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Diversity and botanical characterization of polyfloral honey from Bosnia and Herzegovina Cover

Diversity and botanical characterization of polyfloral honey from Bosnia and Herzegovina

Hacquetia
Volume 25 (2026): Issue 1 (June 2026)
By: ,  ,   and    
Open Access
|Jun 2026
Figures & tables

Figures & Tables

Figure 1:

Geographical distribution of analyzed honey samples.

1—Ustiprača, Radič, 2—Romanija, 3—Bihać, 4—Prijedor, Petrov gaj, 5—Nevesinje, 6—Bosanska Krupa, 7—Gradačac, 8—Majevica, 9-Zavidovići, 10-Srebrenica, Osmanovići, 11—Breza, 12—Bosanski Kobas, 13—Trebinje, Bobani, 14—Brezići, 15—Rogatica, 16—Livno, 17—Bosanska Krupa, 18—Bosanski brod, Zborista, 19— Buturović polje, 20—Goražde, 21—Sanski most, 22—Bosanski Dubačac, 23—Ključ, 24—Ustikolina, 25—Brčko, 26—Trnovo, 27—Derventa, 28—Rudo, 29—Jajce, 30—Ilijas, 31—Čapljina, 32-Maglaj, 33-Tesanj, 34-Mostar, 35—Hrasno, 36—Goražde, 37—Travnik, Goles, 38—Goražde, 39-Gračanica, 40-Vlasić, Suho polje, 41-Bjelasnica, Dejčići, 42-Vares, 43-Konjic, 44-Rogatica, 45-Livno, 46—Romanija, 47—Trebinje, Zubci, 48-Olovo, 49-Kladanj, 50-Crvanj

Figure 2:

Families with a percentage share of pollen grains above 0.5% in the total sample.

Table 1:

Melisopalynological characterization in analyzed profiles of honey samples and values of diversity and evenness indices.

