Numerical and phytosociological classification of the vegetation of the Bozburun Peninsula (Southwestern Anatolia)

Kenan Akbaş; Ömer Varol

doi:10.3986/hacq-2026-0010

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Numerical and phytosociological classification of the vegetation of the Bozburun Peninsula (Southwestern Anatolia)

Hacquetia

Volume 25 (2026): Issue 2 (December 2026)

By: Kenan Akbaş and Ömer Varol

Open Access

|Nov 2026

Table 1:

MRPP Analysis Results: T, A, and P-values.

Tabela 1: Rezultati MRPP analize: vrednosti T, A in P.

Group Discrimination	T	A
Sorflex2	−70.195816	0.09478620
Sorflex3	−72.197374	0.13828544
Sorflex4	−66.194035	0.15890897
Sorflex5	−54.067841	0.16657697
Exwrd2	−60.080851	0.08109822
Exwrd3	−67.632300	0.12968591
Exwrd4	−68.148785	0.16033104
Exwrd5	−65.754322	0.17977464

Group differentiation of clustering analysis according to the Sørensen-Flexible Beta method (Group 1: 48 sample plots, Group 2: 50 sample plots, Group 3: 70 sample plots).
**Slika 3:** Rezultat klastrske analize z metodo Sørensen-Flexible Beta (skupina 1: 48 vzorčnih ploskev, skupina 2: 50 vzorčnih ploskev, skupina 3: 70 vzorčnih ploskev).

Table 2:

Percentage of variance explained by the Bray–Curtis ordination axes.

Tabela 2: Odstotek pojasnjene variance Bray–Curtis ordinacijskih osi.

Components	Variance (%)	Cumulative Variance (%)
1	17.50	17.50
2	11.14	28.64
3	7.44	36.09

Table 3:

Correlations of environmental variables with Bray– Curtis axes.

Tabela 3: Korelacija med okoljskimi spremenljivkami in ordinacijskimi osmi Bray–Curtis analize.

Variable	Axis 1 (r / r²)	Axis 2 (r / r²)	Axis 3 (r / r²)
Elevation	−0.509	−0.107	0.500
Aspect	−0.047	−0.033	0.026
Slope	−0.106	0.005	−0.051
Precipitation	−0.536	−0.163	0.497
Mean Temperature	0.210	0.164	−0.138

Distribution of sampling plots along Axes 1 and 2 based on Bray–Curtis ordination. Environmental arrows represent variables with correlation coefficients of |r| ≥ 0.20 with the ordination axes. Symbol size reflects the relative abundance-cover values derived from the Braun–Blanquet data matrix, with larger symbols indicating higher abundance-cover values and smaller symbols indicating lower abundance-cover values.
**Slika 4:** Razporeditev vzorčnih ploskev vzdolž Bray–Curtis ordinacijskih osi 1 in 2. Puščice predstavljajo okoljske spremenljivke s korelacijskim koeficientom |r| ≥ 0,20 z ordinacijskimi osmi. Velikost simbolov predstavlja relativno velikost abundance in pokrovnosti po Braun-Blanquetu, kjer veliki simboli predstavljajo večje vrednosti, manjši pa manjše.

Table 4:

Relationships of diagnostic taxa with the Bray–Curtis ordination axes.

Tabela 4: Razmerje diagnostičnih taksonov z ordinacijskimi osmi analize Bray–Curtis.

Taxon	Axis 1	Axis 2	Axis 3
Pinus brutia	−0.796	0.287	0.542
Quercus aucheri	0.195	−0.379	−0.382
Sarcopoterium spinosum	0.581	0.314	−0.522
Andropogon distachyos	0.505	0.409	−0.209
Crepis commutata	0.585	−0.085	−0.320
Valantia hispida	0.574	−0.126	−0.276
Aristolochia guichardii	−0.524	0.159	0.488
Asparagus aphyllus subsp. orientalis	−0.541	−0.263	0.233
Crepis fraasi	−0.576	0.117	0.475
Allium subhirsutum	0.193	−0.469	−0.286
Anagyris foetida	0.084	−0.442	−0.156
Clematis cirrhosa	−0.128	−0.554	0.019
Laurus nobilis	−0.133	−0.414	0.139
Phlomis lycia	0.251	−0.367	−0.371

Bray–Curtis ordination of all sampling plots showing the distribution of the three vegetation units characterized by *Sarcopoterium spinosum, Quercus aucheri*, and *Pinus brutia* var. *brutia* along (A) Axes 1–2 and (B) Axes 1–3. Colors indicate the vegetation units: red = *Sarcopoterium spinosum* plots, green = *Quercus aucheri* plots, and cyan = *Pinus brutia* var. *brutia* plots. The thin coloured polygons represent the outer distribution limits (convex hulls) of the sampling plots belonging to each vegetation unit in the ordination space. Environmental arrows indicate the main gradients correlated with the ordination axes; arrow direction shows the direction of increasing values, and arrow length reflects the strength of the relationship with the ordination configuration. Only environmental variables with correlation coefficients of |r| ≥ 0.50 were displayed in order to improve graphical clarity, although variables with lower correlations were also considered in the interpretation of the ordination results. Symbol size reflects the relative abundance-cover values derived from the Braun–Blanquet data matrix, with larger symbols indicating higher abundance-cover values and smaller symbols indicating lower abundance-cover values.
**Slika 5:** Razporeditev vseh vzorčnih ploskev v Bray–Curtis ordinaciji treh vegetacijskih enot z vrstami *Sarcopoterium spinosum, Quercus aucheri* in *Pinus brutia* var. *brutia* vzdolž (A) osi 1–2 in (B) osi 1–3. Barve označujejo vegetacijske enote: rdeča = ploskve z *Sarcopoterium spinosum*, zelena = ploskve z *Quercus aucheri* in svetlo modra = ploskve s *Pinus brutia* var. *brutia*. Poligoni predstavljajo zunanjo mejo razporeditve ploskev (convex hulls), ki pripadajo isti vegetacijski enoti. Puščice predstavljajo glavne okoljske gradiente; smer puščice predstavlja smer povečevanja vrednosti, dolžina pa odraža moč povezave s konfiguracijo ordinacije. Prikazane so samo okoljske spremenljivke s korelacijskimi koeficienti |r| ≥ 0,50 zaradi preglednosti grafa, čeprav smo spremenljivke z manjšo korelacijo upoštevali tudi pri interpretaciji rezultatov. Velikost simbolov predstavlja relativno velikost abundance in pokrovnosti po Braun-Blanquetu, kjer veliki simboli predstavljajo večje vrednosti, manjši pa manjše.

*Andropogon distachyos* and *Sarcopoterium spinosum* community.
**Slika 6:** Združba z vrstama *Andropogon distachyos* in *Sarcopoterium spinosum*.

*Allium subhirsutum* and *Quercus aucheri* community.
**Slika 7:** Združba z vrstama *Allium subhirsutum* in *Quercus aucheri*.

*Aristolochia guichardii* and *Pinus brutia* var. *brutia* community.
**Slika 8:** Združba z vrstama *Aristolochia guichardii* in *Pinus brutia* var. *brutia*.

Taxa	Observed IV (%)	Mean IV (%)	S. Dev.	p-value
Pinus brutia var. brutia	89.5	18.7	2.48	0.0002
Styrax officinalis	50	13.3	2.44	0.0002
Crepis fraasi	47.7	11.1	2.33	0.0002
Aristolochia guichardii	45.2	10.2	2.28	0.0002
Arbutus andrachne	44.6	11.2	2.33	0.0002
Quercus coccifera	43.9	27.3	2.11	0.0002
Smilax aspera	42.6	22	2.41	0.0002
Asparagus aphyllus subsp. orientalis	39.7	24.8	2.3	0.0002
Phillyrea latifolia	36.5	12	2.33	0.0002
Cistus creticus	34.3	26.6	2.17	0.0026
Sonchus bulbosus subsp. microcephalus	32.9	7.7	2.1	0.0002
Quercus pubescens	31.4	7.5	2.1	0.0002
Galium heldreichii	30	7.2	2	0.0002
Phlomis bourgaei	28.3	10.2	2.26	0.0002
Hypericum empetrifolium	28	13.6	2.48	0.0002
Salvia fruticosa	27.6	17.3	2.5	0.0026
Oryzopsis miliacea subsp. thomasii	26.8	13.3	2.47	0.0004
Vicia pubescens	26.7	14	2.48	0.0004
Torilis arvensis subsp. purpurea	26.3	17.9	2.53	0.0062
Quercus infectoria subsp. veneris	25.3	7	2.06	0.0002
Dactylis glomerata subsp. hispanica	22.1	21.7	2.48	0.3433
Teucrium divaricatum subsp. divaricatum	20	8.4	2.14	0.0004
Cupressus sempervirens	20	5.4	1.82	0.0002
Oryzopsis coerulescens	19.7	16.3	2.49	0.0944
Lathyrus aphaca var. pseudoaphaca	19.6	14.2	2.44	0.0254
Carlina corymbosa	17.5	7.9	2.09	0.0024
Trifolium lappaceum	17.1	4.9	1.75	0.0006
Myrtus communis subsp. communis	15.4	5.2	1.86	0.0004
Carex distachya var. phyllostachioidea	13	6.2	1.92	0.0056
Picnomon acarna	13	6.3	1.95	0.0086
Stipa bromoides	14.3	4.4	1.73	0.0004
Limodorum abortivum var. abortivum	14.3	4.4	1.71	0.0004
Brachypodium pinnatum	12.9	4.1	1.68	0.001
Euphorbia apios	12.9	4.1	1.69	0.0006
Stachys cretica subsp. smyrnaea	10	5.2	1.85	0.0292
Crucianella latifolia	10	5.2	1.89	0.0348
Dioscorea communis	8.1	8.2	2.15	0.3817
Campanula lyrata subsp. lyrata	5.5	4.7	1.7	0.1766
Scorzonera elata	5.3	6.5	1.95	0.6385
Vicia hirsuta	5	4.1	1.67	0.2827
Asperula brevifolia	4.4	4.4	1.74	0.4509
Blackstonia perfoliata subsp. perfoliata	4.4	4.4	1.67	0.4393
Scaligeria napiformis	3.9	4.7	1.72	0.5659

