Comparison of demographic characteristics, professional experience and scapular asymmetry of the groups
| Control group (n = 19) | Asymmetry group (n = 19) | z£, t¥ | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 15.89 ± 1.76 | 15.63 ± 2.17 | –0.687£ | 0.492£ |
| Weight (kg) | 54.16 ± 10.23 | 56.44 ± 12.94 | –0.602¥ | 0.551¥ |
| Height (m) | 1.64 ± 0.11 | 1.64 ± 0.10 | 0.241¥ | 0.811¥ |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 19.86 ± 2.17 | 20.82 ± 3.14 | –1.106¥ | 0.276¥ |
| Professional Experience (year) | 7.05 ± 2.91 | 7.71 ± 3.11 | -0.517£ | 0.605£ |
| Scapular Difference in Neutral Position (cm) | 0.39 ± 0.42 | 1.46 ± 0.70 | –4.312£ | <0.001£ |
| Scapular Difference in 45° Abduction Position (cm) | 0.53 ± 0.38 | 1.21 ± 0.74 | –2.996£ | 0.003£ |
| Scapular Distance in 90° Abduction Position (cm) | 0.39 ± 0.39 | 1.14 ± 1.04 | –2.365£ | 0.018£ |
Comparison of isokinetic and isometric muscle strength, proprioception sense and flexibility of the groups
| Isokinetic Muscle Strength | Control Group (n = 19) | Asymmetry Group (n = 19) | z£, t¥ | p | Cohen’s D/r | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 60°/sec Angular Velocity | DM ABD PT (Nm) | 50.57 ± 16.56 | 49.54 ± 16.74 | –0.365£ | 0.715£ | 0.031 |
| ND ABD PT (Nm) | 58.81 ± 13.37 | 55.39 ± 15.00 | –0.818£ | 0.414£ | 0.106 | |
| DM ADD PT (Nm) | 53.61 ± 18.87 | 50.62 ± 18.85 | –0.540£ | 0.589£ | 0.083 | |
| ND ADD PT (Nm) | 50.57 ± 17.95 | 45.49 ± 17.40 | 0.886¥ | 0.382¥ | 0.287* | |
| DM ADD/ABD RATIO (%) | 95.72 ± 13.10 | 100.98 ± 21.51 | –0.511£ | 0.609£ | –0.141 | |
| ND ADD/ABD RATIO (%) | 123.43 ± 30.31 | 128.49 ± 30.10 | –0.978£ | 0.328£ | –0.083 | |
| ABD SYMMERY INDEX (%) | 85.15 ± 13.57 | 89.36 ± 18.35 | –0.423£ | 0.672£ | –0.126 | |
| ADD SYMMERY INDEX (%) | 108.25 ± 18.98 | 113.50 ± 22.28 | –1.095£ | 0.274£ | –0.123 | |
| Isometric Muscle Strength | Dominant Abduction (N) | 47.01 ± 22.42 | 47.01 ± 20.52 | –0.307£ | 0.759£ | 0 |
| Non-Dominant Abduction (N) | 47.69 ± 22.20 | 50.60 ± 30.42 | –0.161£ | 0.872£ | –0.056 | |
| Dominant Adduction (N) | 55.97 ± 23.19 | 62.47 ± 30.98 | –0.497£ | 0.619£ | –0.129 | |
| Non-Dominant Adduction (N) | 53.87 ± 22.34 | 60.68 ± 31.50 | –0.769¥ | 0.447¥ | 0.249* | |
| Proprioception Sense | 60° Dominant Error (°) | 5.15 ± 3.03 | 4.22 ± 4.34 | –1.621£ | 0.105£ | 0.140 |
| 60° Non-Dominant Error (°) | 5.17 ± 4.49 | 6.04 ± 3.28 | –0.876£ | 0.381£ | –0.140 | |
| 90° Dominant Error (°) | 4.30 ± 2.81 | 5.00 ± 3.32 | –0.964£ | 0.335£ | –0.192 | |
| 90° Non-Dominant Error (°) | 3.96 ± 2.80 | 4.20 ± 2.60 | –0.599£ | 0.549£ | –0.242 | |
| 120° Dominant Error (°) | 5.61 ± 4.34 | 5.33 ± 3.38 | –0.234£ | 0.815£ | 0 | |
| 120° Non-Dominant Error (°) | 5.46 ± 3.86 | 4.24 ± 2.20 | –0.628£ | 0.530£ | 0.192 | |
| Flexibility | Thumb T5 DM (cm) | 8.55 ± 4.35 | 12.38 ± 4.28 | –2.369£ | 0.018£ | –0.447 |
| Thumb T5 ND (cm) | 10.97 ± 4.53 | 14.28 ± 3.18 | –2.607¥ | 0.013¥ | 0.845* | |
| Thumb C7 DM (cm) | 6.38 ± 2.98 | 5.24 ± 2.51 | –0.891£ | 0.373£ | 0.242 | |
| Thumb C7 ND (cm) | 5.92 ± 2.79 | 5.46 ± 2.14 | –0.526£ | 0.559£ | 0 |