| 1. Pratelli et al. 2015 | Fascial manipulation (FM) Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) | FM: 45 min / 1 time a week / Three weeks LLLT: 780-830 nm 1000-3000 mW 10 min / 5 days | VAS scale BCTQ scale (SSS, FSS) | After 10 days BCTQ, VAS: FM (T0-T1) (p <0.001) improvement LLLT (T0-T1) (P <0.001) improvement | After 3 months BCTQ, VAS: FM (T0-T2) (p <0.001) improvement LLLT (T0-T2) (P <0.001) No changes | FM is an effective method of treating not only musculoskeletal dysfunctions, but also nervous disorders, including CTS. |
| 2. Bueno-Gracia et al.2018 | Manual mobilization of the wrist bones | One-time mobilization under ultrasound guidance | Ultrasound of the wrist CSA - cross-sectional area of the wrist ADP-anterolateral diameter TD-larger and smaller nerve axis, Circulation of the wrist canal Coefficient of flattening of the carpal tunnel and median canal | CSA (p=0,003) APD (p=0,001) | - | Manual mobilization of the wrist bones causes significant changes in the dimensions of the wrist canal, enabling CTS treatment. |
| 3. Wolny et al. 2018 | Neuromobilization (NT) Placebo techniques (ST) | 20 min/2 times a week / 10 weeks | BCTQ scale (SSS, FSS) Numeric pain scale (0-10pkt) Study of two-point sensory discrimination (2PD) ENG Dynamometric examination of the hand | NT: NCS (P <0.001) improvement 2PD, BCTQ (FSS, SSS) (p <0.01) improvement reduction of pain (p <0.01) improvement NT and ST: strength of grip and hand clamp (P> 0.05) no changes | - | The use of neuromobilization has an effective therapeutic effect in the treatment of mild and moderate forms of CTS. |
| 4. Wolny et al. 2017 | Manual therapy with neuromobilization and functional massage trapezius muscle) Low level laser therapy and ultrasounds (EM) | MT and EM: 2 times a week/10 weeks20 MT sessions 20 treatments Laser:* 5J, 50mW, 658nm, 1 min, 40 sec* 24J, 400mW, 808nm, 1 minUltrasounds: 1MHz. 1.0 w / cm, 75%, 15 min | VAS scale BCTQ scale (SSS, FSS) ENG | ENG MT and partly EM improvement (p <0.01) VAS MT and EM improvement (P <0.01) BCTQ (SSS, FSS) MT and EM improvement (P <0.01)Statistically significant difference between ENG, BCTQ and VAS between MT and EM groups. | - | Both low level laser therapy and ultrasound therapy as well as manual therapy combined with other techniques is effective in the treatment of CTS.The techniques used in the MT group showed a slightly higher therapeutic efficacy of CTS.The combination of MT and EM methods may brings increased efficacy in the treatment of CTS. |
| 5. Maddali Bongi et al. 2013 | Interventions in the field of manual therapy (MT) | 10-15 min / 6 sessions / 2 times a week/Three weeks | BCTQ scale (SSS, FSS) ENG VAS scale Patient’s discomfort associated with CTS (paraesthesia, night pain, pain, hypersensitivity, hand sensitivity) | BCTQ scale (SSS, FSS) (p <0.05) improvement ENG (P <0.05) no changes Patient’s discomfort: (p <0.05) improvement | After 24 weeks BCTQ scale (SSS, FSS) improvement (p <0.05) ENG no changes (P <0.05) Patient’s discomfort: improvement (P <0.05) | Manual therapy is an effective inoperable way of treating symptoms in patients with CTS |
| 6. Dinar-vand et al. 2017 | Research group: Manual therapy of scaphoid and hamate bones in the treatment of CTS with immobilization Control group: CTS treatment with immobilization | 10 min/3 times a week/8 weeks | BCTQ scale (SSS, FSS) ENG VAS | BCTQ scale (SSS, FSS) (p <0.05) improvement VAS (p <0.05) improvement ENG (P> 0.05) no changes | - | The mobilization of scaphoid and hamate bones is an effective treatment of middle and moderate carpal tunnel syndrome |
| 7. Oskouei et al.2014 | Research group (RG): median nerve neuromobilization + routine therapy Control group (CG): Routine therapy (immobilization 0 degrees, TENS ultra-sounds) | RG: 3 times a week / 4 weeks CG: Immobilization - 4 weeks at night, TENS-80 Hz, 60μs, 3 x per week, 20 minutes Ultrasounds - 5 min, 1MHz, 1W / cm2, 20%, 3 x per week | Clinical (Phalen) ENG BCTQ (SSS, FSS) VAS scale MNTT (median nerve tension test) | RG and CG BCTQ (SSS) (P <0.05) improvement MNTT, Phalen test, VAS (P <0.05) improvementOnly RG: BCTQ (FSS) (P <0.05) improvement ENG-DML-(P <0.05) improvement | - | Neuromuscular neuromobilization as well as standard therapeutic procedures (immobilization, TENS, UD) are effective in the treatment of CTS.The techniques used in GB showed a slightly higher therapeutic efficacy of CTS.The combination of RG and CG methods may bring increased efficacy in the treatment of CTS. |
| 8. Yıldırım et al.2017 | Research group (RG) exercise, kinesiotaping Control group (CG) exercises | exercises 3 times a day for 15 repetitions / for 6 weekskinesiotaping: 3 applications every 5 days | BCTQ (SSS, FSS ultrasound Dynamometric measurement of hand and finger strength Moberg test | No significant differences between RG and CG in USG, BCTQ, Moberg test, fist and finger pressure at 6 weeks. (p> 0.005)The difference statistically significant between RG and CG in BCTQ (FSS), Moberg test, ultrasound in week 3 (P <0.05) | - | Exercises in combination with kinesiotaping can be an effective method of CTS therapy, which should be confirmed with subsequent tests. |