Taxa	Observed IV (%)	Mean IV (%)	S. Dev.	p-value
Euphorbia acanthothamnos	57.3	16.5	2.5	0.0002
Clematis cirrhosa	51.2	18.5	2.51	0.0002
Arabis verna	49.8	10.7	2.27	0.0002
Quercus aucheri	48.5	16.5	2.52	0.0002
Phillyrea latifolia	46.7	22.8	2.41	0.0002
Geranium purpureum	46.2	19.5	2.49	0.0002
Lagoecia cuminoides	45.9	16.6	2.53	0.0002
Parietaria lusitanica	44.6	14.4	2.45	0.0002
Anagyris foetida	44.2	9.8	2.25	0.0002
Muscari comosum	42.3	15.6	2.5	0.0002
Veronica cymbalaria	41.4	12.4	2.37	0.0002
Briza maxima	39.9	16.1	2.53	0.0002
Allium subhirsutum	39.2	11.8	2.33	0.0002
Sherardia arvensis	38.3	16.1	2.48	0.0002
Arisarum vulgare	37.8	15.3	2.51	0.0002
Geranium lucidum	37.4	12.5	2.44	0.0002
Orlaya daucoides	36.8	10.5	2.32	0.0002
Melilotus italicus	36.1	7	2.02	0.0002
Phlomis lycia	36.1	11.9	2.39	0.0002
Trifolium clypeatum	36	8.2	2.15	0.0002
Laurus nobilis	34.7	11.7	2.44	0.0002
Rumex tuberosus subsp. creticus	34.3	7.2	2.08	0.0002
Rhagadiolus stellatus	33.1	8.9	2.22	0.0002
Rubia tenuifolia subsp. tenuifolia	31.5	18	2.59	0.0008
Olea europaea	31.5	15.5	2.48	0.0002
Cyclamen hederifolium	30.2	15.1	2.49	0.0004
Bromus diandrus	29.9	14.6	2.45	0.0004
Trifolium grandiflorum	29.9	13.6	2.48	0.0002
Trifolium stellatum var. stellatum	29.6	15.4	2.48	0.0004
Avena sterilis subsp. ludoviciana	28.4	6.5	1.97	0.0002
Hordeum bulbosum	26.9	6.7	2.02	0.0002
Valeriana dioscoridis	26.4	6.2	1.96	0.0002
Securigera cretica	26.1	5.7	1.91	0.0002
Scrophularia peregrina	24.9	6.5	1.96	0.0002
Trifolium campestre subsp. campestre var. campestre	24.5	24.6	2.38	0.4219
Mandragora autumnalis	24.3	7.2	2.02	0.0002
Ruscus aculeatus	24.2	7	2	0.0002
Filago eriocephala	24.1	9.3	2.22	0.0002
Bryonia cretica	24	5	1.83	0.0002
Valerianella muricata	24	5	1.8	0.0002
Myosotis ramosissima	23	9.6	2.25	0.0006
Orchis anatolica	22	4.7	1.74	0.0002
Vicia villosa subsp. dasycarpa	20.7	5	1.78	0.0002
Umbilicus horizontalis	20.5	6.8	2.01	0.0002
Ophrys holosericea subsp. holosericea	19.1	5.7	1.88	0.0002
Cynosurus echinatus	19	16.5	2.5	0.165
Origanum onites	18.9	21.3	2.49	0.8576
Minuartia hybrida subsp. hybrida	18.6	5.2	1.88	0.0004
Ranunculus neapolitanus	18.5	6.3	1.98	0.0004
Crepis commutata	18.2	7	2.11	0.0012
Crataegus monogyna var. monogyna	18	7.9	2.11	0.0018
Ornithogalum narbonense	16.9	7.7	2.13	0.0012
Melica minuta	16.3	12.9	2.38	0.0966
Anthemis chia	16.2	7.2	2.02	0.0024
Sanguisorba verrucosa	15.9	6	1.96	0.0018
Campanula drabifolia	15	6.7	1.96	0.0028
Pistacia lentiscus	14.8	13.6	2.43	0.2853
Trigonella monspeliaca	14.2	4.1	1.71	0.0012
Daphne gnidioides	13.9	11.7	2.38	0.171
Silene italica	13.9	8.9	2.19	0.0314
Linum bienne	13.6	7.2	2.05	0.0118
Knautia integrifolia var. bidens	13.5	6.8	2.01	0.0126
Arrhenatherum palaestinum	13.4	7	2.1	0.0126
Scandix australis subsp. grandiflora	13.3	6.5	1.96	0.0074
Trifolium hirtum	13.1	8.6	2.13	0.049
Vicia villosa subsp. eriocarpa	12.9	7.2	2.03	0.0202
Lamium amplexicaule var. amplexicaule	12.7	4.4	1.68	0.0018
Senecio vernalis	12.7	4.4	1.75	0.0042
Vicia cassia	12.6	4.7	1.8	0.003
Trifolium tomentosum var. tomentosum	12.4	7.7	2.12	0.0298
Cerastium glomeratum	12.3	8	2.13	0.0424
Hymenocarpus circinnatus	12	6.5	1.97	0.0228
Securigera parviflora	11.4	6.5	1.98	0.0302
Fritillaria sibthorpiana	10	4.4	1.71	0.0138
Galium brevifolium subsp. brevifolium	9.7	4.4	1.7	0.016
Bromus intermedius	9.6	6.2	1.93	0.0644
Geranium molle	8.7	6.7	1.97	0.1634
Medicago minima var. minima	8.3	5	1.82	0.0794
Torilis leptophylla	7.5	5.2	1.81	0.1258
Pallenis spinosa	7.4	4.4	1.68	0.0868
Ranunculus asiaticus	7.1	4.4	1.72	0.0856
Verbascum propontideum	3.5	4.4	1.72	0.7862

Taxa	Observed IV (%)	Mean IV (%)	S. Dev.	p-value
Sarcopoterium spinosum	47.2	12.9	2.39	0.0002
Andropogon distachyos	36.3	9.7	2.29	0.0002
Valantia hispida	35.1	10.3	2.31	0.0002
Crepis commutata	32.8	12.3	2.42	0.0002
Asphodelus aestivus	29.3	23.5	2.4	0.0252
Genista acanthoclada	28.2	8.9	2.22	0.0002
Trifolium scabrum	25.3	7.3	2.1	0.0002
Leontodon tuberosus	24.9	8.2	2.14	0.0004
Anagallis arvensis var. caerulea	24.8	12.5	2.4	0.0008
Biscutella didyma	24.7	8	2.18	0.0004
Fumana arabica	24.4	6.3	1.93	0.0002
Bromus fasciculatus	24.1	7	2.05	0.0002
Convolvulus althaeoides	24	6.3	1.94	0.0002
Cistus salviifolius	22.5	13.2	2.43	0.0034
Euphorbia peplus var. peplus	22.1	15.5	2.52	0.0214
Urospermum picroides	21.2	12.5	2.36	0.0042
Plantago cretica	21.1	5.5	1.86	0.0002
Catapodium rigidum subsp. rigidum var. rigidum	20.8	9.8	2.27	0.001
Onobrychis caput-galli	19.6	6.5	1.94	0.0004
Salvia viridis	18.4	4.1	1.71	0.0002
Drimia maritima	18	12.1	2.4	0.027
Bromus rigidus	17.5	5	1.81	0.0002
Calicotome villosa	17	11.2	2.36	0.0302
Sideritis curvidens	16.6	4.5	1.77	0.0002
Phagnalon graecum	15.9	7	1.99	0.001
Scorpiurus subvillosus var. subvillosus	15.8	5.9	1.92	0.001
Linum strictum var. spicatum	15.8	5.2	1.82	0.0006
Gastridium phleoides	15.5	4.7	1.78	0.0004
Tuberaria guttata	15	4.1	1.69	0.0006
Rostraria cristata var. cristata	14.5	8	2.13	0.0128
Lavandula stoechas subsp. stoechas	13.8	9.1	2.24	0.0412
Avena sterilis subsp. sterilis	13.1	6	1.9	0.0062
Micromeria myrtifolia	13.1	14.2	2.5	0.5741
Crucianella imbricata	12	11	2.39	0.2721
Lotus peregrinus	11.2	4.1	1.7	0.0058
Petrorhagia dubia	10.3	5.2	1.86	0.0232
Trifolium angustifolium	10	7.4	2.01	0.1162
Ranunculus paludosus	9.8	6.2	1.93	0.0644
Trifolium nigrescens subsp. petrisavii	9.5	6.7	2	0.0922
Helichrysum stoechas subsp. barrelieri	9	6	1.97	0.0786
Gagea graeca	8.8	5.7	1.91	0.0822
Vulpia ciliata subsp. ciliata	8.8	4.1	1.67	0.0222
Pyrus amygdaliformis var. lanceolata	8.2	6.7	1.98	0.1616
Galium murale	6.7	4.7	1.73	0.156
Plantago lagopus	6.2	5	1.8	0.2599
Aira elegantissima subsp. ambigua	6	5.3	1.87	0.3723
Bromus hordeaceus subsp. hordeaceus	5.7	4.1	1.67	0.1766
Erodium cicutarium subsp. cicutarium	5.7	4.2	1.72	0.189
Parentucellia latifolia subsp. latifolia	5.2	4.4	1.73	0.3249
Onosma frutescens	4.9	4.7	1.7	0.4175
Torilis arvensis subsp. elongata	4.7	6.6	2.03	0.783
Silene cretica	3.8	4.1	1.71	0.5575
Daucus guttatus	3	4.9	1.73	0.9372
Medicago orbicularis	2.4	4.1	1.69	0.8322

Table 5:

Vegetation table of Aristolochio guichardii-Pinetum brutiae Akbaş & Varol ass. nov. (Holotypus: Sampling plot no 49).

Tabela 5: Vegetacijska tabela asociacije Aristolochio guichardii-Pinetum brutiae Akbaş & Varol ass. nov. (Holotip: popis št. 49).

