The genus Carex (Cyperaceae) in Slovenia

List of Carex taxa recorded in Slovenia and their current status; * according to Roalson et al. (2021), in case of informal groups (clades), the name of the section which the taxon previously belonged to is given; ** according to Villaverde et al. (2020).

No.	Taxon	Status in Slovenia	Section or clade*	Subgenus**
1.	C. acuta L.	very common	Phacocystis	Carex
2.	C. acutiformis Ehrh.	common	Paludosae	Carex
3.	C. alba Scop.	very common	Albae	Carex
4.	C. appropinquata Schumach.	scattered	Appressa Clade (Heleoglochin)	Carex
5.	C. aterrima Hoppe	very rare	Racemosae	Carex
–	subsp. aterrima
6.	C. atrata L.	frequent	Racemosae	Carex
–	subsp. atrata
7.	C. austroalpina Bech.	extremely rare	Flacca Clade (Aulocystis)	Carex
8.	C. bicolor Bellardi ex All.	extremely rare	Paniceae	Carex
9.	C. bohemica Schreb.	scattered	Cyperoideae	Vignea
10.	C. brachystachys Schrank	common	Flacca Clade (Aulocystis)	Carex
11.	C. brizoides L.	very common	Arenaria Clade (Ammoglochin)	Vignea
12.	C. brunnescens (Pers.) Poir.	extremely rare	Glareosae	Vignea
–	subsp. brunnescens
13.	C. buekii Wimm.	rare	Phacocystis	Carex
14.	C. buxbaumii Wahlenb.	very rare	Racemosae	Carex
15.	C. canescens L.	scattered	Glareosae	Vignea
–	subsp. canescens
16.	C. capillaris L.	frequent	Chlorostachyae	Carex
–	subsp. capillaris
17.	C. caryophyllea Latourr.	very common	Mitrata Clade (Mitratae)	Carex
18.	C. cespitosa L.	extremely rare	Phacocystis	Carex
–	var. cespitosa
19.	C. crawfordii Fernald	introduced (extremely rare)	Cyperoideae	Vignea
20.	C. curvula All.	extremely rare	Curvula Clade (Curvulae)	Psyllophora
–	subsp. curvula
21.	C. davalliana Sm.	common	Physoglochin	Vignea
22.	subsp. demissa	frequent	Ceratocystis	Carex
–	C. demissa Hornem.
23.	C. depauperata Curtis ex Woodw.	extremely rare	Flacca Clade (Depauperatae)	Carex
24.	C. diandra Schrank	very rare	Annectens Clade (Heleoglochin)	Vignea
25.	C. digitata L.	very common	Digitatae	Carex
26.	C. dioica L.	extremely rare	Physoglochin	Vignea
27.	C. distans L.	very frequent	Spirostachyae	Carex
–	subsp. distans
28.	C. disticha Huds.	extremely rare	Disticha Clade (Holarrhenae)	Vignea
29.	C. divisa Huds.	very rare	Divisae	Vignea
30.	C. divulsa Stokes	scattered	Phaestoglochin	Vignea
31.	C. chinata Murray	very common	Echinata Clade (Stellulatae)	Vignea
–	subsp. echinata
32.	C. elata All.	very common	Phacocystis	Carex
–	subsp. elata
33.	C. elongata L.	frequent	Echinata Clade (Elongatae)	Vignea
34.	C. extensa Gooden.	very rare	Spirostachyae	Carex
35.	C. ferruginea Scop.	common	Flacca Clade (Aulocystis)	Carex
36.	C. firma Host	very frequent	Flacca Clade (Aulocystis)	Carex
37.	C. flacca Schreb.	very common	Flacca Clade (Thuringiaca)	Carex
–	subsp. flacca
–	subsp. erythrostachys (Hoppe) Holub.	rare
38.	C. flava L.	very common	Ceratocystis	Carex
39.	C. frigida All.	rare	Frigidae	Carex
40.	C. fritschii Waisb.	rare	Acrocystis	Carex
41.	C. fuliginosa Schkuhr	rare	Fuliginosa Clade (Aulocystis)	Carex
42.	C. halleriana Asso	scattered	Hallerianae	Carex
43.	C. hartmaniorum A.Cajander	very rare	Racemosae	Carex
44.	C. hirta L.	very common	Hirta Clade (Carex)	Carex
45.	C. hostiana DC.	common	Ceratocystis	Carex
46.	C. humilis Leyss.	very common	Clandestinae	Carex