LocationH’J’nHoney plants and proportion of their pollen types in bracket Dominant species in black (≥45%); accessory (from ≥15% to <45%) in red; important in blue (from ≥3% to <15%) and minor (<3%) in green (Louveaux et al., 1978; Villalpando-Aguilar et al., 2022)
Ustiprača, Radič2.000.919Prunus sp. (25.33%); Robinia pseudoacacia L. (18%); Castanea sativa Mill. (14%); Fabaceae (12.33%); Poa sp. (11%); Asteraceae (6.67%); Tilia sp. (5.67%); Trifolium repens L. (5.67%); Artemisia sp. (1.33%)
Romanija2.071.008Fabaceae (14.33%); Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull (14%); Poa sp. (14%); Prunus sp. (13.33%); Apiaceae (12.33%); Asteraceae (10.67%); Robinia pseudoacacia L. (10.67%); Plantago sp. (10.67%)
Bihać2.130.8911Cichorium intybus L. (33.67%); Poa sp. (9.67%); Plantago sp. (9%); Trifolium repens L. (7.33%); Asteraceae (7.33%); Lotus corniculatus L. (6.67%); Fabaceae (6.67%); Apiaceae (6.67%); Prunus sp. (6%); Tilia sp. (5%); Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (2%)
Prijedor, Petrov gaj2.490.9713Robinia pseudoacacia L. (15.67%); Poa sp. (11%); Cichorium intybus L. (9.67%); Bellis perennis L. (9.33%); Prunus sp. (8%); Rosaceae (7.33%); Plantago sp. (7.33%); Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg. (6.67%); Fraxinus ornus L. (6.33%); Asteraceae (6%); Rumex sp. (5.67%); Apiaceae (4%); Tilia sp. (3.01%)
Nevesinje2.300.9013Trifolium pratense L. (22.33%); Cichorium intybus L. (14.33%); Prunus sp. (12.67%); Poa sp. (10.67%); Lamium sp. (8.67%); Brassicaceae (8%); Onobrychis sp. (5%); Rumex sp. (5%); Myosotis sp. (4.33%); Tilia sp. (3.33%); Plantago sp. (2.67%); Plantago sp. (2%); Pinaceae (1.67%); Artemisia sp. (1.33%)
Bosanska Krupa1.890.918Poa sp. (31.33%); Tilia sp. (20%); Cichorium intybus L. (10.33%); Prunus sp. (10%); Lamium sp. (9.67%); Lathyrus sp. (7.33%); Asteraceae (7%); Plantago sp. (4.33%)
Gradačac2.360.9512Poa sp. (15%); Tilia sp. (14%); Robinia pseudoacacia L. (13.33%); Plantago sp. (10.33%); Potentilla sp. (9.67%); Bellis perennis L. (8.33%); Brassicaceae (6.33%); Rumex sp. (6%); Prunus sp. (5.33%); Fraxinus ornus L. (5.33%); Apiaceae (5%); Cirsium sp. (1.33%)
Majevica2.500.9713Tilia sp. (13.33%); Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg. (11.67%); Asteraceae (10.67%); Trifolium repens L. (9%); Lathyrus sp. (8.67%); Trifolium pratense L. (7.33%); Robinia pseudoacacia L. (7%); Potentilla sp. (7%); Plantago sp. (6.33%); Brassicaceae (6.33%); Echium vulgare L. (5%); Chenopodium sp. (4%); Lamium sp. (3.67%)
Zavidovići2.280.9511Robinia pseudoacacia L. (19.33%); Plantago sp. (12%); Tilia sp. (11.67%); Poa sp. (11%); Prunus sp. (10.33%); Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg. (8.33%); Asteraceae (7.67%); Potentilla sp. (7%); Rumex sp. (6.33%); Lathyrus sp. (4.33%); Pinaceae (2%)
Srebrenica, Osmanovići2.270.9112Brassicaceae (20%); Tilia sp. (15%); Asteraceae (13%); Poa sp. (11%); Plantago sp. (10.67%); Trifolium pratense L. (8.33%); Malva sp. (7.33%); Fraxinus ornus L. (4%); Artemisia (3.33%); Cirsium sp. (2.67%); Lamiaceae (2.33%); Chenopodium sp. (2.33%)
Breza, Bukovik2.020.8411Sanguisorba minor Scop. (33.33%); Robinia pseudoacacia L. (15.67%); Prunus sp. (15%); Plantago sp. (7.67%); Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg. (7.33%); Poa sp. (5%); Rubus sp. (5%); Rumex sp. (3.33%); Asteraceae (3.33%); Pinaceae (2.33%); Apiaceae (2%)
Bosanski Kobaš1.920.8410Potentilla sp. (36%); Tilia sp. (14.33%); Prunus sp. (11.67%); Cichorium intybus L. (11.33%); Lotus corniculatus L. (9.33%); Zea mays L. (6%); Pinaceae (5.33%); Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg. (2.67%); Rubus sp. (1.67%); Lamium sp. (1.67%)
Trebinje, Bobani2.170.9111Ericaceae (19.33%); Fabaceae (16.67%); Cichorium intybus L. (12.67%); Lathyrus sp. (12.67%); Apiaceae (9%); Lamiaceae (9%); Plantago sp. (8.33%); Lotus corniculatus L. (7%); Lamium sp. (2.67%); Salvia officinalis L. (2%); Gallium sp. (0.67%)