	Sampling Plot No:	146	134	145	141	155	49*	50	135	131	166	161	48	43	130	132	156	46	108	121	114	168	138
LIFE FORMS	Size of sampling plot (m²)	900	900	900	900	900	900	900	900	900	900	900	900	900	900	900	900	900	900	900	900	900	900
	Altitude (m)	578	410	580	550	450	410	388	420	400	630	560	400	120	415	435	400	409	110	75	336	630	536
	Exposure (°)	NW	E	NW	W	SW	SW	N	NE	SW	NE	SW	N	W	N	NW	NE	SW	W	E	S	NW	NW
	Inclination (°)	5	15	5	20	25	15	10	10	20	20	20	30	26	10	15	15	11	10	40	15	10	10
	Coverage of trees (%)	75	75	80	90	75	90	80	70	80	75	85	65	70	85	80	90	80	75	75	85	85	90
	Height of trees (m)	25	30	20	25	30	25	25	25	25	25	25	20	20	25	30	25	25	30	30	25	25	25
Coverage of shrubs (%)	35	25	15	35	40	15	20	45	30	20	30	50	50	45	20	30	60	60	70	60	25	25
Height of shrubs (m)	3	4	2	3	5	3	4	4	1	3	3	3	2	2	4	2	3	3	3	3	4	3
Coverage of herbs (%)	25	10	10	5	5	25	55	15	40	5	5	20	60	30	30	5	30	25	5	5	5	7
Height of herbs (cm)	100	100	100	100	100	45	40	100	100	100	100	45	50	100	100	100	50	100	100	100	100	100
Bedrock	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.
	Diagnostic species
Mezo Ph	Pinus brutia	55	55	55	55	55	55	55	44	55	55	55	44	44	55	55	55	44	55	55	55	55	55
T	Crepis fraasii	+1	+1	+1	+1	.	+1	+1	+1	11	+1	+1	11	+1	22	21	+1	+1	11	+1	+1	+1	.
H	Aristolochia guichardii	11	.	+1	+1	+1	33	22	+1	11	+1	+1	+1	+1	.	.	+1	+1	.	.	11	.	+1
Nan. Ph	Asparagus aphyllus subsp. orientalis	+1	+1	+1	+1	+1	+1	+1	+1	+1	+1	+1	+1	+1	+1	+1	+1	11	+1	+1	11	+1	+1
Character species of the alliance Quercion ilicis
Nan. Ph	Quercus coccifera	22	12	22	22	22	22	33	12	12	22	22	43	.	12	12	22	43	12	22	22	22	22
Nan. Ph	Hypericum empetrifolium	+2	+2	.	.	.	12	12	12	+2	.	12	12	23	12	.	.	.	12	22	.	.	.
H	Carex distachya var. phyllostachioidea	+2	+2	+2	+2	+2	.	.	.	12	.	.	.	.	12	12	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Nan. Ph	Pistacia terebinthus subsp. palaestina	+2	+2	+2	.	.	.	.	22	.	12	+2	.	+2	+2	+2	.	.	.	.	12	+2	.
Nan. Ph	Arbutus unedo	.	12	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	12	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
H	Euphorbia characias subsp. wulfenii	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.
Nan. Ph	Quercus ilex	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	22	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Character species of the order Quercetalia ilicis
Nan. Ph	Phillyrea latifolia	22	22	+2	12	+2	12	.	22	12	.	12	.	23	12	22	.	.	.	22	12	.	.
Nan. Ph	Laurus nobilis	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+2	+2	.
Nan. Ph	Melissa officinalis subsp. altissima	.	22	.	.	.	.	.	22	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Nan. Ph	Rhus coriaria	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+2	.	.	.	.	.
Ch	Ruscus aculeatus var. aculeatus	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+2	.
Character species of the class Quercetea pubescentis
H	Silene italica	.	.	+2	.	.	+2	+2	.	.	+2	.	12	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
G	Limodorum abortivum	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	+1	.	+1	.	.	.
Nan. Ph	Crataegus monogyna subsp. azarella	.	.	+2	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	12	+2	.	.	.	.
H	Brachypodium pinnatum	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	12	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	12	.
H	Campanula lyrata subsp. lyrata	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
T	Trifolium grandiflorum	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
H	Luzula forsteri	.	.	+2	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
H	Cicer montbretii	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	12
G	Cephalanthera rubra	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Nan. Ph	Fraxinus ornus subsp. cilicica	.	.	.	.	.	.	+2	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Character species of the class Secalinetea
T	Crepis sancta	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.
T	Torilis nodosa	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Companion species
H	Dactylis glomerata subsp. hispanica	22	.	12	12	.	+2	12	.	12	+2	+2	12	12	.	.	.	.	22	+2	22	+2	12
G	Cyclamen hederifolium	+1	+1	+1	+1	.	+1	+1	+1	11	+1	.	+1	+1	.	+1	.	+1	.	.	+1	.	+1
H	Aetheorhiza bulbosa subsp. microcephala	11	+1	+1	11	+1	.	.	11	21	+1	.	.	.	22	22	11	.	.	.	.	.	11
Nan. Ph	Phlomis bourgaei	12	12	+2	.	12	22	12	.	.	12	+2	12	12	.	.	.	+2	.	.	.	12	.
T	Torilis arvensis subsp. purpurea	+1	+1	+1	.	+1	.	+1	+1	11	.	.	.	+1	+1	11	+1	.	+1	+1	+1	.	.
T	Trifolium campestre	.	.	+1	+1	+1	.	.	+1	11	.	+1	+1	+1	11	.	+1	+1	21	+1	.	.	.
T	Lathyrus aphaca var. pseudoaphaca	+1	.	+1	.	+1	.	+1	+1	+1	+1	+1	.	.	+1	+1	.	+1	22	.	+1	.	.
H	Origanum onites	12	12	+2	22	.	12	12	.	22	.	.	2	+2	12	12	.	12	12	.	.	.	.
H	Vicia pubescens	.	.	.	+1	+1	.	+1	+1	.	.	+1	+1	.	.	.	+1	.	22	+1	+1	.	.
T	Cynosurus echinatus	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	+1	.	+1	+1	+1	+1	.	+1	.	+1	.	.	.	.
H	Piptatherum miliaceum subsp. thomasii	.	+2	+2	.	12	.	.	.	.	+2	12	.	+2	+2	.	.	.	12	.	.	.	.
H	Carex flacca subsp. serrulata	22	.	11	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	11	11	.	+1	.	.	+1	+1	.
H	Galium heldreichii	11	+1	+1	11	.	11	.	.	11	11	.	11	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	+1
G	Asphodelus aestivus	.	.	.	.	.	11	.	.	.	.	.	+1	+1	.	.	+1	+1	+1	+1	+1	.	.
T	Euphorbia peplus var. peplus	.	+1	+1	.	.	.	+1	+1	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	+1	.	.
T	Briza maxima	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	+1	.	.	.	.	+1	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.
Nan. Ph	Quercus pubescens	.	12	.	+2	+2	.	.	12	.	+2	+2	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
T	Bromus diandrus	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	11	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.
T	Myosotis ramosissima subsp. ramosissima	.	.	.	+1	+1	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
H	Vicia villosa subsp. eriocarpa	.	.	.	+1	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	+1	.	.
T	Trachynia distachya	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.
T	Veronica cymbalaria	.	+1	.	.	+1	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	+1	.	.	.
H	Vicia hirsuta	+1	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	11	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
T	Euphorbia apios	+1	.	.	+1	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1
Nan. Ph	Pyrus amygdaliformis var. amygdaliformis	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+2	.	.	+1	.	.	+2	.
H	Stipa bromoides	.	12	+2	.	.	.	.	12	.	.	.	.	+2	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Nan. Ph	Stachys cretica subsp. smyrnaea	.	.	.	+2	.	12	.	.	.	.	+2	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
H	Carlina corymbosa	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	+1	.	.

Low-frequency taxa: Crucianella latifolia (T) +1 (43), +1 (161); Tamus communis subsp. cretica (G) +1 (50); Parietaria lusitanica (T) +1 (50), +1 (135); Ranunculus neapolitanus (H) +1 (50), +1 (138); Hypericum perfoliatum (H) +1 (50), +2 (114); Pyrus amygdaliformis var. amygdaliformis (Nan. Ph) +1 (50), +1 (108), +2 (132); Trifolium lappaceum (T) +1 (108), +1 (161); Hymenocarpus circinnatus (T) +1 (108), +1 (161); Allium subhirsutum (G) +1 (135); Geranium lucidum (T) +1(132), +1 (134), +1 (156); Rhagadiolus stellatus var. edulis (H) +1 (132), +1 (134), +1 (135); Rubus sanctus (Nan. Ph) +2 (138), +2 (146), 12 (155). Blackstonia perfoliata subsp. perfoliata (T) +1 (43), +1 (121); Quercus aucheri (Nan. Ph) 12 (108), 12 (161); Arenaria oxypetala (T) +1 (135), +1 (168); Piptatherum miliaceum subsp. miliaceum (H) +2 (114); Torilis arvensis subsp. elongata (T) +1 (161); Luzula nodulosa (H) +1 (48), +1 (168); Sanguisorba minor subsp. magnolii (H) +1 (50), +1 (135); Urospermum picroides (T) +1(50); Trifolium arvense var. arvense (T) +1 (155); Trifolium stellatum var. stellatum (T) +1 (161); Arrhenatherum palaestinum (G) 11 (130), +1 (135); Crucianella imbricata (T) +1 (114); Tamus communis subsp. communis (G) +1 (132); Cytinus hypocistis subsp. kermesinus (G) +1 (121), +1 (130); Rhagadiolus stellatus var. stellatus (H) +1 (138), +1 (156); Lens ervoides (T) +1 (131), 11 (132); Leontodon tuberosus (H) 11 (131), +1 (141); Galium aparine (T) +1 (134), +1 (135). Scaligeria napiformis (T) +1 (43); Muscari comosum (G) +1 (50); Cytinus hypocistis subsp. orientalis (G) +1 (43); Gastridium phleoides (T) +1 (43); Vicia cassia (H) +1 (43); Rosa canina (Nan. Ph) +1 (46); Oenanthe aquatica (H) +1 (48); Tragopogon dubius (H) +1 (48); Rubus canescens var. canescens (Nan. Ph) 32 (49); Agrimonia eupatoria (H) 12 (50); Verbascum sinuatum subsp. adenosepalum (H) +1 (50); Asperula brevifolia (Ch) +1 (108); Daucus guttatus (T) +1 (108); Euphorbia acanthothamnos (Ch) +2 (108); Knautia integrifolia var. bidens (H) +1 (166); Lagoecia cuminoides (T) +1 (135); Sherardia arvensis (T) +1 (132); Umbilicus rupestris (Ch) +1 (134); Gladiolus anatolicus (G) +1 (121); Ptilostemon chamaepeuce (H) +1 (114); Anthemis tinctoria var. tinctoria (H) +1 (114); Picnomon acarna (H) +1 (114); Avena sterilis subsp. sterilis (T) +1 (114); Anagyris foetida (Nan. Ph) +2 (121); Centaurium erythraea subsp. turcicum (T) +1 (121); Bromus fasciculatus (T) 11 (130); Bromus rigidus (H) +1 (131); Onosma frutescens (H) 11 (131); Lathyrus sphaericus (T) +1 (132); Trifolium subterraneum (T) +1 (135); Vitex agnus-castus (Nan. F) +2 (138); Ranunculus velutinus (H) +1 (146); Verbascum pinardii (H) +1 (155); Avena wiestii (T) +1 (156); Symphytum circinale (H) +1 (168).

