Fig. 1.
Baseline data scores for various study outcomes in three groups
| Variables | Group-A Mean ± SD | Group-B Mean ± SD | Group-C Mean ± SD | F-Ratio | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Numerical pain rating scale | 5.53 ± 0.92 | 5.93 ± 0.70 | 5.53 ± 0.92 | 1.105 | 0.341 |
| Lumbar Flexion | 4.95 ± 0.41 | 4.95 ± 0.29 | 5.07 ± 0.25 | 0.659 | 0.523 |
| Lumbar Extension | 1.23 ± 0.35 | 1.29 ± 0.35 | 1.30 ± 0.42 | 0.166 | 0.848 |
| Oswestry Disability Index | 30.90 ± 11.16 | 30.31 ± 9.95 | 23.99 ± 7.74 | 2.323 | 0.110 |
| Short Form-36 scale | 58.45 ± 10.51 | 48.91 ± 10.76 | 56.70 ± 10.86 | 3.373 | 0.044* |
Showing between group comparison scores for all the outcome measures
| Variables | Group-A | Group-B | Group-C | F-Ratio | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Numerical pain rating scale | 4.93 ± 1.16 | 5.27 ± 0.88 | 4.53 ± 1.19 | 1.712 | 0.193 |
| Lumbar Flexion | 0.73 ± 0.22 | 0.64 ± 0.25 | 0.41 ± 0.13 | 9.251 | 0.001* |
| Lumbar Extension | 0.25 ± 0.16 | 0.10 ± 0.10 | 0.15 ± 0.13 | 5.298 | 0.009* |
| Oswestry Disability Index | −26.21 ± 7.43 | −23.33 ± 9.37 | −16.99 ± 5.58 | 5.742 | 0.006* |
| Short Form-36 scale | 18.61 ± 5.88 | 20.40 ± 10.23 | 13.68 ± 7.91 | 2.709 | 0.078 |
Demographic characteristics of participants
| Characteristics | Group-A Mean ± SD | Group-B Mean ± SD | Group-C Mean ± SD | F-Ratio | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 34.93 ± 9.43 | 42.47 ± 10.15 | 38.20 ± 7.27 | 2.622 | 0.085 |
| Height (m) | 1.66 ± 0.04 | 1.65 ± 0.06 | 1.68 ± 0.05 | 1.267 | 0.292 |
| Weight (kg) | 62.00 ± 8.50 | 67.20 ± 12.43 | 67.13 ± 8.67 | 1.326 | 0.276 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.48 ± 2.79 | 24.56 ± 4.10 | 23.72 ± 2.75 | 1.527 | 0.229 |
Various study parameters at different time points in each group for study
| Variables | Duration | Group-A | Group-B | Group-C | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | p | Mean ± SD | p | Mean ± SD | p | ||
| NPRS | Baseline | 5.53 ± 0.92 | 0.001* | 5.93 ± 0.70 | 0.001* | 5.53 ± 0.92 | 0.001* |
| 2 Weeks | 2.40 ± 0.74 | 2.47 ± 0.83 | 3.00 ± 0.65 | ||||
| 4 Weeks | 0.23 ± 0.44 | 0.30 ± 0.63 | 0.77 ± 0.73 | ||||
| Lumbar Flexion | Baseline | 4.95 ± 0.41 | 0.001* | 4.95 ± 0.29 | 0.001* | 5.07 ± 0.25 | 0.001* |
| 2 Weeks | 5.40 ± 0.29 | 5.33 ± 0.30 | 5.40 ± 0.23 | ||||
| 4 Weeks | 5.76 ± 0.29 | 5.60 ± 0.25 | 5.45 ± 0.21 | ||||
| Lumbar Extension | Baseline | 1.23 ± 0.35 | 0.046* | 1.29 ± 0.35 | 0.552 | 1.30 ± 0.42 | 0.567 |
| 2 Weeks | 1.37 ± 0.28 | 1.35 ± 0.32 | 1.41 ± 0.34 | ||||
| 4 Weeks | 1.52 ± 0.25 | 1.42 ± 0.31 | 1.44 ± 0.34 | ||||
| ODI | Baseline | 30.90 ± 11.16 | 0.001* | 30.31 ± 9.95 | 0.001* | 23.99 ± 7.74 | 0.001* |
| 2 Weeks | 14.03 ± 6.40 | 14.37 ± 6.46 | 13.64 ± 5.43 | ||||
| 4 Weeks | 3.54 ± 4.73 | 5.83 ± 4.37 | 5.70 ± 3.45 | ||||
| SF-36 | Baseline | 58.45 ± 10.51 | 0.001* | 48.91 ± 10.76 | 0.001* | 56.70 ± 10.86 | 0.006* |
| 2 Weeks | 73.48 ± 11.95 | 66.04 ± 8.60 | 66.44 ± 11.92 | ||||
| 4 Weeks | 77.97 ± 9.94 | 69.76 ± 8.65 | 70.29 ± 9.91 | ||||