Demographic and clinical characteristic of the groups
| TMD (n = 20) | TMD-OD (n = 20) | Healthy (n = 20) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 29.40 ± 5.36 | 32.15 ± 7.78 | 29.55 ± 8.46 | 0.416 |
| Height (cm) | 168.85 ± 7.65 | 165.25 ± 9.32 | 171.45 ± 7.16 | 0.060 |
| Weight (kg) | 66.25 ± 13.81 | 69.35 ± 12.70 | 68.40 ± 13.91 | 0.759 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.08 ± 3.67 | 25.55 ± 4.71 | 23.16 ± 3.94 | 0.109 |
| Head Posture (degree) | 44.20 ± 2.70 | 43.90 ± 4.24 | 45.15 ± 2.10 | 0.558 |
| N (%) | ||||
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 12 (60%) | 17 (85%) | 15 (75%) | 0.198 |
| Male | 8 (40%) | 3 (15%) | 5 (25%) | |
| N (%) | ||||
| TMD classification | ||||
| Myofascial problems | 9 (45%) | 4 (20%) | ||
| Disc problems | 6 (30%) | 9 (45%) | ||
| Joint degeneration | 5 (25%) | 7 (35%) | ||
Comparisons of the swallowing-related quality of life parameters
| Swal-QoL | TMD X ± SD (n:20) | TMD-OD X ± SD (n:20) | p | Effect size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| General burden | 100.00 | 81.87 ± 11.08 | 0.000* | 2.313 |
| Food selection | 100.00 | 62.50 ± 13.45 | 0.000* | 3.942 |
| Eating duration | 95.00 ± 8.50 | 73.12 ± 4.57 | 0.000* | 3.206 |
| Eating desire | 97.00 ± 5.34 | 76.52 ± 7.31 | 0.000* | 3.199 |
| Fear of eating | 100.00 | 76.00 ± 10.43 | 0.000* | 3.254 |
| Sleep | 93.75 ± 11.10 | 70.62 ± 20.38 | 0.000* | 1.409 |
| Fatigue | 98.75 ± 5.59 | 67.07 ± 10.97 | 0.000* | 3.638 |
| Communication | 100.00 | 83.12 ± 9.31 | 0.000* | 2.564 |
| Mental health | 100.00 | 70.00 ± 12.77 | 0.000* | 3.322 |
| Social Functioning | 100.00 | 84.25 ± 14.19 | 0.000* | 1.569 |
| Total Scale | 98.45 ± 1.72 | 75.38 ± 8.78 | 0.000* | 3.646 |
Comparisons of jaw function limitation and swallowing disorder severity values
| TMD X ± SD (n:20) | TMD-OD X ± SD (n:20) | p | Effect size | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JFLS-20 | 21.25 ± 11.31 | 47.90 ± 16.85 | 0.000* | 1.850 |
| EAT-10 | 0.45 ± 0.51 | 12.20 ± 5.29 | 0.000* | 3.126 |
Comparisons of tongue strength, endurance and maximum mouth opening values
| TMD X ± SD (n:20) | TMD-OD X ± SD (n:20) | Healthy X ± SD (n:20) | F | p | Post hoc comparisons | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anterior Tongue Strength (kPa) | 42.50 ± 9.13 | 40.60 ± 8.43 | 52.20 ± 6.80 | 11.56 | 0.000* | 1,2–3 |
| Posterior Tongue Strength (kPa) | 36.85 ± 8.65 | 35.30 ± 8.87 | 47.30 ± 6.96 | 12.64 | 0.000* | 1,2–3 |
| Tongue Endurance (sn) | 19.70 ± 4.73 | 19.65 ± 5.63 | 26.70 ± 6.75 | 9.47 | 0.000* | 1,2–3 |
| Maximum Mouth Opening (mm) | 38.15 ± 5.14 | 32.20 ± 4.70 | 43.00 ± 3.09 | 30.16 | 0.000* | 1–2–3 |
Comparisons of pain intensity and pain history of the groups
| Pain | TMD X ± SD (n:20) | TMD-OD X ± SD (n:20) | p | Effect size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VAS (0–10 cm) | 4.75 ± 0.91 | 5.20 ± 1.15 | 0.178 | – |
| Pain History (years) | 0.72 ± 0.39 | 3.31 ± 2.41 | 0.000* | 1.506 |