Abbreviations: Cal. = calcareous bedrock; Alt. = altitude (m); Incl. = inclination (%); Tree cov. = tree layer cover (%); Shrub cov. = shrub layer cover (%); Herb cov. = herb layer cover (%); Sampling plot area = vegetation sampling plot size (m²). Life-form abbreviations: Th = Therophyte; H = Hemicryptophyte; G = Geophyte; Ch = Chamaephyte; Nan. Ph = Nanophanerophyte; Mezo. Ph = Mesophanerophyte. Companion species = accompanying taxa without diagnostic value for the association; Low-frequency taxa = taxa recorded in a limited number of sampling plots.

* = holotypus of the newly described association.

Table 6:

Vegetation table of Allio subhirsuti-Quercetum aucheri Akbaş & Varol ass. nov. (Holotypus: Sampling plot no 17) .

Tabela 6: Vegetacijska tabela asociacije Allio subhirsuti-Quercetum aucheri Akbaş & Varol ass. nov. (Holotip: popis št. 17).

	Sampling Plot No:	78	79	21	22	33	39	9	10	11	17*	19	30	31	41	42	27	34	38	53	55	101	102
LIFE FORMS	Size of sampling plot (m²)	256	256	256	256	256	256	256	256	256	256	256	256	256	256	256	256	256	256	256	256	256	256
	Altitude (m)	80	100	350	371	370	366	380	339	329	321	345	397	396	300	320	275	381	406	244	291	100	110
	Exposure (°)	N	W	N	SE	SE	SE	W	S	S	SW	W	N	NW	S	SE	NE	SE	E	W	E	N	N
	Inclination (°)	10	10	20	30	25	25	25	33	33	25	15	30	30	25	30	20	23	25	20	20	10	15
	Coverage of trees (%)
	Height of trees (m)
Coverage of shrubs (%)	60	70	90	70	80	70	80	80	75	70	90	80	70	80	80	80	70	80	80	75	75	75
Height of shrubs (m)	5	6	4	3	4	4	5	3	6	3	4	4	4	3	5	4	3	4	3	3	3	4
Coverage of herbs (%)	90	85	50	80	65	75	60	90	50	85	60	70	60	80	80	60	90	80	60	75	85	80
Height of herbs (cm)	100	100	30	70	100	20	100	100	80	80	80	80	80	90	80	80	90	100	70	100	100	100
Bedrock	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.
	Diagnostic species
Mic. Ph	Quercus aucheri	.	.	.	.	.	.	33	22	22	33	22	22	22	33	12	12	22	12	12	22	12	22
G	Allium subhirsutum	+1	+1	.	.	+1	11	.	.	.	+1	11	.	11	.	.	+1	.	+1	11	11	.	11
Nan. Ph	Clematis cirrhosa	.	+1	11	.	11	11	11	11	11	11	.	11	11	.	11	.	11	11	11	11	+1	.
Nan. Ph	Laurus nobilis	.	.	22	.	12	.	12	.	.	.	12	12	12	22	.	22	.	12	.	.	.	.
Nan. Ph	Phlomis lycia	.	.	.	12	.	12	.	22	22	12	12	12	22	12	22	12	22	.	2	.	12	12
Nan. Ph	Anagyris foetida	.	+2	.	.	.	.	+2	33	22	12	12	12	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	33	22
Character species of the alliance Oleo-Ceratonion
Nan. Ph	Asparagus aphyllus subsp. orientalis	+1	.	11	+1	+1	11	11	11	11	+1	11	+1	.	+1	+1	+1	.	+1	+1	.	.	+1
Nan. Ph	Daphne gnidioides	.	.	12	+2	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	12	.	.	12	12	12	12
H	Piptatherum coerulescens	.	.	+2	12	.	.	.	.	12	.	.	.	12	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	12
Nan. Ph	Prasium majus							.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	22	.	12	12
Nan. Ph	Ceratonia siliqua	.	22	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Character species of the order Pistacio-Rhamnetalia alaterni
Nan. Ph	Rubia tenuifolia subsp. tenuifolia	.	+2	.	.	12	12	+2	12	.	12	12	12	12	12	12	.	12	12	12	.	.	.
Nan. Ph	Pistacia lentiscus	.	.	12	12	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	12	.	.	12	.	.	.	12	.	22	22
Mic. Ph	Arbutus andrachne	.	.	12	12	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Nan. Ph	Phagnalon graecum	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+2
Character species of the class Quercetea ilicis
Mic. Ph	Phillyrea latifolia	22	12	12	22	22	22	22	22	33	22	22	.	22	.	22	22	22	22	22	.	.	.
Mic. Ph	Quercus coccifera	.	+2	44	33	33	22	22	33	.	22	33	22	22	22	.	33	33	33	22	33	12	33
Nan. Ph	Olea europaea	.	.	.	.	12	.	12	.	.	.	.	.	12	.	.	12	12	.	12	+2	12	22
T	Geranium purpureum	11	11	22	11	+1	11	11	.	21	+1	11	11	11	.	11	+1	.	11	11	+1	.	11
G	Arisarum vulgare subsp. vulgare	.	.	+1	+1	+1	.	.	+1	+1	+1	+1	+1	+1	.	.	.	.	+1	+1	+1	.	.
H	Smilax aspera	.	+1	21	11	11	11	.	.	.	.	21	11	.	.	.	21	.	11	11	.	+1	+1
T	Trifolium clypeatum	11	+1	.	.	.	.	11	.	.	11	11	11	+1	.	.	+1	.	+1	.	.	11	.
G	Cyclamen hederifolium	+1	.	11	.	+1	+1	.	.	+1	.	11	.	.	.	.	+1	+1	+1	11	.	.	.
Nan. Ph	Pistacia terebinthus subsp. palaestina	12	12	.	.	.	12	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	12	.	.	.	.
Nan. Ph	Jasminium fruticans							+2	+2	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+2	.	.
Nan. Ph	Hypericum empetrifolium	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+2	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+2	.	.	.
H	Carex distachya var. phyllostachioidea	.	.	.	.	.	.	12	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+2	.	.	.	.	.	.
Character species of the class Cisto-Micromerietea
T	Melica minuta	.	.	+2	.	.	.	.	.	.	12	.	.	12	.	12	12	.	22	.	.	12	+2
Nan. Ph	Cistus creticus	.	.	12	22	12	12	22	.	.	22	12	.	+2	.	.	12	12	.	12	22	.	12
Nan. Ph	Calicotome villosa	.	.	.	.	12	.	.	.	.	12	.	.	.	.	.	.	12	.	12	12	12	.
Nan. Ph	Salvia fruticosa	.	22	.	.	.	.	+2	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	12	.	.	12	.	.	.
Nan. Ph	Micromeria myrtifolia	+2	+2	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	12	.	.	.	.	.	+2	.	.	.	.	.	.
Ch	Sarcopoterium spinosum	.	.	.	12	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+2	12
T	Aira elegantissima subsp. elegantissima	.	.	.	.	.	11	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	11	.	.	.	11
H	Psoralea butiminosa	.	.	.	22	.	.	.	.	.	+2	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Nan. Ph	Helichyrisum stoechas subsp. barrelieri	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	22	.	.	.
T	Anthoxanthum odoratum subsp. odoratum	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	11	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Ch	Genista acanthoclada	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	33	.	.	.
Nan. Ph	Cistus salviifolius	.	.	.	12	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Nan. Ph	Lavandula stoechas subsp. stoechas	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	22	.	.	.
G	Drimia maritima	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	+1	11	.
Character species of the order Quercetea pubescentis
H	Silene italica	.	.	.	.	12	.	+2	.	.	12	+2	.	.	.	.	12	.	12	.	.	.	.
Mic. Ph	Crataegus monogyna subsp. azarella	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	12	.	.	12	.	.	.	.	.	12	.	.	+2	+2	+2
H	Campanula lyrata subsp. lyrata Secalinetea	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	11	.	.	.	.
T	Orlaya daucoides	+1	.	.	.	+1	11	+1	11	11	11	.	+1	11	.	11	+1	.	+1	11	.	.	+1
T	Anagallis arvensis var. caerulea	+1	.	.	+1	+1	+1	.	11	.	+1	.	.	.	+1	.	.	+1	.	.	+1	+1	.
T	Centaurea cyanus	.	.	.	.	+1	11	+1	+1	.	.	.	.	+1	.	+1	.	.	11	.	.	.	.
T	Crepis sancta	.	.	.	.	.	.	11	.	11	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	11	11	.	.
T	Legousia speculum-veneris	+1	.	.	.	.	.	11	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
T	Scandix pecten-veneris	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	11	.	.
T	Lolium temulentum												+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
T	Papaver rhoeas	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
T	Trifolium graniflorum	11	+1	.	+1	+1	+1	.	.	.	11	.	11	11	+1	11	+1	+1	11	.	.	.	.
T	Scandix australis subsp. grandiflora			.	.	.	.	11	22	21	.	.	11	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.
Nan. Ph	Ruscus aculeatus	.	.	12	.	.	+2	+2	.	.	.	+2	.	12	.	.	.	.	.	+2	.	.	.
Nan. Ph	Styrax officinalis	.	.	12	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	12	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Companion species
G	Asphodelus aestivus	+1	+1	11	11	11	+1	.	+1	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	.	11	11	11	11	11	11
Ch	Euphorbia acanthothamnos	12	+2	.	.	.	33	22	22	22	12	12	12	12	12	22	12	12	22	12	12	12	12
T	Sherardia arvensis	+1	+1	+1	.	11	.	+1	11	.	11	11	11	+1	+1	+1	+1	.	+1	.	11	11	+1
T	Lagoecia cuminoides	22	11	.	+1	11	11	.	11	.	11	11	11	11	11	22	+1	11	22	.	22	.	11
T	Parietaria lusitanica	+1	.	+1	.	+1	+1	+1	+1	22	+1	11	+1	+1	+1	+1	+1	.	.	.	.	+1	.
G	Muscari comosum	.	.	+1	+1	+1	+1	.	+1	11	+1	.	+1	+1	+1	+1	+1	+1	+1	.	.	+1	+1
T	Briza maxima	+1	+1	.	11	+1	11	.	+1	+1	11	.	+1	+1	11	.	+1	11	11	.	.	11	+1
T	Trifolium campestre	+1	+1	.	+1	+1	11	.	.	.	11	+1	11	11	.	.	11	11	+1	.	21	11	22
T	Trifolium stellatum var. stellatum	33	22	.	.	11	11	.	.	.	11	11	11	11	11	22	11	11	11	.	11	22	.
