The IAGOS-CORE aerosol package: instrument design, operation and performance for continuous measurement aboard in-service aircraft

Ulrich Bundke; Marcel Berg; Norbert Houben; Amir Ibrahim; Markus Fiebig; Frank Tettich; Christoph Klaus; Harald Franke; Andreas Petzold

doi:10.3402/tellusb.v67.28339

The IAGOS-CORE aerosol package: instrument design, operation and performance for continuous measurement aboard in-service aircraft

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

Volume 67 (2015): Issue 1

By: Ulrich Bundke, Marcel Berg, Norbert Houben, Amir Ibrahim, Markus Fiebig, Frank Tettich, Christoph Klaus, Harald Franke and Andreas Petzold

Open Access

|Jan 2015

Abstract

This work presents the characterisation of the Aerosol Package for the European Research Infrastructure IAGOS (In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System). Condensation particle counter (CPC) are used to measure the aerosol number concentration of the total and the non-volatile particles. The size distribution is measured by means of an optical particle counter (OPC) in the diameter range of 0.25–3 µm. In particular the OPC is characterised for (1) leakage, (2) flow and calibration stability over the expected IAGOS pressure range of 170 hPa to 1013 hPa, (3) OPC accuracy test by comparing extinction measurements with calculated values from Mie theory using the OPC size distribution and (4) the inter-instrumental precision. The CPC is characterised in the same pressure range for (1) the lower cut-off diameter, (2) the instrument accuracy by comparing with a reference instrument (Faraday Cup Electrometer, FCE) and (3) the instrument precision. We conclude that the IAGOS Aerosol Package is a fully automated, robust, low-maintenance instrument providing high precision measurements with good accuracy.

