Spatio-temporal variability of CO and O3 in Hyderabad (17°N, 78°E), central India, based on MOZAIC and TES observations and WRF-Chem and MOZART-4 models

This article is based on the study of the seasonal and interannual variability of carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone (O₃) at different altitudes of the troposphere over Hyderabad, India, during 2006–2010 using Measurement of OZone and water vapour by Airbus In-Service Aircraft (MOZAIC) and observation from Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) aboard NASA's Aura satellite. The MOZAIC observations show maximum seasonal variability in both CO and O₃ during winter and pre-monsoon season, with CO in the range (100–200)±13 ppbv and O₃ in the range (50–70)±9 ppbv. The time-series of MOZAIC data shows a significant increase of 4.2±1.3 % in the surface CO and 6.7±1.3 % in the surface O₃ during 2006–2010 in Hyderabad. From MOZAIC observations, we identify CO and O₃ profiles that are anomalous with respect to the monthly mean and compare those with Weather Research Forecast model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) and Model for OZone and Related Tracers, version 4 profiles for the same day. The anomalous profiles of WRF-Chem are simulated using three convection schemes. The goodness of comparison depends on the convection scheme and the altitude region of the troposphere.