	Anthemis chia	+1	.	.	.	+1	+1	.	11	11	11	11	11	+1	.	.	+1	+1	.	.	+1	.	+1
T	Bromus diandrus	.	.	.	.	11	22	.	22	+1	+1	.	11	11	22	22	.	11	11	.	.	+1	.
T	Arabis verna	.	.	+1	.	+1	.	+1	11	+1	+1	11	+1	+1	.	+1	+1	+1	.	+1	+1	.	.
T	Anthemis chia	+1	.	.	.	+1	+1	.	11	11	11	11	11	+1	.	.	+1	+1	.	.	+1	.	+1
H	Dactylis glomerata subsp. hispanica	+2	12	.	.	12	22	.	.	.	.	.	.	12	12	12	.	12	22	+2	.	12	12
T	Geranium lucidum	+1	.	11	.	11	11	11	21	.	+1	11	+1	+1	.	11	+1	.	11	.	.	.	.
T	Cynosurus echinatus	11	11	+1	+1	11	11	.	.	.	.	.	+1	11	.	11	.	.	11	.	.	.	.
Nan. Ph	Origanum onites	.	.	12	12	.	.	.	+2	.	12	12	12	.	.	.	12	.	12	.	22	12	.
T	Torilis arvensis subsp. purpurea	+1	.	.	11	11	11	11	+1	.	21	.	11	11	.	.	11	11	.	.	.	+1	.
T	Urospermum picroides	11	+1	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	+1	+1	+1	+1	+1	.	.	11	11	.
T	Crepis foetida subsp. commutata	+1	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	11	11	+1	.	.	.	+1	11	.	.	+1	21	11
T	Veronica cymbalaria	.	.	22	.	.	.	+1	11	11	+1	11	11	.	.	.	+1	.	+1	11	.	.	.
T	Euphorbia peplus var. peplus	+1	+1	.	.	11	.	11	.	11	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1
T	Filago eriocephala	.	.	+1	+1	11	.	.	.	.	.	11	+1	.	.	+1	.	11	.	.	+1	11	11
T	Valantia hispida	+1	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	+1	+1	.	.	.	+1	.	+1	.	.	.	11	.
G	Hordeum bulbosum	.	.	+2	.	+1	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	+1	11	11	.	11	11	.	.	11	.
T	Lathyrus aphaca var. pseudoaphaca	+1	11	.	22	.	.	.	.	.	11	.	.	11	.	.	11	11	.	.	11	.	.
T	Coronilla parviflora	22	33	.	+1	.	.	.	.	11	11	11	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Ch	Umbilicus horizontalis subsp. horizontalis	.	.	+1	.	.	.	+1	.	+1	+1	+1	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
T	Rostraria cristata var. cristata	+1	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	+1	11	.	.	+1	.	.	.	+1
T	Linum bienne	+1	+1	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	+1	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	11	.
T	Melilotus italica			.	.	+1	.	.	11	11	11	.	+1	+1	+1	.	.	.	.	11	.	.	.
T	Coronilla cretica					+1	.	11	11	.	.	.	11	11	.	11	.	+1	.	.	11	.	.
T	Rhagadiolus stellatus var. edulis	.	.	+1	.	.	.	+1	.	11	.	.	11	+1	.	11	+1	.	.	.	.	+1	.
T	Scrophularia peregrina	+1	.	+1	.	.	.	.	+1	+1	.	+1	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.
T	Geranium molle subsp. molle	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	+1	+1	+1	11	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	11	+1	.
T	Valeriana dioscoridis					+1	+1	.	.	+1	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	11	+1	+1	.	.
T	Avena sterilis subsp. ludoviciana					+1	11	.	11	.	.	.	.	11	11	11	.	11	+1	.	.	.	.
T	Cerastium glomeratum	.	.	+1	.	+1	.	+1	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	+1	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.
T	Trifolium hirtum	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	11	11	.	.	.	.	.	+1	22
T	Crucianella imbricata	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	11	.	.	+1	11	11
G	Ornithogalum narbonense	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	+1	.	+1	+1	.	.	+1	11
T	Avena sterilis subsp. sterilis	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	11	11
T	Catapodium rigidum subsp. rigidum var. rigidum			.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	+1	.	.	.	11	+1
H	Mandragora autumnalis			+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	+1	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	+1	+1	.
H	Rumex tuberosus subsp. creticus			+1	.	.	.	+1	.	.	+1	11	+1	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.
T	Trigonella monspeliaca					+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	+1	+1	+1	+1	.	.	.	.	.
H	Sanguisorba minor subsp. magnolii	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	+1	.	.	+1	.	.	.	+1	.	.	11	.
T	Bromus intermedius	+1	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	21	.	.	.	22	.	.	.	11	.	.	.	.
H	Knautia integrifolia var. bidens	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	11	.	.	21	11
T	Myosotis ramosissima subsp. ramosissima	.	.	22	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	11	+1	+1	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.
Nan. Ph	Phlomis grandiflora subsp. grandiflora	22	12	.	.	22	12	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	12	.	.	.	.
T	Campanula drabifolia		+1	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	+1	+1	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.
T	Biscutella didyma			.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	+1	+1	.	.	.	.	+1
H	Piptatherum miliaceum subsp. thomasii	+2	22	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
H	Vicia cassia	.	.	.	.	11	+1	.	.	.	.	.	11	11	.	.	.	.	.	11	.	.	.
H	Scorzonera elata	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	+1	+1	.	.	.	+1
T	Arrhenatherum palaestinum	.	.	.	.	12	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	11	11	.	.	.	.	.
H	Tamus communis subsp. communis	.	.	.	.	.	.	11	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	+1	.	.	.	.
H	Bryonia cretica	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	+1	.	11	.	11	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.
H	Onosma frutescens	.	.	+1	+1	.	.	.	+2	+2	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
T	Galium aparine	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	11	11	.	.	.	+1	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.
T	Mercurialis annua	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	11	+1	+1	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
T	Ranunculus chius	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	11	11	.	.
H	Verbascum propontideum	.	.	.	+2	+2	.	.	+2	+2	12	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
T	Torilis leptophylla	+1	11	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	11	22	.	.	22	.	.	.	.
G	Ophrys candida subsp. lyciensis			.	+1	.	+1	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	+1	.	+1	.	.	.	.
T	Minuartia hybrida subsp. hybrida			+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	+1	.	.	+1	.	+1	.	.	.	.
T	Valerianella muricata					11	.	.	.	.	.	11	.	.	.	+1	+1	.	.	.	.	.	+1
Nan. Ph	Ballota acetobulosa	.	12	.	.	.	.	.	.	12	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	12	.
H	Vicia villosa subsp. eriocarpa	.	.	.	.	.	.	11	11	.	.	.	.	.	11	11	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
T	Daucus guttatus	+1	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	11
T	Medicago minima var. minima	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	+1	.	.	.	.	11	.	.	.	.	.	.
T	Trifolium scabrum	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	11	11
T	Crepis foetida subsp. rhoeadifolia	11	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	11	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
H	Vicia villosa subsp. dasycarpa	.	.	+1	21	.	.	.	.	.	21	11	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
T	Pallenis spinosa	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	+1	.	.	.	+1	+1
T	Bromus rigidus	22	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	22	.	.
G	Leontodon tuberosus	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	11	11	.	.
T	Cerastium illyricum subsp. comatum	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	+1	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.
G	Fritillaria sibthorpiana subsp. sibthorpiana	.	.	.	.	.	+1	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.
T	Galium brevifolium subsp. brevifolium	.	.	.	.	11	.	.	11	11	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
T	Lamium amplexicaule	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.
T	Trifolium tomentosum	+1	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	11	11	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
T	Lathyrus annuus	.	+1	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
T	Senecio vernalis	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	11	+1	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.
G	Gagea graeca	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	11	11	.	.	+1
T	Thlaspi perfoliatum	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	+1	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	11	.	.	.