References

Allen M. D. , Raabe O. G . Slip correction measurements of spherical solid aerosol particles in an improved Millikan apparatus . Aerosol Sci. Technol . 1985 ; 4 ( 3 ): 269 – 286 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Aquila V. , Hendricks J. , Lauer A. , Riemer N. , Vogel H. , co-authors . Made-in: a new aerosol microphysics submodel for global simulation of insoluble particles and their mixing state . Geosci. Model Dev . 2011 ; 4 ( 2 ): 325 – 355 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Banse D. F. , Esfeld K. , Hermann M. , Sierau B. , Wiedensohler A . Particle counting efficiency of the TSI Cpc 3762 for different operating parameters . J. Aerosol Sci . 2001 ; 32 ( 1 ): 157 – 161 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Carslaw K. S. , Lee L. A. , Reddington C. L. , Pringle K. J. , Rap A. , co-authors . Large contribution of natural aerosols to uncertainty in indirect forcing . Nature . 2013 ; 503 ( 7474 ): 67 – 71 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Clarke A. D . A thermo optic technique for in-situ analysis of size-resolved aerosol physicochemistry . Atmos. Environ. A Gen. Topics . 1991 ; 25 ( 3–4 ): 635 – 644 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Clarke A. , Kapustin V . Hemispheric aerosol vertical profiles: anthropogenic impacts on optical depth and cloud nuclei . Science . 2010 ; 329 ( 5998 ): 1488 – 1492 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Cunningham E . On the velocity of steady fall of spherical particles through fluid medium . Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A Math. Phys . 1910 ; 83 ( 563 ): 357 – 365 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
DeMott P. J. , Mohler O. , Stetzer O. , Vali G. , Levin Z. , co-authors . Resurgence in ice nuclei measurement research . Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc . 2011 ; 92 ( 12 ): 1623 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ekman A. M. L. , Hermann M. , Gross P. , Heintzenberg J. , Kim D. , co-authors . Sub-micrometer aerosol particles in the upper troposphere/lowermost stratosphere as measured by Caribic and modeled using the mit-cam3 global climate model . J. Geophys. Res. Atmos . 2012 ; 117 : 11202 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
GCOS . Implementation Plan for the Global Observing System for Climate in Support of the UNFCCC (ed. WMO) . 2010 . WMO, Geneva, Switzerland, p. 186 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Heim M. , Mullins B. J. , Umhauer H. , Kasper G . Performance evaluation of three optical particle counters with an efficient “multimodal” calibration method . J. Aerosol Sci . 2008 ; 39 ( 12 ): 1019 – 1031 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Heintzenberg J. , Hermann M. , Weigelt A. , Clarke A. , Kapustin V. , co-authors . Near-global aerosol mapping in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere with data from the Caribic project . Tellus B . 2011 ; 63 ( 5 ): 875 – 890 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hermann M. , Adler S. , Caldow R. , Stratmann F. , Wiedensohler A . Pressure-dependent efficiency of a condensation particle counter operated with fc-43 as working fluid . J. Aerosol Sci . 2005 ; 36 ( 11 ): 1322 – 1337 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hermann M. , Brenninkmeijer C. A. M. , Slemr F. , Heintzenberg J. , Martinsson B. G. , co-authors . Submicrometer aerosol particle distributions in the upper troposphere over the mid-latitude north Atlantic – results from the third route of ‘Caribic’ . Tellus B . 2008 ; 60 ( 1 ): 106 – 117 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hermann M. , Heintzenberg J. , Wiedensohler A. , Zahn A. , Heinrich G. , co-authors . Meridional distributions of aerosol particle number concentrations in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere obtained by civil aircraft for regular investigation of the atmosphere based on an instrument container (Caribic) flights . J. Geophys. Res. Atmos . 2003 ; 108 ( D3 ): 4114 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hermann M. , Wiedensohler A . Counting efficiency of condensation particle counters at low-pressures with illustrative data from the upper troposphere . J. Aerosol Sci . 2001 ; 32 ( 8 ): 975 – 991 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Holben B. N. , Tanre D. , Smirnov A. , Eck T. F. , Slutsker I. , co-authors . An emerging ground-based aerosol climatology: aerosol optical depth from AERONET . J. Geophys. Res. Atmos . 2001 ; 106 ( D11 ): 12067 – 12097 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
IPCC . The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change . 2013 ; Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Knudsen M. , Weber S . Air resistance against the slow movement of small spheres . Annalen Der Physik . 1911 ; 36 ( 15 ): 983 – 996 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Knutson E. O. , Whitby K. T . Aerosol classification by electric mobility: apparatus, theory, and applications . J. Aerosol Sci . 1975 ; 6 ( 6 ): 443 – 451 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Levin Z. , Cotton W. R . Aerosol Pollution Impact on Precipitation: A Scientific Review . 2009 ; Dordrecht : Springer .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lohmann U. , Feichter J . Global indirect aerosol effects: a review . Atmos. Chem. Phys . 2005 ; 5 : 715 – 737 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Mahowald N . Aerosol indirect effect on biogeochemical cycles and climate . Science . 2011 ; 334 ( 6057 ): 794 – 796 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Mann G. W. , Carslaw K. S. , Reddington C. L. , Pringle K. J. , Schulz M. , co-authors . Intercomparison and evaluation of global aerosol microphysical properties among AeroCom models of a range of complexity . Atmos. Chem. Phys . 2014 ; 14 ( 9 ): 4679 – 4713 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Massoli P. , Kebabian P. L. , Onasch T. B. , Hills F. B. , Freedman A . Aerosol light extinction measurements by cavity attenuated phase shift (CAPS) spectroscopy: laboratory validation and field deployment of a compact aerosol particle extinction monitor . Aerosol Sci. Technol . 2010 ; 44 ( 6 ): 428 – 435 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pappalardo G. , Amodeo A. , Apituley A. , Comeron A. , Freudenthaler V. , co-authors . EARLINET: towards an advanced sustainable European aerosol lidar network . Atmos. Meas. Tech . 2014 ; 7 ( 8 ): 2389 – 2409 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Petzold A. , Marsh R. , Johnson M. , Miller M. , Sevcenco Y. , co-authors . Evaluation of methods for measuring particulate matter emissions from gas turbines . Environ. Sci. Technol . 2011 ; 45 ( 8 ): 3562 – 3568 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Petzold A. , Onasch T. , Kebabian P. , Freedman A . Intercomparison of a cavity attenuated phase shift-based extinction monitor (CAPS PMex) with an integrating nephelometer and a filter-based absorption monitor . Atmos. Meas. Tech . 2013 ; 6 ( 5 ): 1141 – 1151 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Petzold A. , Thouret V. , Gerbig C. , Zahn A. , Brenninkmeijer C. , co-authors . Global-scale atmosphere monitoring by in-service aircraft current achievements and future prospects of the European research infrastructure Iagos . Tellus B . 2015 ; 67 28452, http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v67.28452 (MOZAIC-Iagos special issue) .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rap A. , Scott C. E. , Spracklen D. V. , Bellouin N. , Forster P. M. , co-authors . Natural aerosol direct and indirect radiative effects . Geophys. Res. Lett . 2013 ; 40 ( 12 ): 3297 – 3301 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Reischl G. P . The relationship of input and output aerosol characteristics for an ideal differential mobility analyzer particle standard . J. Aerosol Sci . 1991 ; 22 ( 3 ): 297 – 312 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rosenberg P. D. , Dean A. R. , Williams P. I. , Dorsey J. R. , Minikin A. , co-authors . Particle sizing calibration with refractive index correction for light scattering optical particle counters and impacts upon PCASP and CDP data collected during the fennec campaign . Atmos. Meas. Tech . 2012 ; 5 ( 5 ): 1147 – 1163 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Schwartz S. E. , Charlson R. J. , Kahn R. A. , Ogren J. A. , Rodhe H . Why hasn't earth warmed as much as expected? . J. Clim . 2010 ; 23 ( 10 ): 2453 – 2464 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Seto T. , Nakamoto T. , Okuyama K. , Adachi M. , Kuga Y. , co-authors . Size distribution measurement of nanometer-sized aerosol particles using Dma under low-pressure conditions . J. Aerosol Sci . 1997 ; 28 ( 2 ): 193 – 206 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wiedensohler A . An approximation of the bipolar charge-distribution for particles in the sub-micron size range . J. Aerosol Sci . 1988 ; 19 ( 3 ): 387 – 389 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Zhang Z. Q. , Liu B. Y. H . Performance of TSI 3760 condensation nuclei counter at reduced pressures and flow-rates . Aerosol Sci. Technol . 1991 ; 15 ( 4 ): 228 – 238 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Zhou C. , Penner J. E . Aircraft soot indirect effect on large-scale cirrus clouds: is the indirect forcing by aircraft soot positive or negative? . J. Geophys. Res. Atmos . 2014 ; 119 ( 19 ): 11303 – 11320 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article

Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v67.28339 | Journal eISSN: 1600-0889

Journal RSS Feed

Language: English

Page range: 28339 - 28339

Submitted on: Apr 24, 2015

Accepted on: Nov 24, 2015

Published on: Jan 1, 2015

Published by: Stockholm University Press

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

IAGOS,

aerosol,

instrumentation

© 2015 Ulrich Bundke, Marcel Berg, Norbert Houben, Amir Ibrahim, Markus Fiebig, Frank Tettich, Christoph Klaus, Harald Franke, Andreas Petzold, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 67 (2015): Issue 1