Fig. 1.
BMI and DRA
| BMI | DRA | Total | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (%) | Absent (%) | |||
| <normal | 90 (9) | 10 (1) | 10 (4.2%) | |
| normal | 54.9 (89) | 45.1 (73) | 162 (67.8%) | |
| >normal | 70.1 (47) | 29.9 (20) | 67 (28%) | |
| Total | 145 (60.7%) | 94 (39.3%) | 239 (100%) | |
| Chi2 = 8.36 | P = 0.01 | φ = 0.19 | ||
Accompanying dysfunctions and DRA
| Accompanying dysfunctions | DRA | Total | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (%) | Absent (%) | |||
| Present | 64.2 | 35.8 | 190 (79.5%) | |
| Absent | 46.9 | 53.1 | 49 (20.5%) | |
| Chi2 = 4.87 P = 0.03 | φ = 0.14 | |||
| Dysfunctions | ||||
| Spinal pain | 64.5 | 35.5 | 152 | |
| Urinary incontinence | 69 | 31 | 42 | |
| Peristaltic disorders | 64.9 | 35.1 | 57 | |
| Sexual disorders | 57.5 | 42.5 | 40 | |
| Abdominal hernia | 80.5 | 19.5 | 41 | |
| Groin hernia | 50 | 50 | 4 | |
| Lowering of the organs of the lesser pelvis | 60.9 | 39.1 | 23 | |
| None | 44.7 | 55.3 | 47 | |
| Total | 144 (60.7%) | 94 (39.3%) | 239 (100%) | |
Number of pregnancies, the type of last delivery, newborn body mass, newborn body length, regular use of shapewear, and DRA
| DRA | Total | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (%) | Absent (%) | ||||
| Number of pregnancies | |||||
| One | 55.9 (57) | 44.1 (45) | 102 (42.7%) | ||
| Two | 64.8 (57) | 35.2 (31) | 88 (26.8%) | ||
| Three | 63.2 (24) | 36.8 (14) | 38 (15.9%) | ||
| >4 | 63.6 (7) | 36.8 (4) | 11 (4.6%) | ||
| Chi2 = 1.74 | P = 0.62 | φ = 0.09 | |||
| Type of last delivery | |||||
| Vaginal delivery | 55 (66) | 45 (54) | 120 (50.2%) | ||
| Caesarean section | 66.4 (79) | 33.6 (40) | 119 (49.8%) | ||
| Chi2 = 3.25 | P = 0.07 | φ = 0.12 | |||
| Newborn body mass (g) | |||||
| <3500 | 58.8 (67) | 41.2 (47) | 114 (47.7%) | ||
| >3501 | 62.4 (78) | 37.6 (47) | 125 (52.3%) | ||
| Chi2 = 0.33 | P = 0.57 | φ = −0.04 | |||
| Newborn body length (cm) | |||||
| <55 | 60.2 (71) | 39.8 (47) | 18 (7.5%) | ||
| >56 | 61.2 (74) | 38.8 (47) | 221 (92.5%) | ||
| Chi2 = 0.02 | P = 0.88 | φ = −0.01 | |||
| Regular use of shapewear | |||||
| Yes | 66.7 (12) | 33.3 (6) | 118 (49.4%) | ||
| No | 60.2 (133) | 38.8 (88) | 121 (50.6%) | ||
| Chi2 = 0.29 | P = 0.59 | φ = 0.04 | |||
| Total | 145 (60.7%) | 94 (39.3%) | 239 (100%) | ||
Study population characteristics
| Mean | Standard deviation | R min–max | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 32.75 | 5.76 | 19–61 |
| Height (cm) | 165.63 | 8.53 | 150–183 |
| Body mass (kg) | 64.96 | 12.28 | 43–112 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.05 | 8.99 | 15.41–39.68 |
| Waist size (cm) | 79.27 | 11.31 | 50–120 |
| WHR* | 0.81 | 0.07 | 0.59–1.02 |
Age, education, waist size, joint mobility, general level of physical ability, and DRA
| DRA | Total | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (%) | Absent (%) | ||||
| Age | |||||
| 19–28 | 59.3 (32) | 40.7 (22) | 54 (22.6%) | ||
| 29–35 | 60.0 (69) | 40 (46) | 115 (48.1%) | ||
| 36–49 | 62.9 (44) | 37.1 (26) | 70 (29.3%) | ||
| Chi2 = 0.21 | P = 0.91 | φ = 0.03 | |||
| Education | |||||
| Secondary and vocational | 70.7 (29) | 29.3 (12) | 41 (17.2%) | ||
| higher | 58.6 (116) | 41.4 (82) | 198 (82.8%) | ||
| Chi2 = 2.1 | P = 0.15 | φ = 0.9 | |||
| Waist size (cm) | |||||
| <70 | 54.1 (33) | 45.9 (28) | 61 (25.5%) | ||
| 71 – 85 | 60.3 (73) | 39.7 (48) | 121 (50.6%) | ||
| 86 – 120 | 68.4 (39) | 31.6 (18) | 57 (23.8%) | ||
| Chi2 = 2.54 | P = 0.28 | φ = 0.1 | |||
| Joint mobility | |||||
| normal | 60.8 (113) | 39.2 (73) | 186 (77.8%) | ||
| hypermobility | 60.4 (32) | 39.6 (21) | 53 (22.2%) | ||
| Chi2 = 0.00 | P = 0.96 | φ = 0.00 | |||
| General level of physical activity | |||||
| poor | 60.5 (23) | 39.5 (15) | 38 (15.9%) | ||
| moderate | 60.8 (62) | 39.2 (40) | 102 (42.7%) | ||
| high | 60.6 (60) | 39.4 (39) | 99 (41.4%) | ||
| Chi2 = 0.00 | P = 1 | φ = 0.00 | |||
| Total | 145 (60.7%) | 94 (39.2%) | 239 (100%) | ||
Surgeries to the abdominal cavity and DRA
| Surgeries to the abdominal cavity | DRA | Total | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (%) | Absent (%) | ||||
| Yes | 70 (49) | 30 (21) | 70 (29.3%) | ||
| No | 56.8 (96) | 43.2 (73) | 169 (70.7%) | ||
| Total | 145 (60.7%) | 94 (39.3%) | 239 (100%) | ||
| Chi2 = 3.61 | P = 0.05 | φ = 0.12 | |||