Low-frequency taxa: Umbilicus horizontalis subsp. intermedius (Ch) +1 (30), +1 (27), +1 (34); Andropogon distachyos (H) +2 (22), +12 (10); Hymenocarpus circinnatus (T) +1 (78), +1 (19), +1 (55); Trachynia distachya (T) 11 (101); Medicago polymorpha var. polymorpha (T) +1 (78), 11 (101); Rhagadiolus stellatus var. stellatus (T) 11 (78), +1 (79); Silene cretica (T) +1 (21), +1 (41), 11 (101); Sonchus oleraceus (T) +1 (10), +1 (11); Urtica membranacea (T) +1 (21); Lavatera punctata (T) +1 (101); Parentucellia latifolia subsp. latifolia (T) +1 (30), +1 (27); Valerianella discoidea (T) 11 (9), +1 (10); Dranunculus vulgaris (G) +1 (78), +1 (27); Orchis anatolica (G) +1 (78), +1 (9), +1 (38); Ranunculus asiaticus (H) +1 (78), 11 (10), 11 (11); Knautia integrifolia var. integrifolia (H) +1 (79), 11 (41), 11 (42); Linum strictum var. spicatum (T) +1 (39), 11 (101); Cuscuta palaestina subsp. palaestina (T) +1 (101), 11 (102); Ranunculus paludosus (H) 11 (21), 11 (30), +1 (53); Veronica arvensis (T) +1 (21), +1 (19), +1 (27); Silene behen (T) +1 (33), +1 (10), +1 (17); Erodium cicutarium subsp. cicutarium (T) +1 (41); Ornithogalum umbellatum (G) 11 (9), +1 (17), 11 (55); Silene dichotoma subsp. dichotoma (H) +1 (10), +1 (41), +1 (38); Tordylium aegaeum (T) +1 (10), +1 (41), +1 (42); Scaligeria napiformis (H) 11 (102); Ranunculus neapolitanus (H) 11 (21), +1 (19); Torilis arvensis subsp. elongata (T) 22 (53); Vicia pubescens (H) 22 (53), 11 (102); Trifolium angustifolium var. angustifolium (T) +1 (78), 11 (101); Picnomon acarna (T) +1 (42); Medicago disciformis (T) +1 (9), +1 (19); Scorpiurus muricatus subsp. subvillosus (T) +1 (55), +1 (102); Cardamine graeca (T) +1 (9); Cutandia stenostachya (T) +1 (39), +1 (19); Vicia cuspidata (H) +1 (38); Picris pauciflora (H) 11 (101), 11 (102); Petrorhagia velutina (T) +1 (39), +1 (34); Poa bulbosa (H) +2 (22), 12 (19); Stellaria media subsp. neglecta (T) +1 (19); Bromus hordeaceus subsp. hordeaceus (T) 11 (42); Trifolium boissieri (T) +1 (42); Vicia villosa subsp. microphylla (H) 11 (27); Lolium rigidum var. rottbollioides (H) +1 (78), +1 (41); Stachys spinulosa (T) +1 (78), 11 (10); Serapias politisii (G) +1 (78), +1 (102); Vicia hybrida (H) +1 (78), +1 (79); Anacamptis pyramidalis (G) +1 (79), +1 (39); Malva sylvestris (T) +1 (79), +1 (101); Galium murale (T) +1 (19), +1 (34); Orobanche ramosa (G) +1 (11), +1 (31); Plantago lagopus (T) 22 (55), 11 (101); Sisymbrium officinale (T) 11 (10), +1 (17); Stellaria media subsp. postii (T) +1 (21), +1 (42); Vicia galilaea (T) +1 (22), 11 (10); Lagurus ovatus (T) +1 (39); Legousia pentagonia (T) +1 (39), +1 (31); Ranunculus creticus (H) +1 (39), +1 (38); Sideritis curvidens (T) 11 (41); Rostraria cristata var. glabriflora (T) 11 (34); Pisum fulvum (T) +1 (9), 11 (10); Ranunculus marginatus var. trachycarpus (T) 11 (9), 11 (19); Stellaria media subsp. media (T) 11 (9), +1 (10); Onopordum bracteatum subsp. bracteatum (H) +1 (10), +1 (41); Senecio vulgaris (T) +1 (10), +1 (19); Falcaria vulgaris (T) +1 (17), 11 (19); Peltaria angustifolia (T) 11 (17), 11 (101); Daucus carota subsp. carota (H) +1 (19), 11 (101); Lathyrus cicera (T) +1 (31), +1 (34); Trifolium argutum (T) 11 (41), 11 (42); Gastridium phleoides (T) 11 (104); Phlomis bourgaei (Nan. Ph) +2 (55); Sonchus asper subsp. glaucescens (T) +1 (101); Stachys cretica subsp. smyrnaea (Nan. Ph) +2 (17); Aristolochia hirta (H) 11 (9); Bromus sterilis (T) 11 (27); Lathyrus aphaca var. affinis (T) +1 (19); Onobrychis caput-galli (T) +1 (34); Trifolium angustifolium var. intermedium (T) 11 (102); Carduus pycnocephalus subsp. albidus (H) +1 (42); Stellaria media subsp. pallida (T) +1 (21); Trifolium nigrescens subsp. petrisavii (T) 22 (101); Gerapogon hybridus (H) +1 (41); Lens ervoides (T) +1 (79); Lolium perenne (H) 12 (34); Linum corymbulosum (T) 11 (102); Polycarpon tetraphyllum (T) +1 (33); Phleum exaratum subsp. aegaeum (T) +1 (101); Geranium columbinum (T) +1 (102); Trigonella spicata (T) +1 (9); Trifolium pilulare (T) +1 (78); Vicia sativa subsp. nigra var. nigra (H) +1 (78); Anemone coronaria (G) +1 (38); Fumaria macrocarpa (T) +1 (10); Bromus chrysopogon (T) +1 (22); Lotus ornithopodioides (T) 11 (22); Bromus scoparius (T) +1 (33); Phleum boissieri (T) 11 (33); Pistacia atlantica (Nan. Ph) 12 (33); Pisum sativum subsp. elatius var. arvense (T) +1 (33); Rumex tuberosus subsp. tuberosus (H) +1 (39); Galium spurium subsp. spurium (T) +1 (9); Carduus pycnocephalus subsp. pycnocephalus (H) +1 (10); Fumaria parviflora (T) +1 (11); Salvia virgata (T) +1 (19); Pisum sativum subsp. elatius var. elatius (T) +1 (31); Sedum litoreum (K) +1 (31); Aegilops umbellulata subsp. umbellulata (T) 11 (41); Medicago littoralis var. littoralis (T) +1 (41); Fraxinus ornus subsp. ornus (Nan. Ph) +1 (42); Pisum sativum subsp. elatius var. pumilio (T) +1 (42); Melilotus elegans (T) +1 (27); Anchusa undulata subsp. hybrida (T) +1 (34); Medicago praecox (T) +1 (34); Sanguisorba minor subsp. minor (H) +1 (34); Medicago coronata (T) +1 (55); Ophrys cinereophila (G) +1 (53); Erodium malacoides (T) +1 (55); Medicago rugosa (T) +1 (101); Plantago cretica (T) +1 (101); Smyrnium rotundifolium (T) +1 (101); Trigonella balansae (T) +1 (101); Bupleurum gracile (T) +1 (102); Centuarium erythraea subsp. rumelicum (T) +1 (102); Vicia sativa subsp. sativa (H) +1 (102).

Abbreviations: Cal. = calcareous bedrock; Alt. = altitude (m); Incl. = inclination (%); Tree cov. = tree layer cover (%); Shrub cov. = shrub layer cover (%); Herb cov. = herb layer cover (%); Sampling plot area = vegetation sampling plot size (m²). Life-form abbreviations: Th = Therophyte; H = Hemicryptophyte; G = Geophyte; Ch = Chamaephyte; Nan. Ph = Nanophanerophyte; Mic Ph = Microphanerophyte. Companion species = accompanying taxa without diagnostic value for the association; Low-frequency taxa = taxa recorded in a limited number of sampling plots.

* = holotypus of the newly described association.

Table 7:

Vegetation table of Andropogono distachyi-Sarcopoterietum spinosi Akbaş & Varol ass. nov. (Holotypus: Sampling plot no 67).

Tabela 7: Vegetacijska tabela asociacije Andropogono distachyi-Sarcopoterietum spinosi Akbaş & Varol ass. nov. (Holotip: popis št. 67).