Brezići1.940.899Ericaceae (31.67%); Prunus sp. (15.33%); Brassicaceae (15%); Trifolium pratense L. (11.67%); Poa sp. (7.33%); Lamiaceae (5.67%); Fraxinus ornus L. (5.67%); Cornus mas L. (5.67%); Pinaceae (2%)
Rogatica2.360.9512Rumex sp. (18.67%); Prunus sp. (10.33%); Poa sp. (10%); Bellisperennis L. (9.67%); Lamium sp. (9%); Lotus corniculatus L. (8.33%); Trifoliumpratense L. (8.33%); Brassicaceae (7.33%); Plantago sp. (7%); Artemisia sp. (6%); Apiaceae (2.33%); Asteraceae (1.67%)
Livno1.820.888Lotus corniculatus L. (27.33%); Gallium sp. (22.67%); Poa sp. (20%); Cichorium intybus L. (11.67%); Apiaceae (6.67%); Juglans regia L. (5%); Brassicaceae (3.33%); Rumex sp. (3.33%)
Bosanska krupa2.000.968Tilia sp. (24%); Castanea sativa Mill. (16%); Potentilla sp. (13.33%); Poa sp. (11.67%); Sanguisorba minor Scop (11%); Bellis perennis L. (10.67%); Plantago sp. (6.67%); Prunus sp. (6.67%)
Bosanski brod, Zborišta1.850.849Potentilla sp. (40.33%); Prunus sp. (15.67%); Poa sp. (8.67%); Tilia sp. (8.33%); Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg. (8%); Lathyrus sp. (6.67%); Plantago sp. (5%); Apiaceae (4%); Zea mays L. (3.33%)
Buturović polje1.840.898Potentilla sp. (34.67%); Castanea sativa Mill. (20%); Lathyrus sp. (10.67%); Tilia sp. (9%); Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg. (8.33%); Poa sp. (7.33%); Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull (6%); Lamiaceae (4%)
Goražde1.710.789Trifolium repens L. (38.33%); Lotus corniculatus L. (26%); Plantago sp. (11.67%); Bellis perennis L. (7.67%); Trifolium pratense L. (5%); Lamiaceae (4.67%); Artemisia sp. (3.33%); Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg (1.67%); Chenopodium sp. (1.67%)
Sanski most2.191.009Prunus sp. (14%); Trifolium repens L. (12.67%); Lotus corniculatus L. (12.67%); Lamium sp. (11%); Plantago sp. (11%); Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg (10%); Tilia sp. (10%); Zea mays (9.67%); Asteraceae (9%)
Bosanski dubačac2.500.9514Lotus corniculatus L. (13%); Tilia sp. (12.33%); Poa sp. (12%); Bellis perennis L. (10.33%); Prunus sp. (10.33%); Lamium sp. (7%); Trifolium pratense L. (6.33%); Potentilla sp. (6%); Plantago sp. (6%); Gallium sp. (5.33%); Artemisia sp. (3.67%); Zea mays L. (3%); Onobrychis sp. (3%); Ranunculus sp. (1.67%)
Ključ1.870.908Cichorium intybus L. (36.67%); Poa sp. (12.67%); Lotus corniculatus L. (11%); Onobrychis sp. (9%); Prunus sp. (8.67%); Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg. (8.33%); Trifolium repens L. (7%); Tilia sp. (6.67%)
Ustikolina, Goražde2.210.9610Prunus sp. (21.11%); Rubus sp. (14.33%); Potentilla sp. (11.33%); Fraxinus ornus L. (11.33%); Poa sp. (9.67%); Sanguisorba minor Scop (7.67%); Carpinus sp. (6.33%); Asteraceae (6.33%); Cupressaceae (6%); Rumex sp (5.67%)
Brčko1.970.909Prunus sp. (29.33%); Trifolium pratense L. (19.33%); Lotus corniculatus L. (10.33%); Echium vulgare L. (9.67%); Rumex sp. (9.33%); Asteraceae (9.33%); Poa sp. (5.67%); Plantago sp. (4.67%); Ranunculus sp. (2.33%)
Trnovo, Sarajevo2.110.9210Asteraceae (29.67%); Echium vulgare L. (9.67%); Lotus corniculatus L. (8.67%); Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg. (8.67%); Tilia sp. (7%); Poa sp. (7.33%); Artemisia sp. (7.67%); Prunus sp. (12.33%); Potentilla sp. (6.33%); Zea mays L. (2.67%)
Derventa1.940.938Robinia pseudoacacia L. (19.33%); Asteraceae (19.33%); Potentilla sp. (18.67%); Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg (13.33%); Trifolium pratense L. (12.67%); Prunus sp. (7.67%); Plantago sp. (6.67%); Zea mays L. (2.33%)
Rudo2.410.9712Lotus corniculatus L. (15%); Onobrychis sp. (12.67%); Plantago sp. (11.33%); Ericaceae (9.33%); Trifolium pratense L. (9.33%); Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg. (8.33%); Chenopodium sp. (8%); Poa sp. (6.67%); Lamiaceae (6%); Lamium sp. (5%); Trifolium repens L. (5%); Asteraceae (3.33%)
