Plant biodiversity of Rosa damascena fields from Bulgaria’s Rose Valley

Nikolay Velev; Iva Apostolova; Magdalena Valcheva

doi:10.3986/hacq-2025-0002

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Plant biodiversity of Rosa damascena fields from Bulgaria’s Rose Valley

Hacquetia

Volume 24 (2025): Issue 1 (June 2025)

By: Nikolay Velev , Iva Apostolova and Magdalena Valcheva

Open Access

|Feb 2025

Figures & Tables

The region of studied localities embraced in a circle, near the city of Kazanlak.
Slika 1: Območje preučevanih nahajališč, v bližini mesta Kazanlak je označeno s krogom.

Rose hedges separated by 2 m distance from each other with two different management types applied in the inter-rows: a) mowing, and b) ploughing.
Slika 2: Vmesni pasovi med nasadi vrtnic s širino 2 m in z dvema različnima načinoma upravljanja: a) košnja in b) oranje.

Table 1:

Vegetation parameters and results from Shannon-Wiener Index and Beta diversity from the studied rose fields. Recording of data was performed in two different localities within the research area.

Tabela 1: Vegetacijski parametri, Shannon-Wienerjev indeks in beta raznolikost preučevanih polj vrtnic. Pridobivanje podatkov je potekalo na dveh različnih lokacijah znotraj raziskovanega območja.

Group no.	Agriculture type	Management type	Total species number	Average number of species	Average total cover	Average Shannon-Wiener Index	Average Whittaker Beta diversity
Recorded in 2023
1	Conventional [n=10]	Ploughed	31	10.3	52.5	1.3317	2.0097
2	Conventional [n=10]	Mowed	51	16.2	68.5	1.5185	2.1481
Recorded in 2019
3	Conventional [n=12]	Mowed	55	17.5	94.25	1.4421	2.1429
4	Organic [n=12]	Mowed	78	21.08	82.08	1.7098	2.6996

DCA graph of the plots recorded under different management types. Total variance (“inertia”) in the species data: 5.1139. Gradient length of Axis 1: 4.208; Gradient length of Axis 2: 3.299. Variables Total cover, No. of species and Beta diversity are passively projected onto the ordination space.
Slika 3: DCA diagram ploskev, popisanih pri različnih načinih upravljanja. Skupna varianca (“inercija”) v podatkih o vrstah: 5,1139. Dolžina gradienta na osi 1: 4,208; dolžina gradienta na osi 2: 3,299. Spremenljivke skupna pokrovnost, število vrst in beta raznolikost, so pasivno projicirane na ordinacijski prostor.

