Figure 1
Assessing case weighting models according to their accuracy, detail, and research resource demands.
Table 1
The average value of the working time demand in cases of concealment of assets and other offences and the results of the hypothesis and relationship tests.
| THE VALUE OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INITIAL DOCUMENT | N | MEAN OF THE WORKING TIME DEMAND (HOURS) | MANN-WHITNEY TEST | KENDALL TAU TEST | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RANK SUM | U | Z ADJUSTED | P-LEVEL | KENDALL TAU | Z | p | |||
| concealment of assets: no | 734 | 10.465 | 270185 | 440 | –2.418 | 0.016 | 0.073 | 2.959 | 0.003 |
| concealment of assets: yes | 4 | 22.112 | 2506 | ||||||
Table 2
Descriptive statistics of continuum initial document variables.
| THE NAME OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INITIAL DOCUMENT | N | MEAN | CONFIDENCE –95% | CONFIDENCE +95% | MEDIAN | MIN. | MAX. | LOWER QUARTILE | UPPER QUARTILE | STD. DEV. | STD. ERROR | SKEWNESS | KURTOSIS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| the scope of the indictment | 738 | 2.587 | 2.379 | 2.795 | 2 | 0 | 38 | 1.3 | 2.8 | 2.878 | 0.106 | 5.656 | 45.382 |
| the length of investigation files | 738 | 113.387 | 101.796 | 124.978 | 65 | 0 | 1735 | 30 | 135 | 160.393 | 5.904 | 4.171 | 26.135 |
| length of the appendices to the investigation file | 738 | 0.190 | 0.035 | 0.346 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 2.152 | 0.079 | 18.839 | 406.394 |
| number of expert opinions attached | 738 | 0.599 | 0.502 | 0.696 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 1 | 1.348 | 0.050 | 5.482 | 42.869 |
| the number of witnesses proposed to be heard | 738 | 2.701 | 2.327 | 3.074 | 2 | 0 | 61 | 0 | 4 | 5.168 | 0.190 | 6.718 | 59.693 |
| the number of exhibits | 738 | 1.633 | 1.027 | 2.239 | 0 | 0 | 184 | 0 | 0 | 8.381 | 0.309 | 15.275 | 309.365 |
| the number of accused | 738 | 1.446 | 1.363 | 1.529 | 1 | 0 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 1.151 | 0.042 | 3.862 | 20.878 |
| the number of acts charged | 738 | 2.375 | 1.835 | 2.916 | 1 | 0 | 156 | 1 | 2 | 7.474 | 0.275 | 14.047 | 255.708 |
| criminal offenses of fraud (section 318.(4)–(7) of CC.) | 738 | 0.352 | 0.030 | 0.675 | 0 | 0 | 97 | 0 | 0 | 4.464 | 0.164 | 17.808 | 343.323 |
| other crimes | 738 | 0.836 | 0.676 | 0.996 | 1 | 0 | 31 | 0 | 1 | 2.219 | 0.082 | 9.599 | 108.579 |
| crimes against public confidence (title III in chapter XVI. of CC.) | 738 | 0.272 | 0.143 | 0.402 | 0 | 0 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 1.792 | 0.066 | 12.812 | 195.888 |
| misdemeanours for offences against property (chapter XVIII. of CC.) | 738 | 0.241 | 0.186 | 0.296 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0.761 | 0.028 | 5.245 | 35.648 |
Table 3
Results of correlation studies between continuous initial document variables and working time demand.
| THE NAME OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INITIAL DOCUMENT | KENDALL TAU TEST | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| KENDALL TAU | Z | p | |
| the scope of the indictment | 0.407 | 16.542 | 0.000 |
| the length of investigation files | 0.509 | 20.676 | 0.000 |
| length of the appendices to the investigation file | 0.084 | 3.410 | 0.001 |
| number of expert opinions attached | 0.255 | 10.361 | 0.000 |
| the number of witnesses proposed to be heard | 0.421 | 17.123 | 0.000 |
| the number of exhibits | 0.230 | 9.358 | 0.000 |
| number of accused | 0.273 | 11.117 | 0.000 |
| the number of acts charged | 0.317 | 12.870 | 0.000 |
| criminal offenses of fraud (section 318. (4)–(7) of CC.) | 0.157 | 6.399 | 0.000 |
| other crimes | –0.050 | –2.030 | 0.042 |
| crimes against public confidence (title III in chapter XVI. of CC.) | 0.085 | 3.458 | 0.001 |
| misdemeanours for offences against property (chapter XVIII. of CC.) | 0.101 | 4.118 | 0.000 |
Table 4
Scoreboard of multiple linear regression calculations between working time demand as a dependent variable and initial document characteristics as independent variables based on filtered data.
| MULTIPLE | MULTIPLE | ADJUSTED | SS | df | MS | SS | df | MS | F | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | R2 | R2 | Model | Model | Model | Residual | Residual | Residual | ||
| 0.791 | 0.625 | 0.585 | 52.530 | 70 | 0.750 | 31.531 | 660 | 0.048 | 15.708 | 0.000 |
Table 5
The role of each initial document variable in the model constructed from the filtered data.