Jajce2.500.9713Tilia sp. (12%); Plantago sp. (11%); Asteraceae (10%); Poa sp. (9.33%); Brassicaceae (9%); Prunus sp. (9%); Sanguisorba minor Scop (7.67%); Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg. (7.67%); Castanea sativa Mill. (6.33%); Lotus corniculatus L. (6.33%); Potentilla sp. (5.67%); Bellis perennis L. (3.33%); Zea mays L. (2.67%)
Ilijas, Sarajevo1.970.909Prunus sp. (25%); Fraxinus ornus L. (19%); Sanguisorba minor Scop (16.67%); Potentilla sp. (13.33%); Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg. (9.33%); Zea mays L. (6%); Robinia pseudoacacia L. (4.67%); Brassicaceae (4%); Fagus sp. (2%)
Čapljina1.770.858Asteraceae (32.33%); Lamiaceae (22.67%); Rosaceae (15%); Poa sp. (10.67%); Fabaceae (10%); Apiaceae (4.67%); Satureja sp. (3.67%); Salvia officinalis L. (1%)
Maglaj2.010.978Poa sp. (19.33%); Robinia pseudoacacia L. (19.33%); Plantago sp. (14.33%); Trifolium pratense L. (13.33%); Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg. (11.33%); Fagus sp. (7.67%); Asteraceae (7.67%); Tilia sp. (7%)
Tešanj1.770.858Oleaceae (36.67%); Ericaceae (19%); Prunus sp. (13.33%); Fraxinus ornus L. (12%); Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg. (7.67%); Bellis perennis L. (5%); Poa sp. (3.33%); Caryophyllaceae (3%)
Mostar2.310.9013Prunus sp. (20%); Oleaceae (19%); Fraxinus ornus L. (13.33%); Lotus corniculatus L. (8.33%); Cupressaceae (7%); Lamiaceae (6.67%); Brassicaceae (5%); Trifolium pratense L. (5%); Onobrychis sp. (5%); Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg. (3.33%); Lathyrus sp. (3.33%); Carpinus sp. (2.67%); Potentilla sp. (1.33%)
Hrasno2.080.959Castanea sativa Mill. (23.33%); Fraxinus ornus L. (13.67%); Trifolium pratense L. (13%); Poa sp. (12.67%); Lathyrus sp. (11%); Plantago sp. (10%); Lotus corniculatus L. (7%); Rosaceae (5%); Apiaceae (4.33%)
Goražde2.240.9411Lathyrus sp. (24.67%); Trifolium repens L. (13.67%); Prunus sp. (9.67%); Lotus corniculatus L. (9.33%); Poa sp. (9.33%); Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg. (7.67%); Onobrychis sp. (6%); Trifolium pratense L. (5.67%); Fraxinus ornus L. (5%); Lamium sp. (5%); Pinaceae (4%)
Travnik, Goleš2.250.9411Prunus sp. (21%); Trifolium repens L. (16.33%); rifolium pratense L. (11.67%); Castanea sativa Mill. (9%); Asteraceae (8.33%); Fraxinus ornus L. (8%); Lathyrus sp. (7%); Lamium sp. (7%); Artemisia sp. (4.33%); Gallium sp. (4%); Poa sp. (3.33%)
Goražde2.310.9312Trifolium repens L. (15.33%); Lotus corniculatus L. (15%); Poa sp. (14%); Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg. (11%); Trifolium pratense L. (10%); Rumex sp. (9.33%); Pinaceae (8.67%); Gallium sp. (4.67%); Apiaceae (4%); Cichorium intybus L. (3.33%); Bellis perennis L. (3%); Onobrychis sp. (1.67%)
Gračanica2.020.8810Poa sp. (26.33%); Tilia sp. (24%); Plantago sp. (11.33%); Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg. (11%); Asteraceae (6%); Rumex sp. (6%); Gallium sp. (5.33%); Prunus sp. (4%); Lotus corniculatus L. (3.67%); Trifolium repens L. (2.33%)
Vlašić, Suho polje2.020.929Lotus corniculatus L. (25.67%); Prunus sp. (14.33%); Trifolium repens L. (13.33%); Potentilla sp. (12.67%); Plantago sp. (12%); Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg. (11%); Poa sp. (4%); Gallium sp. (3.67%); Trifolium pratense L. (3.33%)
Bjelašnica, Dejčići2.520.9813Poa sp. (12%); Onobrychis sp. (10.67%); Allium sp. (9.33%); Lotus corniculatus L. (8.67%); Trifolium repens L. (8.33%); Lamium sp. (8%); Trifolium pratense L. (7.67%); Lamiaceae (7%); Rumex sp. (7%); Bellis perennis L. (7%); Prunus sp. (6.67%); Gallium sp. (4.33%); Apiaceae (3.33%)