Group №	1		2
Number of relevés	10		10
Management type	Ploughed		Mowed
Fidelity / Constancy	phi	%	phi	%
Amaranthus hybridus	90.5	90	---	0
Anthemis ruthenica	57.7	20	---	0
Sinapis arvensis	50	100	---	90
Cirsium arvense	33.3	60	---	70
Cardaria draba	33.3	60	---	40
Galium aparine	---	80	73.4	70
Chamomilla recutita	---	70	57.7	50
Cynodon dactylon	---	90	57.7	80
Viola arvensis	---	70	52.4	80
Elymus repens	---	70	50	80
Stellaria media	---	20	50	0
Daucus carota	---	10	50	0
Geranium dissectum	---	10	43.6	0
Cerastium dubium	---	10	42	0
Orlaya grandiflora	---	10	42	0
Arenaria serpyllifolia	---	10	42	0
Cichorium intybus	---	10	42	0
Lactuca serriola	---	10	42	30
Veronica hederifolia	---	50	34.6	0
Senecio vernalis	---	10	34.6	40
Pimpinella sp.	---	40	33.3	30
Ranunculus sardous	---	40	33.3	0
Lathyrus latifolius	---	10	33.3	10
Hordeum murinum	---	10	33.3	40
Linaria genistifolia	---	10	33.3	10
Papaver rhoeas	---	10	33.3	0
Myosotis arvensis	---	10	33.3	60
Rumex acetosella	---	10	33.3	10
Leontodon hispidus	---	10	33.3	0
Plantago major	---	10	33.3	0
Legousia speculum-veneris	---	10	33.3	50
Rumex crispus	---	0	25	10
Cuscuta europaea	---	0	22.9	10
Taraxacum sp.	---	0	22.9	10
Rumex cristatus	---	0	22.9	50
Ranunculus arvensis	---	0	22.9	20
Onopordum acanthium	---	0	22.9	40
Rorippa sp.	---	0	22.9	20
Capsella bursa-pastoris	---	0	22.9	70
Cirsium vulgare	---	0	22.9	20
Medicago minima	---	0	22.9	10
Chondrilla juncea	---	0	22.9	20
Torilis arvensis	---	0	22.9	30
Medicago sativa	---	0	22.9	10
Convolvulus arvensis	---	0	11.5	20
Polygonum aviculare	---	0	11.5	20
Lamium amplexicaule	---	0	10.5	10
Amaranthus hybridus	22.9	0	---	30
Chenopodium album	22.9	0	---	30
Sonchus oleraceus	22.9	0	---	10
Sisymbrium loeselii	22.9	0	---	40
Lolium perenne	22.9	0	---	20
Buglossoides arvensis	22.9	0	---	20
Centaurea solstitialis	22.9	0	---	20
Convolvulus arvensis	22.9	0	---	10
Cardaria draba	22.9	0	---	10
Fumaria rostellata	22.9	0	---	10
Lolium perenne	20.4	0	---	10
Fumaria rostellata	20	0	---	20
Bilderdykia convolvulus	14	0	---	10
Bromus sterilis	11.5	0	---	20
Xanthium italicum	10.5	0	---	40
Malva sylvestris	---	0	---	50
Raphanus raphanistrum	---	0	---	30
Erodium cicutarium	---	0	---	30