| THE NAME OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INITIAL DOCUMENT | LOG(WORKING TIME DEMAND+2) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PARAMETER | t | p | BETA (ß) | |
| intercept | –0.072 | –0.277 | 0.782 | |
| the scope of the indictment | 10.176 | 1.714 | 0.087 | 0.066 |
| the length of investigation files | 0.179 | 7.775 | 0.000 | 0.318 |
| length of the appendices to the investigation file | 0.202 | 1.635 | 0.103 | 0.046 |
| the number of witnesses proposed to be heard | 0.201 | 4.466 | 0.000 | 0.157 |
| the number of experts proposed to be heard | 0.360 | 1.986 | 0.047 | 0.052 |
| the number of exhibits | 0.221 | 1.402 | 0.161 | 0.042 |
| the number of accused | 1.290 | 3.378 | 0.001 | 0.104 |
| the number of acts charged | 5.046 | 2.160 | 0.031 | 0.090 |
| the number of criminal offenses of fraud (section 318. (4)–(7) of CC.) | 1.878 | 1.616 | 0.107 | 0.052 |
| the number of crimes against public confidence (title III in chapter XVI. of CC.) | –0.206 | –2.202 | 0.028 | –0.063 |
| the number of robberies (section 321. of CC.) | 0.432 | 2.162 | 0.031 | 0.061 |
| the case is privately prosecuted (Y/N) | –0.125 | –1.309 | 0.191 | –0.279 |
| the accused has been convicted of all acts (full confession) (Y/N) | –0.131 | –1.218 | 0.224 | –0.346 |
| concealment of assets (section 330 (1) of CC.) (Y/N) | 0.031 | 0.280 | 0.779 | 0.013 |
| criminal form of misappropriation of funds (section 319 (3) of CC.) (Y/N) | –0.110 | –1.204 | 0.229 | –0.034 |
| the case was originally initiated without a hearing (Y/N) | –0.115 | –1.363 | 0.173 | –0.176 |
Table 6
Final result table of multiple linear regression calculations between working time demand as a dependent variable and initial document characteristics as independent variables based on filtered data.
| MULTIPLE | MULTIPLE | ADJUSTED | SS | df | MS | SS | df | MS | F | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | R2 | R2 | Model | Model | Model | Residual | Residual | Residual | ||
| 0.770 | 0.592 | 0.570 | 49.778 | 37 | 1.345 | 34.283 | 693 | 0.049 | 27.195 | 0.000 |
Table 7
The role of each initial document variable in the final model, based on the filtered data and the presence of multicollinearity.
| THE NAME OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INITIAL DOCUMENT | LOG(WORKING TIME DEMAND+2) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PARAMETER | t | p | BETA (ß) | T | VIF | |
| intercept | –0.140 | –0.707 | 0.480 | |||
| the scope of the indictment | 14.898 | 2.601 | 0.009 | 0.096 | 0.430 | 2.326 |
| the length of investigation files | 0.213 | 10.610 | 0.000 | 0.379 | 0.461 | 2.171 |
| length of the appendices to the investigation file | 0.183 | 1.518 | 0.129 | 0.041 | 0.800 | 1.250 |
| the number of witnesses proposed to be heard | 0.238 | 5.464 | 0.000 | 0.185 | 0.511 | 1.956 |
| the number of experts proposed to be heard | 0.268 | 1.511 | 0.131 | 0.039 | 0.888 | 1.127 |
| the number of accused | 1.140 | 3.036 | 0.002 | 0.092 | 0.640 | 1.563 |
| the number of acts charged | 5.135 | 2.209 | 0.028 | 0.091 | 0.346 | 2.890 |
| the number of criminal offenses of fraud (section 318. (4)–(7) of CC.) | 1.458 | 1.270 | 0.205 | 0.041 | 0.577 | 1.734 |
| the number of crimes against public confidence (title III in chapter XVI. of CC.) | –0.207 | –2.231 | 0.026 | –0.064 | 0.725 | 1.380 |
| the number of robberies (section 321. of CC.) | 0.308 | 1.619 | 0.106 | 0.044 | 0.804 | 1.243 |
| concealment of assets (section 330 (1) of CC.) (Y/N) | –0.141 | –2.491 | 0.013 | –0.061 | 0.975 | 1.026 |
| criminal form of misappropriation of funds (section 319 (3) of CC.) (Y/N) | 0.000 | –1.254 | 0.210 | –0.035 | 0.768 | 1.302 |
Figure 2
Bar graph and P-P plot diagram of the distribution of residuals.
Table 8
Comparison of the current “piece-by-piece” method and the regression model (based on filtered data, N = 731).
| MEASURED DURING THE EXAMINATION OF THE FILES | “PIECE-BY-PIECE” METHOD | PREDICTED BY THE MODEL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| sum of working time demand (hours) | 7490.28 | 7490.28 | 6530.1 |
| mean of working time demand (hours) | 10.25 | 10.25 | 8.93 |
| sum of residual (hours) | 0 | 5781.86 | 3060.25 |
| mean of residual (hours) | 0 | 7.91 | 4.19 |
| sum of residual/sum of working time demand (%) | 0 | 77.19 | 46.86 |