Evaluation of measurement methods in determining muscle strength of down syndrome and typically developing individual

Gonca Ince; Sema Polat; Ahmet Hilmi Yucel

doi:10.5114/areh.2020.93614

Figures & Tables

The comparison of lower extremity muscle strength of athletes and non-athletes with IDS

Lower extremity muscle strength measurements	Athletes (n = 11) Mean rank	Non-athletes (n = 19) Mean rank	z	p
30-Second Chair Stand Test	20.09	12.84	–2.18	0.03*
Leg Dynamometer	19.14	13.39	–1.73	0.08
Hip flexion NMMT (right)	19.32	13.29	–1.81	0.07
Hip flexion NMMT (left)	20.05	12.87	–2.15	0.03*
Hip extension NMMT (right)	20.05	12.87	–2.15	0.03*
Hip extension NMMT (left)	20.36	12.68	–2.30	0.02*
Gluteus maximus (only) NMMT (right)	18.86	13.55	–1.59	0.11
Gluteus maximus (only) NMMT (left)	20.00	12.89	–2.13	0.03*
Hip flexion manual muscle test (right)	18.32	13.87	–1.41	0.16
Hip flexion manual muscle test (left)	18.36	13.84	–1.41	0.16
Hip extension manual muscle test (right)	17.95	14.08	–1.19	0.23
Hip extension manual muscle test (left)	18.82	13.58	–1.61	0.11
Gluteus maximus (only) manual muscle test right)	18.09	14.00	–1.27	0.20
Gluteus maximus (only) manual muscle test (left)	18.41	13.82	–1.42	0.16

The correlation results of lower extremity muscle strength measurements of two groups

Tests	30s-CST	LDT	HF_NMMT (right)	HF_NMMT (left)	HE_NMMT (right)	HE_NMMT (left)	GM_NMMT (right)	GM_NMMT (left)	HF_MMT (right)	HF_MMT (left)	HE_MMT (right)	HE_MMT (left)	GM_MMT (right)	GM_MMT (left)
30s-CST (r)	1	0.62	0.36	0.38	0.38	0.39	0.33	0.33	0.49	0.48	0.57	0.59	0.50	0.49
30s-CST (p)LDT (r)	<0.0010.62	<0.0011	>0.050.53	>0.050.53	>0.050.53	>0.050.49	>0.050.54	>0.050.53	0.0090.59	0.0080.59	0.0010.63	<0.0010.63	0.0010.66	0.0010.64
LDT(p)HF_NMMT (right-r)	<0.0010.36	<0.0010.53	<0.0011	<0.0010.97	<0.0010.84	<0.0010.82	<0.0010.81	<0.0010.77	<0.0010.69	<0.0010.66	<0.0010.66	<0.0010.64	<0.0010.67	<0.0010.62
HF_NMMT (right-p)HF_NMMT (left-r)	>0.050.38	<0.0010.53	<0.0010.97	<0.0011	<0.0010.85	<0.0010.84	<0.0010.81	<0.0010.78	<0.0010.69	<0.0010.69	<0.0010.67	<0.0010.66	<0.0010.67	<0.0010.64
HF_NMMT (left-p)HE_NMMT (right-r)	>0.050.38	<0.0010.53	<0.0010.84	<0.0010.85	<0.0011	<0.0010.98	<0.0010.93	<0.0010.91	<0.0010.69	<0.0010.68	<0.0010.74	<0.0010.73	<0.0010.71	<0.0010.68
HE_NMMT (right-p)HE_NMMT (left-r)	>0.0050.39	<0.0010.49	<0.0010.82	<0.0010.84	<0.0010.98	<0.0011	<0.0010.92	<0.0010.91	<0.0010.67	<0.0010.68	0.0010.73	<0.0010.73	<0.0010.71	<0.0010.68
HE_NMMT (left-p)GM_NMMT (right-r)	>0.050.33	<0.0010.54	<0.0010.81	<0.0010.81	<0.0010.93	<0.0010.92	<0.0011	<0.0010.97	<0.0010.66	<0.0010.65	<0.0010.74	<0.0010.73	<0.0010.75	<0.0010.71
GM_NMMT (right-p)GM_NMMT (left-r)	>0.050.33	<0.0010.53	<0.0010.77	<0.0010.78	<0.0010.91	<0.0010.91	<0.0010.97	<0.0011	<0.0010.65	<0.0010.65	<0.0010.75	<0.0010.75	<0.0010.74	<0.0010.71
GM_NMMT (left-p)HF_MMT (right-r)	>0.050.49	<0.0010.59	<0.0010.69	<0.0010.69	<0.0010.69	<0.0010.67	<0.0010.66	<0.0010.65	<0.0011	<0.0010.93	<0.0010.82	<0.0010.79	<0.0010.76	<0.0010.72
HF_MMT (right-p)HF_MMT (left-r)	0.0090.48	<0.0010.59	<0.0010.66	<0.0010.69	<0.0010.68	<0.0010.68	<0.0010.65	<0.0010.65	<0.0010.93	<0.0011	<0.0010.79	<0.0010.81	<0.0010.76	<0.0010.74
HF_MMT (left-p)HE_MMT (right-r)	0.0080.57	<0.0010.63	<0.0010.66	<0.0010.67	<0.0010.74	<0.0010.73	<0.0010.74	<0.0010.75	<0.0010.82	<0.0010.79	<0.0011	<0.0010.97	<0.0010.89	<0.0010.86
HE_MMT (right-p)HE_MMT (left-r)	0.0010.59	<0.0010.63	<0.0010.64	<0.0010.66	<0.0010.72	<0.0010.73	<0.0010.73	<0.0010.75	<0.0010.79	<0.0010.81	<0.0010.97	<0.0011	<0.0010.89	<0.0010.89
HE_MMT (left-p)GM_MMT (right-r)	<0.0010.50	<0.0010.66	<0.0010.67	<0.0010.67	<0.0010.71	<0.0010.71	<0.0010.75	<0.0010.74	<0.0010.76	<0.0010.76	<0.0010.89	<0.0010.89	<0.0011	<0.0010.97
GM_MMT (right-p)GM_MMT (left-r)GM_MMT (left-p)	0.0010.490.001	<0.0010.64<0.001	<0.0010.62<0.001	<0.0010.64<0.001	<0.0010.68<0.001	<0.0010.68<0.001	<0.0010.71<0.001	<0.0010.71<0.001	<0.0010.72<0.001	<0.0010.74<0.001	<0.0010.86<0.001	<0.0010.89<0.001	<0.0010.97<0.001	<0.0011<0.001