Group №	3		4
Number of relevés	12		12
Agriculture type	Conventional		Organic
Fidelity / Constancy	phi	%	phi	%
Geranium rotundifolium	84.5	83	---	0
Taraxacum sp.	84.5	100	---	17
Hordeum murinum	83.3	92	---	8
Galinsoga parviflora	70.7	67	---	0
Poa annua	70.7	67	---	0
Atriplex sp.	57.7	50	---	0
Malva sylvestris	53	58	---	8
Papaver rhoeas	51.3	42	---	0
Mentha longifolia	51.3	42	---	0
Bromus arvensis	38.5	42	---	8
Poa sylvicola	37.8	25	---	0
Rumex acetosa	37.8	25	---	0
Bromus sterilis	35.4	50	---	17
Stellaria media	30.8	33	---	8
Convolvulus arvensis	30.8	92	---	67
Geranium molle	30.8	33	---	8
Dactylis glomerata	30.2	17	---	0
Persicaria lapathifolia	30.2	17	---	0
Plantago major	30.2	17	---	0
Apera spica-venti	30.2	17	---	0
Cirsium arvense	30.2	17	---	0
Urtica dioica	30.2	17	---	0
Potentilla argentea	---	0	84.5	83
Achillea millefolium	---	8	83.3	92
Cichorium intybus	---	0	77.5	75
Salvia nemorosa	---	0	77.5	75
Cynodon dactylon	---	0	70.7	67
Trifolium campestre	---	0	64.2	58
Dasypyrum villosum	---	0	64.2	58
Trifolium scabrum	---	0	57.7	50
Potentilla recta gr.	---	0	57.7	50
Berteroa incana	---	0	51.3	42
Verbena officinalis	---	25	50	75
Arenaria leptoclados	---	0	44.7	33
Orlaya grandiflora	---	0	44.7	33
Erodium cicutarium	---	0	44.7	33
Plantago lanceolata	---	42	43	83
Vicia grandiflora	---	8	38.5	42
Chondrilla juncea	---	0	37.8	25
Bromus tectorum	---	0	37.8	25
Vulpia myuros	---	0	37.8	25
Leontodon autumnalis	---	0	37.8	25
Medicago minima	---	25	33.8	58
Viola arvensis	---	8	30.8	33
Trifolium angustifolium	---	0	30.2	17
Erigeron annuus	---	0	30.2	17
Hypericum perforatum	---	0	30.2	17
Ajuga reptans	---	0	30.2	17
Sanguisorba minor	---	0	30.2	17
Cynosurus echinatus	---	0	30.2	17
Centaurea solstitialis	---	0	30.2	17
Crepis foetida	---	0	30.2	17
Phleum phleoides	---	0	30.2	17
Cerastium dubium	---	0	30.2	17
Elymus repens	---	8	22.4	25
Veronica arvensis	---	8	22.4	25
Agrimonia eupatoria	---	0	20.9	8
Leucanthemum vulgare	---	0	20.9	8
Scleranthus neglectus	---	0	20.9	8
Legousia speculum-veneris	---	0	20.9	8
Poa compressa	---	0	20.9	8
Sherardia arvensis	---	0	20.9	8
Clinopodium vulgare	---	0	20.9	8
Herniaria incana	---	0	20.9	8
Holcus lanatus	---	0	20.9	8
Cynosurus cristatus	---	0	20.9	8
Poa trivialis	---	0	20.9	8
Veronica officinalis	---	0	20.9	8
Medicago marina	---	0	20.9	8
Vicia cracca	---	0	20.9	8
Trifolium arvense	---	0	20.9	8
Origanum vulgare	---	0	20.9	8
Lathyrus aphaca	---	0	20.9	8
Bromus mollis	---	0	20.9	8
Cuscuta campestris	---	0	20.9	8
Tragopogon dubius	---	0	20.9	8
Centaurea cyanus	---	0	20.9	8
Viola tricolor	---	8	12.6	17
Rumex acetosella	---	8	12.6	17
Rumex patientia	25.1	58	---	33
Malva pusilla	20.9	8	---	0
Artemisia alba	20.9	8	---	0
Prunella vulgaris	20.9	8	---	0
Lamium purpureum	20.9	8	---	0
Anchusa officinalis	20.9	8	---	0
Festuca valesiaca	20.9	8	---	0
Amaranthus hybridus	20.9	8	---	0
Carthamus lanatus	20.9	8	---	0
Poa angustifolia	20.9	8	---	0
Melilotus officinalis	20.9	8	---	0
Sonchus oleraceus	17.7	42	---	25
Lactuca serriola	16.9	50	---	33
Veronica polita	16.9	67	---	50
Conyza canadensis	12.6	17	---	8
Anagallis arvensis	12.6	17	---	8
Capsella bursa-pastoris	12.6	17	---	8
Veronica verna	10.3	25	---	17
Trifolium repens	8.4	58	---	50
Lolium perenne	---	92	---	92
Veronica chamaedrys	---	17	---	17
Crepis biennis	---	8	---	8
Bilderdykia convolvulus	---	50	---	50

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3986/hacq-2025-0002 | Journal eISSN: 1854-9829 | Journal ISSN: 1581-4661

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Language: English, Slovenian

Page range: 15 - 24

Submitted on: Apr 9, 2023

Accepted on: Jun 26, 2024

Published on: Feb 21, 2025

Published by: Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

agriculture,

conventional farming,

mowing,

Related subjects:

© 2025 Nikolay Velev, Iva Apostolova, Magdalena Valcheva, published by Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 24 (2025): Issue 1 (June 2025)

Plant biodiversity of Rosa damascena fields from Bulgaria’s Rose Valley

Figures & Tables

Figure 1:

Figure 2:

Table 1:

Figure 3:

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