	Sampling Plot No:	80	81	82	83	90	91	93	94	96	1	3	60	61	84	65	86	66	67*	69	70	71	87	89
LIFE FORMS	Size of sampling plot (m²)	256	256	256	256	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
	Altitude (m)	100	130	160	106	40	70	39	106	105	191	170	167	185	266	170	270	109	138	185	75	75	260	220
	Exposure (°)	NW	S	SE	N	NE	NE	W	SE	N	E	S	N	W	W	SE	NE	SE	NW	SE	W	E	N	SE
	Inclination (°)	10	10	10	10	15	15	10	15	10	23	32	10	10	5	5	5	5	10	5	5	2	5	3
	Coverage of trees (%)
	Height of trees (m)
Coverage of shrubs (%)	75	80	70	70	50	50	50	50	55	90	90	90	90	90	80	70	85	80	80	85	60	85	85
Height of shrubs (m)	3	3	3	2	0,5	1	1	1	1	0,7	0,7	1	1	1	0,5	1	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5
Coverage of herbs (%)	80	85	80	80	60	60	40	70	40	30	40	50	25	90	60	85	35	30	40	35	40	70	70
Height of herbs (cm)	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	60	40	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
Bedrock	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.	Cal.
	Diagnostic species
Ch	Sarcopoterium spinosum	12	12	.	12	12	.	12	+2	12	33	22	33	22	33	44	33	44	44	44	44	44	55	55
H	Andropogon distachyos	.	22	22	.	.	.	12	22	.	22	33	.	32	33	22	.	33	33	22	22	22	.	22
T	Crepis commutata	+1	+1	.	.	11	11	11	.	11	.	+1	+1	.	.	+1	+1	.	+1	+1	+1	.	+1	+1
T	Valantia hispida	.	+1	.	.	21	21	11	11	11	.	.	.	.	.	+1	+1	.	+1	+1	+1	+1	.	+1
Character species of the alliance Cistion orientali
Nan. Ph	Lavandula stoechas subsp. stoechas	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	22	22	22	22	+2	.	.	.	.	+2	.	.	.	.
Character species of the order Cisto-Micromeritalia
Nan. Ph	Fumana arabica	.	.	.	.	+2	+2	+2	+2	.	22	22	.	.	12	+2	.	.	+2	.	.	.	.	.
G	Drimia maritima	.	+1	.	.	11	+1	+1	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	11	.	21	+1	+1	+1	+1	.	11
Character species of the class Cisto-Micromerietea
Ch	Genista acanthoclada	12	12	.	.	33	22	33	33	22	22	44	.	33	22	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Nan. Ph	Calicotome villosa	22	33	33	22	.	.	.	.	+2	.	+2	12	.	12	22	+2	.	.	+2	.	.	.	.
Nan. Ph	Cistus salviifolius	22	.	.	22	.	.	.	.	22	33	22	33	22	12	.	.	.	12	22	.	.	.	.
Nan. Ph	Micromeria myrtifolia	.	.	+2	.	.	.	+2	.	.	+2	12	+2	12	+2	+2	.	+2	+2	.	.	.	.	.
Nan. Ph	Cistus creticus	12	12	.	22	+2	.	.	.	+2	+2	22	+2	+2	22	12	+2	.	12	22	.	.	22	.
T	Aira elegantissima subsp. elegantissima	.	.	.	.	11	+1	+1	.	+1	.	.	.	.	+1	.	22	.	.	+1	.	.	22	.
Nan. Ph	Salvia fruticosa	.	.	.	.	+2	+2	+2	+1	12	.	.	.	.	12	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Nan. Ph	Coridothymus capitatus					12	22	22	.	.	12	22	.	12	.	.	.	22	.	.	12	.	.	.
Nan. Ph	Hypericum empetrifolium	12	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+2	22	.	22	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
H	Melica minuta	22	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Character species of the class Quercetea ilicis
Nan. Ph	Pistacia lentiscus	22	.	22	12	.	.	+2	.	12	+2	+2	.	.	22	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Nan. Ph	Asparagus aphyllus subsp. orientalis	11	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	+1	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Nan. Ph	Daphne gnidioides	+2	12	12	.	12	22	12	+2	+2	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
H	Piptatherum coerulescens	22	.	22	.	.	.	.	+2	+2	.	.	.	.	+2	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
H	Piptatherum miliaceum subsp. thomasii	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	32	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Nan. Ph	Phagnalon graecum	.	+2	.	.	.	.	+2	+2	.	.	.	.	.	+1	+2	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Nan. Ph	Rubia tenuifolia subsp. brachypoda	12	.	.	+2	.	.	.	.	+2	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Nan. Ph	Clematis cirrhosa	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Nan. Ph	Quercus coccifera	22	22	22	22	.	.	.	.	12	.	.	.	.	12	.	+2	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Nan. Ph	Olea europaea var. sylvestris	12	.	+2	.	12	.	+2	.	.	.	.	.	.	12	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
T	Geranium purpureum	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.
Nan. Ph	Smilax aspera	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Nan. Ph	Phillyrea latifolia	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+2	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Character species of the class Quercetea pubescentis
T	Trifolium speciosum	+1	+1	+1	11	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	+1	.	+1	+1	11	+1	+1	+1	.	.	+1	+1
H	Silene italica	.	.	.	12	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+2	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+2	.
Nan. Ph	Crataegus monogyna subsp. azarella	.	.	+2	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+2	+2	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
T	Scandix australis subsp. grandiflora					.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	11	+1
T	Campanula lyrata subsp. lyrata	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Companion species
T	Anthemis chia	.	.	.	+1	.	+1	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	+1	+1	.	+1	+1
T	Plantago cretica					11	22	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	22	11	11	+1	11	.	11	11
G	Asphodelus aestivus	.	+1	+1	+1	11	11	+1	+1	+1	11	21	.	11	+1	11	22	11	.	+1	+1	+1	.	+1
T	Rumex bucephalophorus	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	11	.	.	.	+1	.	.	11	.	.	11	+1
T	Trifolium campestre	22	+1	+1	11	11	11	+1	11	21	.	.	+1	.	11	11	11	+1	.	11	+1	+1	22	22
T	Convolvulus althaeoides	.	.	.	11	+1	+1	+1	.	11	.	11	.	.	.	+1	.	+1	.	.	+1	.	+1	.
T	Linum strictum var. spicatum	+1	+1	+1	.	11	11	11	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	11	+1	.	.	.	.	.
T	Anagallis arvensis var. caerulea	+1	+1	+1	+1	+1	+1	+1	+1	+1	+1	+1	.	.	+1	.	+1	.	+1	.	+1	+1	+1	+1
T	Trifolium stellatum var. stellatum	11	+1	+1	22	.	+1	.	+1	.	.	.	11	.	+1	+1	11	.	+1	11	11	22	11	11
T	Lagoecia cuminoides	+1	+1	+1	+1	+1	11	11	.	11	.	.	.	.	+1	11	+1	.	+1	.	+1	+1	11	11
T	Bromus diandrus	.	.	+1	22	.	.	+1	.	+1	+1	.	.	11	11	.	11	.	+1	+1	+1	+1	+1	+1
Nan. Ph	Origanum onites	12	12	.	12	.	.	12	.	12	.	22	.	.	+2	.	+2	+2	12	+2	.	.	+2	+2
G	Leontodon tuberosus	.	+1	11	+1	.	.	.	.	.	11	.	+1	11	.	+1	+1	+1	+1	.	+1	+1	+1	.
G	Muscari comosum	.	+1	+1	+1	+1	+1	.	+1	+1	.	+1	.	.	+1	.	.	+1	+1	.	+1	.	+1	.
T	Euphorbia peplus var. peplus	.	+1	+1	+1	+1	+1	+1	+1	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	+1	.	.	.	+1	+1
T	Sherardia arvensis	+1	+1	+1	.	+1	+1	.	+1	.	.	+1	+1	.	.	+1	+1	.	+1	.	.	.	+1	.
T	Briza maxima	.	+1	+1	+1	.	.	+1	.	+1	.	.	.	.	+1	.	+1	.	+1	+1	+1	.	.	+1
H	Festuca sp.	.	.	.	+2	.	.	.	.	+2	+2	.	12	.	+2	.	12	.	+2	.	+2	.	12	12
T	Urospermum picroides	+1	+1	+1	.	+1	+1	.	11	+1	.	.	+1	.	.	+1	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.
H	Dactylis glomerata subsp. hispanica	12	12	12	12	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	12	33	+2	.	22	.	.	.	.	.	12	12
T	Bromus fasciculatus	.	.	.	.	33	22	22	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	11	11	11	+1	22	22	22	.
T	Catapodium rigidum subsp. rigidum var. rigidum	+1	.	.	.	+1	+1	+1	+1	11	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	+1	.	+1	.	.	+1
T	Linum bienne	.	+1	+1	11	+1	+1	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	+1
T	Trifolium nigrescens subsp. petrisavii	11	11	11	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	22	.	22	.	.	.	11	11	22	22
G	Gagea graeca				+1	+1	+1	+1	+1	+1	.	.	.	.	+1	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.
T	Onobrychis caput-galli	+1	11	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	+1	+1	+1	.	.	.	+1	.	.	+1	+1
T	Biscutella didyma	+1	.	.	.	+1	+1	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	+1	+1	.	+1	.	.
T	Filago eriocephala	+1	.	.	.	.	+1	.	+1	21	.	.	+1	.	+1	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	11	.
Nan. Ph	Euphorbia acanthothamnos	.	22	12	12	+2	+2	.	12	+2	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	12	.	.	.	.	.
T	Geranium molle subsp. molle	.	+1	+1	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	+1	+1	+1	.	.	+1
T	Trifolium scabrum	.	.	.	.	.	+1	+1	+1	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	11	11	+1	.	.	.	+1
T	Avena sterilis subsp. sterilis	.	11	+1	11	.	.	.	+1	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	+1	.	.	11
T	Trifolium hirtum	.	.	+1	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	22	11	.	+1	.	+1	+1	.	.
T	Cynosurus echinatus	+1	11	.	11	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	11	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	11	.
T	Gastridium phleoides	.	11	.	.	+1	.	+1	+1	22	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1
T	Trifolium tomentosum	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	11	.	.	.	+1	11	11	11	11	+1
T	Tuberaria guttata var. plantaginea	.	.	.	.	11	11	.	.	.	.	.	11	.	.	.	+1	.	+1	.	.	.	22	+1
Nan. Ph	Pyrus amygdaliformis var. amygdaliformis	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+2	+2	.	+2	.	+2	+2	.	.	.	.	.	+2	+2
T	Trachynia distachya	+1	.	+1	.	11	+1	21	21	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
T	Ornithogalum narbonense	+1	+1	+1	.	+1	+1	+1	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
T	Scorpiurus muricatus subsp. subvillosus	.	+1	+1	.	+1	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	+1	+1	.	.
T	Torilis leptophylla	11	+1	.	.	11	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	11	.	+1	.	.	+1
T	Salvia viridis		+1	.	.	11	+1	.	11	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	+1	.	.	+1	.	.
T	Bromus intermedius	22	22	22	22	.	11	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
T	Crucianella imbricata	.	.	.	.	22	11	11	11	+1	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
T	Petrorhagia velutina	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	+1	.	.	+1	+1	.	+1	+1
T	Rostraria cristata var. cristata	.	.	.	.	.	+1	+1	.	.	11	.	.	.	.	11	+1	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.
T	Torilis arvensis subsp. purpurea	.	.	11	+1	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	+1	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.
H	Ranunculus paludosus	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	11	11	11	11	.	.	.	+1	.	+1	.
T	Trigonella monspeliaca	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	+1	11	+1	+1	+1	.	.
T	Parietaria lusitanica	.	.	.	.	+1	+1	+1	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.
Nan. Ph	Quercus aucheri	.	.	.	22	+2	.	+2	.	+2	.	+2	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
T	Cerastium glomeratum	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	+1	+1	.	+1
T	Rostraria cristata var. glabriflora	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	+1	+1	+1	+1	.	.
G	Hordeum bulbosum	12	.	+1	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	+1
H	Vicia pubescens	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	+1	.	.	.	+1	.	+1
Nan. Ph	Helichyrisum stoechas subsp. barrelieri	+2	.	.	.	.	.	+2	.	+2	.	12	.	.	12	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
T	Trifolium angustifolium var. angustifolium	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	11	.	11	.	.	+1	.	.	.	+1
H	Lotus peregrinus var. peregrinus	.	+1	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	+1
T	Senecio vernalis	.	.	+1	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.
T	Hedypnois cretica	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	+1	+1	+1
T	Trifolium leucanthum	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	22	11	+1	+1	.	.	.	.	+1
Nan. Ph	Phlomis lycia	.	22	12	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	12	.	12	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
T	Campanula drabifolia	.	+1	+1	.	.	.	+1	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
T	Vulpia ciliata subsp. ciliata	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	+1	+1	.	11	.
Nan. Ph	Hypericum empetrifolium	12	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+2	22	.	22	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
T	Lysimachia linum-stellatum	.	.	.	.	+1	11	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	+1	.
T	Ornithopus compressus	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	+1	.	.	+1	.	.	.	+1
H	Coronilla parviflora	.	+1	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	+1	.	.
T	Bromus hordeaceus subsp. hordeaceus	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	11	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	11	22
T	Galium murale	+1	.	.	.	.	+1	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.
G	Mandragora autumnalis	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.
T	Crucianella latifolia	+1	11	11	11	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
T	Trifolium angustifolium var. intermedium	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	+1	.	11	.
T	Lotus angustissimus	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	+1	+1	+1	.	.
T	Sideritis curvidens	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	+1	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1
G	Allium subhirsutum	+1	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
H	Knautia integrifolia var. integrifolia	.	.	.	.	11	11	.	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.
T	Hippocrepis unisiliquosa subsp. unisiliquosa	.	+1	.	.	.	.	+1	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	+1	.	.	.
T	Plantago lagopus	.	+1	.	.	.	22	22	+1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.

