Tvet-Supply Driven Innovations in Non-Motorised Transportation for Sustainable Mobility in Africa: A Foresight Structured Literature Review

This study examines the transformative role of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in promoting non-motorised transportation (NMT) as a pathway to sustainable mobility in Africa. A structured literature review was conducted, synthesising 68 peer-reviewed publications from 2010 to 2023 using Scopus and Web of Science databases. Thematic analysis was employed to identify and categorise core trends linking TVET innovations to sustainable transport outcomes. The findings reveal that TVET institutions contribute significantly to the development of context-specific frugal innovations, such as solar-powered bicycles, cargo tricycles, and modular repair kits designed for informal and peri-urban African settings. Despite this potential, TVET-driven innovations remain underrepresented in national transportation policies and urban planning frameworks. This study argues for a stronger alignment between TVET curricula and green mobility policy, supported by skills development in digital fabrication, green energy systems, and local-material engineering. This study also critiques the fragmented application of Industry 4.0/5.0 concepts in the literature and calls for clearer integration frameworks that reflect Africa’s technological realities. This review advances a conceptual agenda for leveraging TVET as a catalyst for inclusive low-carbon transport in Africa.