Fig. 1.
Demographic characteristics of the 138 participants at admission to the intensive rehabilitation unit
| All sample N = 138 | Without sleep disturbance* N = 74 | With sleep disturbance* N = 64 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age ± SD | 70.4 ± 12.41 | 70.1 ± 14.12 | 70.7 ± 10.18 | 0.80 |
| Females number (%) | 47 (34.1) | 46 (62.2) | 46 (71.9) | 0.93 |
| Occupation number (%) | ||||
| Employee | 26 (18.8) | 16 (21.6) | 10 (15.6) | |
| Private job | 12 (8.7) | 6 (8.1) | 6 (9.4) | |
| Retired | 100 (72.5) | 52 (70.3) | 48 (75) | |
| Family number (%) | ||||
| Married | 76 (55.1) | 35 (47.3) | 41 (64.1) | |
| Single | 33 (23.9) | 23 (31.1) | 10 (15.6) | |
| Widow | 29 (21) | 16 (21.6) | 13 (20.3) | |
| Barthel Index mean ± SD | 40.2 ± 5.9 | 40.19 ± 5.8 | 40.22 ± 6 | 0.97 |
Difference of Barthel index score between t0 (admission to the intensive rehabilitation unit) and t2 (25 days after admission) assessed through t-test for paired samples_ Differences at t2 between subsamples of people with or without sleep disturbance assessed through t-test for independent samples
| All sample (77) T0 mean ± SD | All sample (77) T2 | P | Without sleep disturbance* (14) T2 | With sleep disturbance* (63) T2 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feeding | 9.65 ± 0.89 | 10 ± 0 | <0.001 | 10 ± 0 | 10 ± 0 | |
| Bathing | 0.78 ± 1.20 | 4.35 ± 1.13 | <0.001 | 4.56 ± 0.16 | 4.30 ± 0.16 | 0.404 |
| Grooming | 1.47 ± 1.10 | 4.88 ± 0.56 | <0.001 | 4.88 ± 0.13 | 4.89 ± 0.07 | 0.949 |
| Dressing | 3.16 ± 1.69 | 8.82 ± 2.00 | <0.001 | 9.44 ± 0.34 | 8.66 ± 0.27 | 0.167 |
| Bowel | 9.60 ± 1.21 | 9.95 ± 0.32 | <0.01 | 10 ± 0 | 9.93 ± 0.05 | 0.470 |
| Bladder | 8.81 ± 2.36 | 9.74 ± 1.04 | <0.001 | 10 ± 0 | 9.67 | 0.266 |
| Toilet use | 1.84 ± 2.01 | 9.49 ± 1.92 | <0.001 | 9.38 ± 0.63 | 9.52 | 0.784 |
| Transfer | 3.12 ± 1.70 | 14.36 ± 2.50 | <0.001 | 14.25 ± 0.75 | 14.39 | 0.838 |
| Mobility | 0.35 ± 0.97 | 13.47 ± 3.93 | <0.001 | 13.63 ± 0.85 | 13.43 | 0.858 |
| Stairs | 0.04 ± 0.34 | 4.97 ± 4.30 | <0.001 | 4.38 ± 1.04 | 5.13 | 0.535 |
| Wheelchair use | 1.12 ± 1.36 | 2.70 ± 2.49 | <0.001 | 1.56 ± 0.60 | 2.95 | 0.046 |
| Total | 39.87 ± 5.81 | 92.70 ± 13.50 | <0.001 | 92.06 ± 3.14 | 92.87 | 0.833 |
Comparison between the averages of scores on the GSDS-IT in the total score as well as in the scores of all sub-scales between times t0 and t2
| GSDS | All sample (77) T0 mean ± SD | All sample (77) T1 mean ± SD | All sample (77) T2 | p t0-t2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initial insomnia | 1.78 ± 2.75 | 3.83 ± 3.24 | 3.65 ± 3.26 | <0.001 |
| Maintenance insomnia | 3.06 ± 2.51 | 4.65 ± 2.22 | 5.13 ± 2.14 | <0.001 |
| Quality of sleep | 0.46 ± 1.76 | 2.05 ± 2.07 | 1.81 ± 2.06 | <0.001 |
| Quantity of sleep | 1.12 ± 1.54 | 1.97 ± 1.70 | 1.82 ± 1.69 | <0.01 |
| Daytime functionality | 2.50 ± 1.02 | 2.75 ± 1.35 | 2.62 ± 1.17 | 0.488 |
| Use of substances that help induce sleep | 0.30 ± 0.60 | 0.87 ± 0.80 | 0.73 ± 0.76 | <0.001 |
| Total | 39.07 ± 12.09 | 53.48 ± 15.71 | 49.86 ± 13.30 | <0.001 |
Difference of Barthel index score between t0 (admission to the intensive rehabilitation unit) and t1 (7 days after admission) assessed through t-test for paired samples_ Differences at t2 between subsamples of people with or without sleep disturbance assessed through t-test for independent samples
| All sample (138) T0 mean ± SD | All sample (138) T1 mean ± SD | P | Without sleep disturbance* (28) T1 mean ± SD | With sleep disturbance* T1 (110) mean ± SD | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feeding | 9.43 ± 1.55 | 9.78 ± 0.85 | <0.01 | 10 ± 0 | 9.72 ±0.95 | 0.12 |
| Bathing | 0.82 ± 1.09 | 3.57 ± 1.59 | <0.001 | 3.82 ± 1.63 | 3.50 ± 1.58 | 0.34 |
| Grooming | 1.55 ± 1.08 | 4.68 ± 1.01 | <0.001 | 4.64 ± 1.10 | 4.69 ± 0.99 | 0.82 |
| Dressing | 3.38 ± 1.76 | 7.62 ± 2.57 | <0.001 | 7.54 ± 2.50 | 7.65 ± 2.59 | 0.84 |
| Bowel | 9.53 ± 1.25 | 9.64 ± 1.41 | 0.52 | 9.50 ± 1.93 | 9.67 ± 1.25 | 0.56 |
| Bladder | 8.61 ± 2.58 | 9.33 ± 1.95 | <0.01 | 8.86 ± 3.15 | 9.45 ± 1.50 | 0.15 |
| Toilet use | 1.98 ± 1.90 | 8 ± 3.56 | <0.001 | 7.86 ± 3.55 | 8.04 ± 3.58 | 0.81 |
| Transfer | 3.25 ± 1.78 | 12.38 ± 4.50 | <0.001 | 12.57 ± 4.11 | 12.33 ± 4.60 | 0.80 |
| Mobility | 0.60 ± 1.34 | 9.36 ± 6.39 | <0.001 | 8.46 ± 6.83 | 9.59 ± 6.28 | 0.41 |
| Stairs | 0.04 ± 0.30 | 1.51 ± 3.19 | <0.001 | 0.71 ± 1.96 | 1.71 ± 3.41 | 0.14 |
| Wheelchair use | 1.14 ± 1.47 | 0.80 ± 1.80 | 0.10 | 0.89 ± 1.95 | 0.77 ± 1.77 | 0.75 |
| Total | 40.31 ± 5.88 | 76.66 ± 19.15 | <0.001 | 74.86 ± 18.17 | 77.12 ± 19.45 | 0.58 |