වැඩිහිටි ප්‍රජාවේ ජීවන තිරසරභාවය කෙරෙහි බලපා ඇති ආර්ථික ගැටලු හා අභියෝග - Economic Issues and Challenges Affecting the Sustainability of the Elderly Community

Population aging has become a significant social challenge in both developed and developing countries. Sri Lanka is experiencing a rapid increase in its elderly population, at a rate that exceeds that of many other Asian nations. A key concern is that this demographic shift is not accompanied by corresponding economic growth. Consequently, a large proportion of older adults are facing financial difficulties and economic insecurity.This study aims to identify the economic problems and challenges faced by the elderly population and to propose sustainable economic approaches and strategies to improve their quality of life. A mixed-method research design was employed. A total of 350 older adults from the Southern Province were selected using proportional sampling. Survey and case study methods were used, supported by questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and direct observation to collect primary data. Secondary data were obtained from relevant published sources. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically.The findings reveal that a lack of financial capital significantly undermines the life sustainability of older adults. Economic insecurity emerged as the most critical challenge faced by the elderly. Of the total sample, 35.0% reported having no monthly income, while 54.0% depended on government welfare programs, children, or relatives for financial support. Additionally, 69.0% reported having no savings. Female widowed elders represent the most economically vulnerable subgroup. The study highlights the importance of interventions that improve access to financial capital and strengthen economic support systems, thereby enhancing the sustainability and well-being of the elderly community.