–	var. humilis
47.	C. kitaibeliana Degen ex Bech.	extremely rare	Incertae Sedis (Aulocystis)	Carex
–	var. kitaibeliana
48.	C. lasiocapa Ehrh.	scattered	Hirta Clade (Paludosae)	Carex
–	var. lasiocarpa
49.	C. leersii F.W.Schultz	very rare	Phaestoglochin	Vignea
50.	C. lepidocarpa Tausch	common	Ceratocystis	Carex
–	subsp. lepidocarpa
51.	C. leporina L.	very common	Cyperoideae	Vignea
52.	C. limosa L.	rare	Limosae	Carex
53.	C. liparocap>os Gaudin	rare	Liparocarpos Clade (Lamprochlaenae)	Carex
–	subsp. liparocarpos
54.	C. michelii Host	frequent	Rhomboidales	Carex
55.	C. montana L.	very common	Acrocystis	Carex
56.	C. mucronata All.	common	Incertae Sedis (Aulocystis)	Carex
57.	C. muricata L.	common	Phaestoglochin	Vignea
–	subsp. muricata
58.	C. myosuroides Vill.	scattered	Kobresia Clade (Kobresia)	Euthyceras
59.	C. nigra (L.) Reichard	common	Phacocystis	Carex
–	subsp. nigra	very rare
–	subsp. juncea (Fr.) Soó
60.	C. oederi Retz. var. oederi	common	Ceratocystis	Carex
61.	C. ornithopoda Willd.	very common	Digitatae	Carex
–	subsp. ornithopoda
–	subsp. ornithopodioides (Hausm.) Nyman scattered
62.	C. otrubae Podp.	common	Phaestoglochin	Vignea
63.	C. pallescens L.	very common	Castanea Clade (Porocystis)	Carex
64.	C. panicea L.	very common	Paniceae	Carex
65.	C. paniculata L.	common	Paniculata Clade (Heleoglochin)	Vignea
–	subsp. paniculata
66.	C. parviflora Host	scattered	Racemosae	Carex
67.	C. pauciflora Lightf.	rare	Pauciflora Clade (Leucoglochin)	Euthyceras
68.	C. pendula Huds.	very common	Rhynchocystis	Carex
69.	C. pilosa Scop.	very common	Paniceae	Carex
70.	C. pilulifera L.	very common	Acrocystis	Carex
–	subsp. pilulifera
71.	C. praecox Schreb.	scattered	Arenaria Clade (Ammoglochin)	Vignea
72.	C. pseudocyperus L.	scattered	Hirta Clade (Vesicaria e)	Carex
–	var. pseudocyperus
73.	C. pulicaris L.	frequent	Psyllophorae	Psyllophora
74.	C. punctata Gaudin	scattered	Spirostachyae	Carex
–	var. punctata
75.	C. randalpina B.Walln.	frequent	Phacocystis	Carex
76.	C. remota L.	very common	Arenaria Clade (Remotae)	Carex
–	subsp. remota
77.	C. riparia Curtis	very frequent	Hirta Clade (Paludosae)	Carex
78.	C. rostrata Stokes	common	Hirta Clade (Vesicariae)	Carex
–	var. rostrata
79.	C. rupestris All.	scattered	Capitata Clade (Petraeae)	Euthyceras
–	subsp. rupestris
80.	C. empervirens Vill.	very frequent	Flacca Clade (Aulocystis)	Carex
–	subsp. sempervirens
81.	C. picata Huds.	very common	Phaestoglochin	Vignea
–	subsp. spicata
82.	C. strigosa Huds.	rare	Strigosae	Carex
83.	C. ylvatica Huds.	very common	Sylvaticae	Carex
–	subsp. sylvatica
84.	C. tomentosa L.	very common	Tomentosa Clade (Acrocystis)	Carex
85.	C. umbrosa Host	very frequent	Incertae Sedis (Mitratae)	Carex
–	subsp. umbrosa
86.	C. vesicaria L.	very common	Hirta Clade (Vesicariae)	Carex
87.	C. vulpina L.	very frequent	Phaestoglochin	Carex
88.	C. vulpinoidea Michx.	introduced (extremely raire)	Annectens Clade (Multiflorae)	Vignea

1 Explanation: 1. extremely rare: 1–2 quadrants, 2. very rare: 3–6 quadrants, 3. rare: 7–10 quadrants, 4. scattered: 11–40 quadrants, 5. frequent: 41–70 quadrants, 6. very frequent: 71–100 quadrants, 8. common: 101–150 quadrants, 9. very common: more than 150 quadrants.

