77.29 ± 7.82 | 78.35 ± 6.40 | −1.766 | 0.001* | 2.686 |
| SEBT-Posterior (cm) | 68.75 ± 8.63 | 69.72 ± 7.73 | −0.393 | 0.690 | 11.025 |
| SEBT-Medial (cm) | 77.45 ± 8.35 | 79.26 ± 9.63 | −0.591 | 0.511 | 13.690 |
| SEBT-Lateral (cm) | 50.37 ± 7.56 | 52.62 ± 6.52 | −1.004 | 0.979 | 10.012 |
| SEBT-Antero-Lateral (cm) | 69.86 ± 6.56 | 68.58 ± 7.34 | 0.591 | 0.862 | 9.665 |
| SEBT-Antero-Medial (cm) | 86.57 ± 9.18 | 86.24 ± 9.50 | 0.111 | 0.828 | 13.548 |
| SEBT-Postero-Lateral (cm) | 63.18 ± 6.33 | 64.29 ± 7.58 | −0.475 | 0.580 | 10.497 |
| SEBT-Postero-Medial (cm) | 80.56 ± 9.59 | 80.36 ± 11.24 | 0.066 | 0.399 | 13.235 |
| 30-m running with ball test (sec) | 5.75 ± 0.39 | 5.21 ± 0.39 | 6.864 | <0.001* | 0.351 |
| Kicking accuracy test (No. of correct shots) | 6.15 ± 1.50 | 6.70 ± 1.63 | −1.675 | 0.110 | 1.468 |
| Juggling (No. of ball touches to body) | 19.55 ± 8.17 | 22.30 ± 6.50 | −2.417 | 0.026* | 5.087 |