Fig. 1.

Characteristics of Indonesian Para-cycling Athletes
| Respondent | Age (yrs) | Height (cm) | Weight (kg) | BMI (kg) | Class Category |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 27 | 170 | 64 | 21 | MB1 |
| 2 | 27 | 173 | 75 | 24 | MT1 |
| 3 | 27 | 170 | 78 | 25 | PilotB1 |
| 4 | 30 | 175 | 63 | 21 | MC2 |
| 5 | 25 | 170 | 61 | 21 | MC5 |
| 6 | 41 | 160 | 50 | 20 | MH3 |
| 7 | 28 | 150 | 50 | 22 | WC4 |
| 8 | 29 | 161 | 68 | 26 | MC2 |
| 9 | 36 | 170 | 53 | 18 | MC4 |
| 10 | 32 | 150 | 42 | 19 | WC5 |
| 11 | 33 | 177 | 77 | 25 | MC5 |
| 12 | 30 | 170 | 60 | 21 | MC2 |
| 13 | 30 | 175 | 63 | 21 | MC4 |
| 14 | 25 | 153 | 50 | 21 | WB1 |
| 15 | 36 | 171 | 60 | 21 | MC4 |
| 16 | 25 | 165 | 60 | 22 | MC5 |
| 17 | 26 | 160 | 56 | 22 | MB3 |
| 18 | 40 | 170 | 63 | 22 | MC3 |
| 19 | 25 | 175 | 65 | 21 | MB2 |
| Mean (SD) | 30 (5) | 167 (9) | 61 (10) | 22 (2) |
Distribution of injury types by class category
| Class Category | Types of injuries | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dislocations | Contusion/Bruises | Twist/sprain | Fractures | Strain | Others | |
| B1 | 1 | |||||
| B2 | 1 | |||||
| B3 | 1 | |||||
| C1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | |
| C2 | ||||||
| C3 | 1 | |||||
| C4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||
| C5 | 3 | 1 | ||||
| H3 | 1 | |||||
| T1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Pilot B1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
The answers to the question related to the consequences of injuries and preventative actions taken by the surveyed Indonesia elite Para-cycling athletes
| Question | Answer | Number of answers (N) | Percentage of answers (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Have you had the same injury again? | Yes | 4 | 21 |
| No | 15 | 79 | |
| Total | 19 | 100 | |
| How many average training days did you lose due to the injury? | <1 week | 11 | 58 |
| 1–2 weeks | 4 | 21 | |
| 3–4 weeks | 0 | 0 | |
| >4 weeks | 4 | 21 | |
| Total | 19 | 100 | |
| How much time did you spend performing an individual warm-up before the injury? | Up to 10 minutes | 3 | 16 |
| 10–20 minutes | 12 | 63 | |
| 20–30 minutes | 3 | 16 | |
| Over 30 minutes | 1 | 5 | |
| Total | 19 | 100 | |
| Is your warm-up longer or shorter after the injury? | Longer | 11 | 58 |
| Shorter | 2 | 10 | |
| No change | 6 | 32 | |
| Total | 19 | 100 | |
| Do you do stretching exercises before training sessions or matches? | Yes, always | 17 | 89 |
| Yes, rarely | 2 | 11 | |
| No | 0 | 0 | |
| Total | 19 | 100 | |
| Do you stretch after sports activities? | Yes, always | 15 | 79 |
| Yes, rarely | 4 | 21 | |
| No | 0 | 0 | |
| Total | 19 | 100 | |
| Do you use any post-exercise recovery strategies? | Yes | 18 | 95 |
| No | 1 | 5 | |
| Total | 19 | 100 |
The answers to the question related to the competition and injury experienced by the tested Indonesia elite Para-cycling athletes
| Question | Answer | Number of answers (N) | Percentage of answers (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| How many times a week do you train? | 1–2 times per week | 1 | 5 |
| 3–4 times per week | 0 | 0 | |
| 5–6 times per week | 15 | 79 | |
| 7 times per week | 3 | 16 | |
| Total | 19 | 100 | |
| What part of your body was injured? | Head | 1 | 4 |
| Back | 2 | 10 | |
| Upper limb | 6 | 29 | |
| Lower limb | 12 | 57 | |
| Total | 21 | 100 | |
| What kind of an injury was it? | Twist/sprain | 4 | 17 |
| Dislocation | 2 | 8 | |
| Rupture | 0 | 0 | |
| Break/fracture | 4 | 17 | |
| Contusion/Bruises | 10 | 42 | |
| Strain | 1 | 4 | |
| Others | 3 | 12 | |
| Total | 24 | 100 | |
| How did the injury occur? | Falling down | 16 | 73 |
| Physical contact with another player | 1 | 4 | |
| Overload | 5 | 23 | |
| Total | 22 | 100 | |
| When did the injury occur? | During a training session | 19 | 100 |
| During a match | 0 | 0 | |
| Total | 19 | 100 |
The answers of respondents based on the frequency of training in a week
| Athletes practice 5–6 times a week (n = 10) | Athletes practice 7 times a week (n = 8) | Fisher | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Do you do stretching before training sessions or matches? | Yes, always | 9 | 7 | 1.00 |
| Yes, sometimes | 1 | 1 | ||
| <1 week | 8 | 6 | ||
| How many averages training days did you lose due to the injury? | 1–2 weeks | 2 | 2 | 1.00 |
| 3–4 weeks | 0 | 0 | ||
| >4 weeks | 0 | 0 | ||
| Do you stretch after sports activities? | Yes, always | 7 | 7 | 0.588 |
| Yes, sometimes | 3 | 1 | ||
| Do you use any post-exercise recovery strategies? | Yes | 9 | 8 | |
| No | 1 | 0 | 1.00 | |
| Have you ever experienced the same injury again? | Yes | 3 | 1 | 1.00 |
| No | 7 | 7 | ||
| Do you think that the injury you experience reduces your fitness? | Yes | 8 | 4 | 0.638 |
| No | 2 | 4 |
Part that was injured
| Class Category | Lower Limb | Upper Limb | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tigh | Knee | Leg | Foot | Arm | Shoulder | Head | Hand | |
| B1 | 1 | |||||||
| B2 | 1 | |||||||
| B3 | 1 | |||||||
| C1 | ||||||||
| C2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||
| C3 | 1 | |||||||
| C4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| C5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| H3 | 1 | |||||||
| T1 | 1 | |||||||
| Total | 12 | 8 | ||||||