Vareš2.460.9314Apiaceae (15%); Trifolium repens L. (15%); Fraxinus ornus L. (11.67%); Poa sp. (11%); Lathyrus sp. (7.33%); Prunus sp. (7.33%); Lotus corniculatus L. (7%); Fagus sp. (5.67%); Onobrychis sp. (5%); Lamiaceae (4.67%); Bellis perennis L. (3.67%); Tilia sp. (2.33%); Malva sp. (2.33%); Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg. (2%)
Konjic2.290.9212Trifolium pratense L. (23.33%); Castanea sativa Mill. (12.67%); Fagus sp. (10.67%); Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg. (10%); Poa sp. (9.33%); Lathyrus sp. (8.33%); Bellis perennis L. (6.33%); Prunus sp. (6%); Juglans regia L. (4.33%); Onobrychis sp. (3%); Caryophyllaceae (3%); Rumex sp. (3%)
Rogatica2.250.9411Potentilla sp. (21.33%); Bellisperennis L. (15%); Brassicaceae (10.67%); Artemisia sp. (9.33%); Poa sp. (8.67%); Apiaceae (8%); Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg. (7.33%); Helianthus annuus L. (6.67%); Zea mays L. (5.67%); Plantago sp. (5.67%); Malva sp. (1.67%)
Livno2.380.8616Fabaceae (34.33%); Lotus corniculatus L. (9.33%); Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg. (6%); Poa sp. (5%); Rumex sp. (5%); Lathyrus sp. (4.67%); Bellisperennis L. (4.67%); Echium vulgare L. (4.33%); Poa sp. (4.33%); Carpinus sp. (4%); Cichorium intybus L. (4%); Malva sp. (4%); Trifolium repens L. (4%); Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (3.67%); Boraginaceae (3.33%); Asteraceae (2.67%); Chenopodium sp. (1.67%)
Romanija2.720.9617Trifolium repens L. (13.33%); Potentilla sp. (13%); Lotus corniculatus L. (8.33%); Lamium sp. (6.67%); Plantago sp. (6.67%); Poa sp. (6%); Echium vulgare L. (5.67%); Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg. (5.33%); Lathyrus sp. (5%); Malva sp. (4.67%); Cirsium sp. (4.67%); Asteraceae (4%); Gallium sp. (3.67%); Ranunculs sp. (3.33%); Apiaceae (3.33%); Prunus sp. (3.33%); Lamiaceae (3%)
Trebinje, Zubci2.120.8811Oleaceae (25%); Prunus sp. (16.67%); Lotus corniculatus L. (14.33%); Trifolium repens L. (13.67%); Lamiaceae (7.33%); Brassicaceae (6.33%); Apiaceae (4.67%); Juglans regia L. (4%); Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg. (3.67%); Gallium sp. (2.33%); Malva sp. (2%)
Olovo1.850.849Poa sp. (33.33%); Lathyrus sp. (22.33%); Trifolium repens L. (14.67%); Asteraceae (10%); Plantago sp. (4.67%); Potentilla sp. (4.33%); Lamiaceae (4%); Caryophyllaceae (3.33%); Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg. (3.33%)
Kladanj1.750.7012Ericaceae (41.67%); Prunus sp. (25.67%); Fraxinus ornus L. (10%); Asteraceae (4.67%); Apiaceae (4%); Poa sp. (3.67%); Tilia sp. (3%); Pinaceae (2.67%); Plantago sp. (1.33%); Chenopodium sp. (1.33%); Gallium sp. (1%); Lotus corniculatus L. (1%)
Crvanj1.650.926Rosaceae (28%); Castanea sativa Mill. (22.33%); Trifolium repens L. (19.67%); Prunus sp. (17.33%); Lamiaceae (9.67%); Poa sp. (3%)

1 H’-Shannon-Weaver index, J’-Shannon uniformity index, n-number of species in the sample

Figure 3:

The top 15 most abundant taxa identified in all analyzed samples (for each taxon, minimal, maximal and mean values are presented along with the total number of pollen grains in parentheses. Standard deviations at the top of each bar).

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3986/hacq-2025-0023 | Journal eISSN: 1854-9829 | Journal ISSN: 1581-4661
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English, Slovenian
Page range: 13 - 23
Submitted on: Jan 18, 2025
Accepted on: Aug 6, 2025
Published on: Jun 3, 2026
Published by: Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
Melisopalynology,
pollen,
Shannon-Weaver,
Shannon uniformity index
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Life sciences, other

© 2026 Velida Bakić, Sabina Trakić, Samir Đug, Edina Muratović, published by Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 25 (2026): Issue 1 (June 2026)
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