The comparison of lower extremity muscle strength measurements of TDIs who performed team and individual sport

Lower extremity muscle strength measurements	Team sport n = 25 TDI	Individual sport n = 28 TDI	z	p
	Mean rank	Mean rank
30 Second Chair Stand Test	31.76	22.75	–2.143	0.03*
Hip flexion NMMT (right)	25.72	28.14	–0.570	0.57
Hip flexion NMMT (left)	25.76	28.11	–0.553	0.58
Hip extension NMMT (right)	26.90	27.09	–0.045	0.96
Hip extension NMMT (left)	28.18	25.95	–0.526	0.59
Gluteus naximus NMMT (right)	28.00	26.11	–0.446	0.66
Gluteus naximus NMMT (left)	29.14	25.09	–0.953	0.34
Hip flexion manual muscle test (right)	27.84	26.25	–0.401	0.69
Hip flexion manual muscle test (left)	27.18	26.84	–0.085	0.93
Hip extension manual muscle test (right)	31.96	22.57	–2.337	0.02*
Hip extension manual muscle test (left)	31.14	23.30	–1.944	0.05*
Gluteus maximus manual muscle test (right)	30.72	23.68	–1.714	0.09
Gluteus maximus manual muscle test (left)	29.64	24.64	–1.214	0.23

The demographic characteristics of groups

	TDI			IDS
Demographic characteristics	n	x¯\bar x	Sd	n	x¯\bar x	sd	p
Age	85	12.56	1.91	30	15.90	9.64	0.07
Weight	85	46.55	11.01	30	51.95	22.49	0.216
Height	85	155.12	11.44	30	141.63	16.69	<0.001
Body mass index (BMI)	85	19.18	3.35	30	24.69	7.11	<0.001

The situations of doing sport in TDI and IDS

			TDI		IDS
			n	%	n	%
The situations of doing sport in TDI and IDS		Yes	53	62.35	11	36.67
The situations of doing sport in TDI and IDS		No	32	37.65	19	63.33
The sport branches	Individual sport	Dance	3	5.66	–	–
		Karate, Judo	3	5.66	–	–
		Bicycle	1	1.89	–	–
		Gymnastics	4	7.55	4	36.36
		Walking	15	28.30	4	36.36
		Swimming	2	3.77	3	27.27
	Team sport	Football	15	28.30	–	–
		Volleyball	2	3.77	–	–
		Basketball	8	15.09	–	–
Groups		TDI (53 Individuals)			IDS (11 Individuals)
The situations of doing sport in participants		Individual Sport (n = 28 TDI) 52.8%	Team sport (n = 25 TDI) 47.2%		Individual sport (n = 11 IDS) 100%
The mean of doing sport year		1.25 ± 0.44 years	2.40 ± 0.50 years		1.82 ± 0.75 years
The mean of doing sport day in a week		3.86 ± 1.76 days	4.00 ± 1.83 days		4.45 ± 1.86 days
The mean of doing sport hours in a day		1.43 ± 0.60 hours	2.08 ± 0.89 hours		1.55 ± 0.52 hours

The comparison of lower extremity muscle strength measurements of TDI and IDS

Lower extremity muscle strength measurements	TDI (n = 85)	DSI (n = 30)	z	P
Lower extremity muscle strength measurements	Mean rank	Mean rank	z	P
30 Second Chair Stand Test	72.08	18.12	–7.645	<0.001
Leg Dynamometer Test	68.06	29.50	–5.452	<0.001
Hip flexion NMMT (right)	66.02	35.27	–4.344	<0.001
Hip flexion NMMT (left)	66.02	35.27	–4.344	<0.001
Hip extension NMMT (right)	65.63	36.38	–4.131	<0.001
Hip extension NMMT (left)	65.83	35.82	–4.239	<0.001
Gluteus maximus muscle (only) NMMT (right)	64.91	38.43	–3.739	<0.001
Gluteus maximus muscle (only) NMMT (left)	65.05	38.03	–3.816	<0.001
Hip flexion manual muscle test (right)	66.38	34.25	–4.716	<0.001
Hip flexion manual muscle test (left)	66.63	33.55	–4.828	<0.001
Hip extension manual muscle test (right)	66.61	33.62	–4.815	<0.001
Hip extension manual muscle test (left)	67.28	31.72	–5.163	<0.001
Gluteus maximus (only) manual muscle test (right)	65.72	36.12	–4.287	<0.001
Gluteus maximus (only) manual muscle test (left)	65.75	36.05	–4.293	<0.001

Evaluation of measurement methods in determining muscle strength of down syndrome and typically developing individual

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

The comparison of lower extremity muscle strength of athletes and non-athletes with IDS

The correlation results of lower extremity muscle strength measurements of two groups

The comparison of lower extremity muscle strength measurements of TDIs who performed team and individual sport

The demographic characteristics of groups

The situations of doing sport in TDI and IDS

The comparison of lower extremity muscle strength measurements of TDI and IDS

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