Table 1
Infrastructural trajectories relevant to the EJDS.
| EXAMPLE | INSTALLED BASE | INTEROPERABILITY MODEL | GOVERNANCE | EJDS LESSONS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| e-CODEX | Gateways, connectors, digital procedural standards, semantic assets, Circle of Trust, national systems | Federated and negotiated interoperability | Initially project consortium and participating Member States, later institutionalized under eu-LISA | Interoperability requires trust arrangements, semantic alignment, gradual institutionalization, and long-term maintenance |
| ECRIS/ECRIS-TCN | National criminal-record databases, central authorities, common offence and sanction categories, reference implementation software, EU interoperability components | Standardized and rule-bound data exchange | Member States, European Commission, and eu-LISA | Standardization can support efficiency and legal certainty in narrow domains, but is harder to generalize across legally diverse areas |
| JUDEX | eEDES, e-CODEX, EU building blocks, reference implementation software, national judicial communication infrastructures | Modular and service-oriented interoperability | European Commission, Member State expert groups, national authorities, and connection through e-CODEX | Modularity supports reuse across procedures, but each use case still requires legal, semantic, organizational, and technical adaptation |