Low-frequency taxa: Scandix pecten-veneris (T) +1 (83), 11 (86), +1 (89); Aira elegantissima subsp. ambigua (T) +1 (80), +1 (83), 11 (89); Geranium lucidum (T) +1 (83), +1 (60), +1 (87); Onosma frutescens (H) +1 (81), +2 (65), +1 (86); Vicia cuspidata (H) 11 (60), +1 (86), +1 (69); Linaria pelisseriana (T) +1 (60), +1 (86), +1 (87); Scorzonera elata (H) +1 (82), +1 (94), +1 (84); Daucus guttatus (T) +1 (82), +1 (91), +1 (93); Hymenocarpus circinnatus (T) +1 (84), +1 (70), +1 (71); Orlaya daucoides (T) +1 (81), +1 (82), +1 (90); Serapias politisii (G) +1 (91), +1 (84), +1 (87); Bupleurum gracile (T) 21 (90), 11 (91), 11 (93); Filago pyramidata (T) +1 (90), +1 (91), 11 (93); Malva cretica (T) +1 (90), +1 (91), +1 (94); Scorzonera eriophora (H) 11 (60), +1 (61), +2 (86); Lotus conimbricensis (T) +1 (86), +1 (87), +1 (89); Medicago coronata (T) +1 (94), 11 (60), +1 (86).Bromus rigidus (T) 11 (60), +1 (61); Parentucellia latifolia subsp. latifolia (T) +1 (87), +1 (89); Erodium moschatum (T) +1 (60), +1 (87); Lathyrus aphaca var. pseudoaphaca (T) +1 (84), +1 (65); Mercurialis annua (T) +1 (93), +1 (94); Senecio vulgaris (T) +1 (69), +1 (70); Ranunculus asiaticus (H) +1 (81), +1 (94); Medicago minima var. minima (T) +1 (81), +1 (70); Ranunculus chius (T) +1 (90), 11 (60); Verbascum propontideum (H) +2 (82), +2 (65); Silene cretica (T) +1 (87), +1 (89); Umbilicus horizontalis subsp. horizontalis (K) +1 (84), +1 (87); Cuscuta palaestina subsp. palaestina (H) +1 (82), +1 (90); Rumex tuberosus subsp. creticus (H) +1 (86), +1 (87); Acinos rotundifolius (T) +1 (67), +1 (71); Cyclamen hederifolium (G) +1 (80), +1 (94); Cytinus hypocistis subsp. orientalis (G) +1 (1), +1 (60); Carex flacca subsp. serrulata (H) +1 (1), +1 (84); Lathyrus aphaca var. affinis (T) +1 (80), +1 (71); Arrhenatherum palaestinum (G) +1 (84), +1 (86); Anagyris foetida (Nan. F) 12 (82), 12 (83); Pallenis spinosa (T) +1 (90), +1 (93); Linum corymbulosum (T) +1 (82), +1 (86); Chrysanthemum segetum (T) +1 (81), +1 (90); Ophrys candida subsp. lyciensis (G) +1 (81), +1 (84); Sisymbrium officinale (T) +1 (81), +1 (91); Anemone coronaria (G) +1 (83), +1 (65); Avena sterilis subsp. ludoviciana (T) +1 (90), +1 (91); Valerianella muricata (T) +1 (84), +1 (86); Medicago praecox (T) +1 (71), +1 (87); Gynandriris sisynrichium (G) +1 (61), +1 (65); Stipa capensis (H) 11 (90), 22 (93); Valerianella obtusiloba (T) +1 (90), +1 (91); Atractylis cancellata (T) 11 (93), +1 (94); Neatostema apulum (T) +1 (67), +1 (71); Stachys arvensis (T) +1 (67), +1 (69); Echium plantagineum (T) +1 (86), +1 (87). Arabis verna (T) +1 (80); Cytinus hypocistis subsp. kermesinus (G) +1 (83); Veronica cymbalaria (T) +1 (86); Poa bulbosa (G) +2 (83); Valeriana dioscoridis (H) +1 (60); Crupina crupinastrum (T) +1 (80); Medicago arabica (T) +1 (83); Myosotis ramosissima subsp. ramosissima (T) +1 (60); Vicia hirsuta (H) +1 (65); Scrophularia peregrina (T) +1 (86); Thesium bergeri (T) +1 (71); Papaver rhoeas (T) +1 (87); Hypochaeris glabra (T) +1 (86); Serapias cordigera (G) +1 (60); Blackstonia perfoliata subsp. perfoliata (T) +1 (93); Phlomis bourgaei (Nan. F) +2 (84); Teucrium divaricatum subsp. villosum (Nan F) 12 (61); Vicia cassia (H) +1 (82); Rosularia serrata (H) +1 (84); Vicia villosa subsp. eriocarpa (H) +1 (87); Hypericum perfoliatum (H) +1 (66); Vicia cretica (T) +1 (84); Avena barbata subsp. barbata (T) +1 (93); Bromus sterilis (T) 11 (69); Medicago disciformis +(T) 1 (89); Knautia integrifolia var. bidens (H) +1 (81); Gladiolus anatolicus (G) +1 (96); Medicago orbicularis (T) +1 (89); Ptilostemon chamaepeuce (H) +2 (84); Picris altissima (H) 11 (94); Trifolium clypeatum (T) +1 (84); Gaudinia fragilis (T) 11 (89); Gerapogon hybridus (H) +1 (94); Trifolium subterraneum (T) +1 (69); Scrophularia lucida (H) +1 (82); Orobanche minör (G) +1 (87); Picris pauciflora (H) 11 (94); Fritillaria sibthorpiana subsp. sibthorpiana (G) +1 (80); Lavatera punctata (T) +1 (82); Valerianella discoidea (T) 11 (87); Lolium rigidum var. rottbollioides (H) +1 (89); Vicia sativa subsp. nigra var. nigra (H) +1 (83); Lathyrus annuus (T) +1 (82);Geranium columbinum (T) +1 (81); Lotus edulis (T) +1 (81); Lotus edulis (T) +1 (81); Trigonella spicata (T) +1 (81); Melilotus italica (T) +1 (82); Oxalis pes-caprea (T) +1 (82); Aegilops triuncialis subsp. triuncialis (T) +1 (89); Tordylium aegaeum (T) +1 (89); Erodium cicutarium subsp. cicutarium (T) +1 (93); Linum strictum var. strictum (T) +1 (96); Lathyrus cicera (T) +1 (60); Tordylium apulum (T) +1 (87); Erodium malacoides (T) 11 (94); Centuarium erythraea subsp. rumelicum (T) +1 (93); Rapistrum rugosum (T) 21 (94); Catananche lutea (T) +1 (91); Medicago rigidula var. rigidula (T) +1 (91); Anthyllis tet raphylla (T) +1 (93); Daucus carota subsp. majör (H) 11 (94); Polygala monspeliaca (T) +1 (3); Logfia gallica (T) 11 (3); Ophrys blitopertha (G) +1 (61); Ophrys lutea subsp. minör (G) +1 (67); Echium angustifolium (T) +1 (70); Valantia muralis (T) +1 (70); Euphorbia exigua var. exigua (T) +1 (71); Hyoseris scabra (T) +1 (71); Plantago afra (T) +1 (71); Centaurium pulchellum (T) +1 (86); Silene gallica (T) +1 (86); Valerianella orientalis (T) +1 (86); Evax pygmaea (T) +1 (87); Lathyrus setifolius (T) +1 (86); Parentucellia viscosa (T) +1 (86); Tolpis barbata (T) +1 (86); Vicia laxiflora (H) +1 (86); Phleum exaratum subsp. exaratum (T) +1 (89); Centaurium tenuiflorum subsp. acutiflorum (T) +1 (89); Juncus bufonius (H) +1 (89).

Abbreviations: Cal. = calcareous bedrock; Alt. = altitude (m); Incl. = inclination (%); Tree cov. = tree layer cover (%); Shrub cov. = shrub layer cover (%); Herb cov. = herb layer cover (%); Sampling plot area = vegetation sampling plot size (m²). Life-form abbreviations: Th = Therophyte; H = Hemicryptophyte; G = Geophyte; Ch = Chamaephyte; Nan. Ph = Nanophanerophyte. Companion species = accompanying taxa without diagnostic value for the association; Low-frequency taxa = taxa recorded in a limited number of sampling plots.

* = holotypus of the newly described association.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3986/hacq-2026-0010 | Journal eISSN: 1854-9829 | Journal ISSN: 1581-4661

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Language: English, Slovenian

Page range: 199 - 231

Submitted on: Apr 13, 2026

Accepted on: Jul 11, 2026

Published on: Nov 4, 2026

Published by: Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

classification,

Mediterranean vegetation,

Muğla,

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© 2026 Kenan Akbaş, Ömer Varol, published by Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 25 (2026): Issue 2 (December 2026)

Numerical and phytosociological classification of the vegetation of the Bozburun Peninsula (Southwestern Anatolia)

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