Table 2:

List of Carex hybrid recorded in Slovenia and their current status.

No.	Hybrid	Parental species	Status in Slovenia
1.	C. × alsatica Zahn	C. demissa × C. flava	scattered
2.	C. × auroniensis L.C.Lamb.	C. acuta × C. acutiformis	very rare
3.	C. × elytroides Fr.	C. acuta × C. nigra	very rare
4.	C. × fulva Gooden.	C. demissa × C. hostiana	scattered
5.	C. × involuta (Bab.) Syme	C. rostrata × C. vesicaria	very rare
6.	C. × leutzii Kneuck.	C. hostiana × C. lepidocarpa	frequent
7.	C. × muelleriana F.W.Schultz	C. distans × C. hostiana	extremely rare
8.	C. × oberrodensis B.Walln.	C. elata × C. randalpina	very rare
9.	C. × oenensis A.Neumann ex B.Walln.	C. acuta × C. randalpina	very rare
10.	C. × ohmuelleriana O.Lang	C. brizoides × C. remota	extremely rare
11.	C. × pauliana F.W.Schultz	C. hostiana × C. oederi	very rare
12.	C. × prolixa Fr.	C. acuta × C. elata	extremely rare
13.	C. × pseudoaxillaris K.Richt.	C. otrubae × C. remota	extremely rare
14.	C. × rotae De Not.	C. appropinquata × C. paniculata	extremely rare
15.	C. × ruedtii Kneuck.	C. flava × C. lepidocarpa	rare
16.	C. × schatzii Kneuck.	C. lepidocarpa × C. oederi	rare
17.	C. × strictiformis Kneuck.	C. cespitosa × C. elata	extremely rare
18.	C. × subviridula Fernald	C. flava × C. oederi	very rare
19.	C. × turfosa Fr.	C. elata × C. nigra	extremely rare
20.	C. × xanthocarpa Degl.	C. flava × C. hostiana	frequent

1 Explanation: 1. extremely rare: 1–2 quadrants, 2. very rare: 3–5 quadrants, 3. rare: 6–10 quadrants, 4. scattered: 11–40 quadrants, 5. frequent: 41–70 quadrants.

A. *Carex cespitosa,* Radensko polje, 02.06.2022
B. *C. depauperata,* Dolenji Radenci, 01.06.2022
C. *C. diandra,* Ljubljana Marshes, 26.05.2022
D. *C. dioica,* Rakitna, 21.06.2021
E. *C. disticha,* Planina lake, 01.06.2023
F. *C. flacca* subsp. *erythrostachys*, Črni Kal, 27.04.2022
G. *C. hartmaniroum,* Planina lake, 01.06.2023
H. *C. nigra* subsp. *juncea*, Kranjska Gora, 31.05.2022
Photos: J. M. Kocjan

A. *Carex × auroniensis*, Ljubljana, 15.05.2021
B. *C. × muelleriana,* Ljubljana Marshes, NR Iški morost, 27.06.2021
C. C. × *oberrodensis*, Grosuplje, 02.06.2021
D. C. × *ruedtii*, Ljubljana Marshes, 03.07.2021
E. C. × *subviridula*, Nemški Rovt, 12.06.2022
Photos: J.M. Kocjan

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3986/hacq-2025-0028 | Journal eISSN: 1854-9829 | Journal ISSN: 1581-4661

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Language: English, Slovenian

Page range: 119 - 170

Submitted on: May 27, 2025

Accepted on: Dec 9, 2025

Published on: Jun 3, 2026

Published by: Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

hybrid,

sedges,

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© 2026 Janez Mihael Kocjan, Branko Vreš, Dijana Kosič Kocjan, Helena Więcław, Jacob Koopman, published by Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 25 (2026): Issue 1 (June 2026)

The genus Carex (Cyperaceae) in Slovenia

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