Fig. 1.
Sarcopenic obesity’s impact on health in older people
| Authors | The aim of the study was… | Results |
|---|---|---|
| Follis et al. 2018 [15] | to examine associations between sarcopenia, obesity, SO and falls in healthy postmenopausal women. | SO is associated with greater FR in the younger women ((RR) =1.35, 95% (CI) = 1.17–1.56) than older |
| Pajek et al. 2018 [16] | to quantify deficits in physical abilities, exam and analyse associations of LM and FM content with test results. | ↑ BMI, age, and fat tissue index in SO/SOV individuals (P < 0.001) |
| Xiao et al. 2018 [17] | to investigate the SO association with health outcomes in individuals seeking weight loss treatment in a bariatric centre. | ↑ BF%, BMI, FMI/FFMI ratio FMI, and WC in SO compared to non – SO (P < 0.001) |
| PetermannRocha et al. 2020 [18] | to examine the association of SO, O, and S with incidence of respiratory disease and mortality. | ↑ risk of respiratory disease incidence in SO patients (HR: 1.51 [95% CI: 1.30; 1.77]) |
| Godziuk et al. 2020 [7] | to examine the prevalence of SO in adults with end-stage knee osteoarthritis (OA). | ↓ walking speed, endurance, MS, and self-care activities reported by patients |
| Yamashita et al. 2020 [19] | to examine whether SO identified by preoperative computed tomography is an useful predicting tool of postoperative mortality in individuals with cardiovascular surgery. | ↓ HGS, quadriceps strength, gait speed, and 6MV compared with the CG (p < 0.05) |
Dietary interventions in SO patients
| Authors | The aim of the study was… | Material characteristics | Results after interventions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kim et al. 2016 [25] | to examine the effects of exercise, tea catechin and amino acid supplementation on blood components, body composition, and physical function in older individuals with SO. | Female | ↓ TBF in Ex + N greater than in HE (P = 0.036) |
| Ponti et al. 2018 [26] | to identify changes in body composition by DXA in obese individuals enrolled into two weight loss medical programs. | Female CBT = 27 | CBT and NCP: |
| Nabuco et al. 2019 [27] | to examine the effects of 12-week RT associated with whey protein supplementation in individuals with SO. | Female | ↑ LST, ALST in SG compared with the CG (P < 0.001) |
| Sammarco et al. 2017 [28] | to investigate the efficacy of a low-calorie and high-protein nutrition program in people with SO. | Female | ↓ weight, FAT (kg) in SG (P = 0.01) |
Exercise interventions’ effects in sarcopenic obesity patients
| Authors | The aim of the study was… | Material characteristics | Results after interventions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Huang et al. 2017 [20] | to investigate body composition changes after 12-week elastic band RT in people with SO. | Female SG = 18 | In SG: |
| Dieli-Conwright et al. 2018 [21] | to examine the clinical efficacy of 16-week exercise intervention on metabolic syndrome in breast cancer posttreatment survivors with SO. | Female | ↓ BMI body weight, all fat indicators, and SO biomarkers in the SG compared with baseline (P < 0.01) and the CG (P < 0.01) |
| Liao et al. 2017 [22] | to investigate the effects of 12-week elastic RT in individuals with SO. | Female | ↑ FFM (P < 0.05) and leg LM (P < 0.001) in the SG, |
| Park et al. 2017 [23] | to examine the effects of a 24-week aerobic and RT on carotid parameters in patients with SO. | Female | In the SG: |
| Gadelha et al. 2016 [24] | to identify the effects of RT on SO in older people. | Female | ↑ FFM, AFFM and Peak Torque (P < 0.01) |
Whole-body electromyostimulation effects (WB-EMS) in patients with sarcopenic obesity
| Authors | The aim of the study was… | Material characteristics | Results after interventions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kemmler et al. 2017 [29] | to examine the effect of 16-weeks WB-EMS protocol on SO and sarcopenia in older men. | Male | ↑ SMI in WB-EMS&P (P=0.001) and Protein group (P = 0.043) |
| Kemmler et al. 2016 [30] | to identify the effect 26-weeks WB-EMS protocol in individuals with SO. | Female | ↑ Z-Score in the WB-EMS&P and the WB-EMS groups (p ≤ 0.046) |
| Wittmann et al. 2016 [31] | to determine the effect of 6-months WB-EMS protocol on the metabolic syndrome in individuals with SO. | Female | ↓ MetS Z-score in WB-EMS&P group compared with the CG (P = 0.001) |