Plant biodiversity of Rosa damascena fields from Bulgaria’s Rose Valley

Nikolay Velev; Iva Apostolova; Magdalena Valcheva

doi:10.3986/hacq-2025-0002

Figures & Tables

The region of studied localities embraced in a circle, near the city of Kazanlak. Slika 1: Območje preučevanih nahajališč, v bližini mesta Kazanlak je označeno s krogom.

Rose hedges separated by 2 m distance from each other with two different management types applied in the inter-rows: a) mowing, and b) ploughing. Slika 2: Vmesni pasovi med nasadi vrtnic s širino 2 m in z dvema različnima načinoma upravljanja: a) košnja in b) oranje.

DCA graph of the plots recorded under different management types. Total variance (“inertia”) in the species data: 5.1139. Gradient length of Axis 1: 4.208; Gradient length of Axis 2: 3.299. Variables Total cover, No. of species and Beta diversity are passively projected onto the ordination space. Slika 3: DCA diagram ploskev, popisanih pri različnih načinih upravljanja. Skupna varianca (“inercija”) v podatkih o vrstah: 5,1139. Dolžina gradienta na osi 1: 4,208; dolžina gradienta na osi 2: 3,299. Spremenljivke skupna pokrovnost, število vrst in beta raznolikost, so pasivno projicirane na ordinacijski prostor.

j_hacq-2025-0002_tab_003

Group №	3		4

Number of relevés	12		12
Agriculture type	Conventional		Organic
Fidelity / Constancy	phi	%	phi	%
Geranium rotundifolium	84.5	83	---	0
Taraxacum sp.	84.5	100	---	17
Hordeum murinum	83.3	92	---	8
Galinsoga parviflora	70.7	67	---	0
Poa annua	70.7	67	---	0
Atriplex sp.	57.7	50	---	0
Malva sylvestris	53	58	---	8
Papaver rhoeas	51.3	42	---	0
Mentha longifolia	51.3	42	---	0
Bromus arvensis	38.5	42	---	8
Poa sylvicola	37.8	25	---	0
Rumex acetosa	37.8	25	---	0
Bromus sterilis	35.4	50	---	17
Stellaria media	30.8	33	---	8
Convolvulus arvensis	30.8	92	---	67
Geranium molle	30.8	33	---	8
Dactylis glomerata	30.2	17	---	0
Persicaria lapathifolia	30.2	17	---	0
Plantago major	30.2	17	---	0
Apera spica-venti	30.2	17	---	0
Cirsium arvense	30.2	17	---	0
Urtica dioica	30.2	17	---	0
Potentilla argentea	---	0	84.5	83
Achillea millefolium	---	8	83.3	92
Cichorium intybus	---	0	77.5	75
Salvia nemorosa	---	0	77.5	75
Cynodon dactylon	---	0	70.7	67
Trifolium campestre	---	0	64.2	58
Dasypyrum villosum	---	0	64.2	58
Trifolium scabrum	---	0	57.7	50
Potentilla recta gr.	---	0	57.7	50
Berteroa incana	---	0	51.3	42
Verbena officinalis	---	25	50	75
Arenaria leptoclados	---	0	44.7	33
Orlaya grandiflora	---	0	44.7	33
Erodium cicutarium	---	0	44.7	33
Plantago lanceolata	---	42	43	83
Vicia grandiflora	---	8	38.5	42
Chondrilla juncea	---	0	37.8	25
Bromus tectorum	---	0	37.8	25
Vulpia myuros	---	0	37.8	25
Leontodon autumnalis	---	0	37.8	25
Medicago minima	---	25	33.8	58
Viola arvensis	---	8	30.8	33
Trifolium angustifolium	---	0	30.2	17
Erigeron annuus	---	0	30.2	17
Hypericum perforatum	---	0	30.2	17
Ajuga reptans	---	0	30.2	17
Sanguisorba minor	---	0	30.2	17
Cynosurus echinatus	---	0	30.2	17
Centaurea solstitialis	---	0	30.2	17
Crepis foetida	---	0	30.2	17
Phleum phleoides	---	0	30.2	17
Cerastium dubium	---	0	30.2	17
Elymus repens	---	8	22.4	25
Veronica arvensis	---	8	22.4	25
Agrimonia eupatoria	---	0	20.9	8
Leucanthemum vulgare	---	0	20.9	8
Scleranthus neglectus	---	0	20.9	8
Legousia speculum-veneris	---	0	20.9	8
Poa compressa	---	0	20.9	8
Sherardia arvensis	---	0	20.9	8
Clinopodium vulgare	---	0	20.9	8
Herniaria incana	---	0	20.9	8
Holcus lanatus	---	0	20.9	8
Cynosurus cristatus	---	0	20.9	8
Poa trivialis	---	0	20.9	8
Veronica officinalis	---	0	20.9	8
Medicago marina	---	0	20.9	8
Vicia cracca	---	0	20.9	8
Trifolium arvense	---	0	20.9	8
Origanum vulgare	---	0	20.9	8
Lathyrus aphaca	---	0	20.9	8
Bromus mollis	---	0	20.9	8
Cuscuta campestris	---	0	20.9	8
Tragopogon dubius	---	0	20.9	8
Centaurea cyanus	---	0	20.9	8
Viola tricolor	---	8	12.6	17
Rumex acetosella	---	8	12.6	17
Rumex patientia	25.1	58	---	33
Malva pusilla	20.9	8	---	0
Artemisia alba	20.9	8	---	0
Prunella vulgaris	20.9	8	---	0
Lamium purpureum	20.9	8	---	0
Anchusa officinalis	20.9	8	---	0
Festuca valesiaca	20.9	8	---	0
Amaranthus hybridus	20.9	8	---	0
Carthamus lanatus	20.9	8	---	0
Poa angustifolia	20.9	8	---	0
Melilotus officinalis	20.9	8	---	0
Sonchus oleraceus	17.7	42	---	25
Lactuca serriola	16.9	50	---	33
Veronica polita	16.9	67	---	50
Conyza canadensis	12.6	17	---	8
Anagallis arvensis	12.6	17	---	8
Capsella bursa-pastoris	12.6	17	---	8
Veronica verna	10.3	25	---	17
Trifolium repens	8.4	58	---	50
Lolium perenne	---	92	---	92
Veronica chamaedrys	---	17	---	17
Crepis biennis	---	8	---	8
Bilderdykia convolvulus	---	50	---	50

j_hacq-2025-0002_tab_002

Group №	1		2

Number of relevés	10		10
Management type	Ploughed		Mowed
Fidelity / Constancy	phi	%	phi	%
Amaranthus hybridus	90.5	90	---	0
Anthemis ruthenica	57.7	20	---	0
Sinapis arvensis	50	100	---	90
Cirsium arvense	33.3	60	---	70
Cardaria draba	33.3	60	---	40
Galium aparine	---	80	73.4	70
Chamomilla recutita	---	70	57.7	50
Cynodon dactylon	---	90	57.7	80
Viola arvensis	---	70	52.4	80
Elymus repens	---	70	50	80
Stellaria media	---	20	50	0
Daucus carota	---	10	50	0
Geranium dissectum	---	10	43.6	0
Cerastium dubium	---	10	42	0
Orlaya grandiflora	---	10	42	0
Arenaria serpyllifolia	---	10	42	0
Cichorium intybus	---	10	42	0
Lactuca serriola	---	10	42	30
Veronica hederifolia	---	50	34.6	0
Senecio vernalis	---	10	34.6	40
Pimpinella sp.	---	40	33.3	30
Ranunculus sardous	---	40	33.3	0
Lathyrus latifolius	---	10	33.3	10
Hordeum murinum	---	10	33.3	40
Linaria genistifolia	---	10	33.3	10
Papaver rhoeas	---	10	33.3	0
Myosotis arvensis	---	10	33.3	60
Rumex acetosella	---	10	33.3	10
Leontodon hispidus	---	10	33.3	0
Plantago major	---	10	33.3	0
Legousia speculum-veneris	---	10	33.3	50
Rumex crispus	---	0	25	10
Cuscuta europaea	---	0	22.9	10
Taraxacum sp.	---	0	22.9	10
Rumex cristatus	---	0	22.9	50
Ranunculus arvensis	---	0	22.9	20
Onopordum acanthium	---	0	22.9	40
Rorippa sp.	---	0	22.9	20
Capsella bursa-pastoris	---	0	22.9	70
Cirsium vulgare	---	0	22.9	20
Medicago minima	---	0	22.9	10
Chondrilla juncea	---	0	22.9	20
Torilis arvensis	---	0	22.9	30
Medicago sativa	---	0	22.9	10
Convolvulus arvensis	---	0	11.5	20
Polygonum aviculare	---	0	11.5	20
Lamium amplexicaule	---	0	10.5	10
Amaranthus hybridus	22.9	0	---	30
Chenopodium album	22.9	0	---	30
Sonchus oleraceus	22.9	0	---	10
Sisymbrium loeselii	22.9	0	---	40
Lolium perenne	22.9	0	---	20
Buglossoides arvensis	22.9	0	---	20
Centaurea solstitialis	22.9	0	---	20
Convolvulus arvensis	22.9	0	---	10
Cardaria draba	22.9	0	---	10
Fumaria rostellata	22.9	0	---	10
Lolium perenne	20.4	0	---	10
Fumaria rostellata	20	0	---	20
Bilderdykia convolvulus	14	0	---	10
Bromus sterilis	11.5	0	---	20
Xanthium italicum	10.5	0	---	40
Malva sylvestris	---	0	---	50
Raphanus raphanistrum	---	0	---	30
Erodium cicutarium	---	0	---	30

Vegetation parameters and results from Shannon-Wiener Index and Beta diversity from the studied rose fields_ Recording of data was performed in two different localities within the research area_Tabela 1: Vegetacijski parametri, Shannon-Wienerjev indeks in beta raznolikost preučevanih polj vrtnic_ Pridobivanje podatkov je potekalo na dveh različnih lokacijah znotraj raziskovanega območja_

Group no.	Agriculture type	Management type	Total species number	Average number of species	Average total cover	Average Shannon-Wiener Index	Average Whittaker Beta diversity
Recorded in 2023
1	Conventional [n=10]	Ploughed	31	10.3	52.5	1.3317	2.0097
2	Conventional [n=10]	Mowed	51	16.2	68.5	1.5185	2.1481

Recorded in 2019
3	Conventional [n=12]	Mowed	55	17.5	94.25	1.4421	2.1429
4	Organic [n=12]	Mowed	78	21.08	82.08	1.7098	2.6996

Plant biodiversity of Rosa damascena fields from Bulgaria’s Rose Valley

Figures & Tables

Figure 1:

Figure 2:

Figure 3:

j_hacq-2025-0002_tab_003

j_hacq-2025-0002_tab_002

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