Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Dust plume formation in the free troposphere and aerosol size distribution during the Saharan Mineral Dust Experiment in North Africa Cover

Dust plume formation in the free troposphere and aerosol size distribution during the Saharan Mineral Dust Experiment in North Africa

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology
Volume 67 (2015): Issue 1
By: ,  ,  ,   and    
Open Access
|Jan 2015
References

References

  1. Ackermann I. J. , Hass H. , Memmesheimer M. , Ebel A. , Binkowski F. S. , co-authors . Modal aerosol dynamics model for Europe: development and first applications . Atmos. Environ . 1998 ; 32 : 2981 – 2999 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  2. Ashpole I. , Washington R . Intraseasonal variability and atmospheric controls on daily dust occurrence frequency over the central and western Sahara during the boreal summer . J. Geophys. Res. Atmos . 2013a ; 118 : 12915 – 12926 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  3. Ashpole I. , Washington R . A new high-resolution central and western Saharan summertime dust source map from automated satellite dust plume tracking . J. Geophys. Res. Atmos . 2013b ; 118 : 6981 – 6995 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  4. Chen S.-H. , Wang S.-H. , Waylonis M . Modification of Saharan air layer and environmental shear over the eastern Atlantic Ocean by dust-radiation effects . J. Geophys. Res. Atmos . 2010 ; 115 : D21202 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  5. Chin M. , Ginoux P. , Kinne S. , Torres O. , Holben B. N. , co-authors . Tropospheric aerosol optical thickness from the GOCART model and comparisons with satellite and sun photometer measurements . J. Atmos. Sci . 2002 ; 59 : 461 – 483 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  6. Cuesta J. , Marsham J. H. , Parker D. J. , Flamant C . Dynamical mechanisms controlling the vertical redistribution of dust and the thermodynamic structure of the West Saharan atmospheric boundary layer during summer . Atmos. Sci. Lett . 2009 ; 10 : 32 – 42 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  7. Dee D. P. , Uppala S. M. , Simmons A. J. , Berrisford P. , Poli P. , co-authors . The ERA-Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system . Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc . 2011 ; 137 : 553 – 597 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  8. Dinter T. , Hoyningen-Huene W. V. , Burrows J. , Kokhanovsky A. , Bierwirth E. , co-authors . Retrieval of aerosol optical thickness for desert conditions using MERIS observations during the SAMUM campaign . Tellus B . 2009 ; 61 : 229 – 238 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  9. Donnell E. , Fish D. J. , Dicks E. M. , Thorpe A. J . Mechanisms for pollutant transport between the boundary layer and the free troposphere . J. Geophys. Res . 2001 ; 106 : 7847 – 7856 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  10. Drame M. , Jenkins G. S. , Camara M. , Robjhon M . Observations and simulation of a Saharan air layer event with a midtropospheric dust layer at Dakar, Senegal, 6–7 July 2010 . J. Geophys. Res. Atmos . 2011 ; 116 : D21204 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  11. Dubovik O. , Sinyuk A. , Lapyonok T. , Holben B. N. , Mishchenko M. , co-authors . Application of spheroid models to account for aerosol particle nonsphericity in remote sensing of desert dust . J. Geophys. Res. Atmos . 2006 ; 111 : D11208 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  12. Eck T. F. , Holben B. N. , Reid J. S. , Dubovik O. , Smirnov A. , co-authors . Wavelength dependence of the optical depth of biomass burning, urban, and desert dust aerosols . J. Geophys. Res . 1999 ; 104 : 31333 – 31349 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  13. Emmel C. , Knippertz P. , Schulz O . Climatology of convective density currents in the southern foothills of the Atlas Mountains . J. Geophys. Res . 2010 ; 115 : 11 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  14. Engelstaedter S. , Washington R . Atmospheric controls on the annual cycle of North African dust . J. Geophys. Res. Atmos . 2007 ; 112 : D03103 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  15. Esselborn M. , Wirth M. , Fix A. , Weinzierl B. , Rasp K. , co-authors . Spatial distribution and optical properties of Saharan dust observed by airborne high spectral resolution lidar during SAMUM 2006 . Tellus B . 2009 ; 61 : 131 – 143 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  16. Fiedler S. , Schepanski K. , Knippertz P. , Heinold B. , Tegen I . How important are atmospheric depressions and mobile cyclones for emitting mineral dust aerosol in North Africa? . Atmos. Chem. Phys . 2014 ; 14 : 8983 – 9000 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  17. Flamant C. , Chaboureau J.-P. , Parker D. J. , Taylor C. M. , Camma J.-P. , co-authors . Airborne observations of the impact of a convective system on the planetary boundary layer thermodynamics and aerosol distribution in the inter-tropical discontinuity region of the West African Monsoon . Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc . 2007 ; 133 : 1175 – 1189 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  18. Freitas S. R. , Longo K. M. , Alonso M. F. , Pirre M. , Marecal V. , co-authors . PREP-CHEM-SRC – 1.0: a preprocessor of trace gas and aerosol emission fields for regional and global atmospheric chemistry models . Geosci. Model Dev . 2011 ; 4 : 419 – 433 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  19. Gamo M . Thickness of the dry convection and large-scale subsidence above deserts . Bound. Layer Meteorol . 1996 ; 79 : 265 – 278 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  20. Gill T. E . Eolian sediments generated by anthropogenic disturbance of playas: human impacts on the geomorphic system and geomorphic impacts on the human system . Geomorphology . 1996 ; 17 : 207 – 228 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  21. Ginoux P. , Chin M. , Tegen I. , Prospero J. M. , Holben B. , co-authors . Sources and distributions of dust aerosols simulated with the GOCART model . J. Geophys. Res . 2001 ; 106 : 19 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  22. Ginoux P. , Prospero J. M. , Gill T. E. , Hsu N. C. , Zhao M . Global-scale attribution of anthropogenic and natural dust sources and their emission rates based on MODIS deep blue aerosol products . Rev. Geophys . 2012 ; 50 : 1 – 36, Paper number 2012RG000388 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  23. Grell G. , Dévényi D . A generalized approach to parameterizing convection combining ensemble and data assimilation techniques . Geophys. Res. Lett . 2002 ; 29 : 38-31–38-34 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  24. Grell G. , Peckham S. E. , Schmitz R. , McKeen S. A. , Frost G. , co-authors . Fully coupled “online” chemistry within the WRF model . Atmos. Environ . 2005a ; 39 : 6957 – 6975 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  25. Grell G. A. , Peckham S. E. , Schmitz R. , McKeen S. A. , Frost G. J . The WRF-chemistry air quality model: updates, improvements and evaluation . Proceedings of the 6th WRF/15th MM5 Users’ Workshop . 2005b . San Diego, pp. 1–31. .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  26. Heinold B. , Knippertz P. , Marsham J. H. , Fiedler S. , Dixon N. S. , co-authors . The role of deep convection and nocturnal low-level jets for dust emission in summer time West Africa: estimates from convection-permitting simulations . J. Geophys. Res. Atmos . 2013 ; 118 : 4385 – 4400 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  27. Heinold B. , Tegen I. N. A. , Esselborn M. , Kandler K. , Knippertz P. , co-authors . Regional Saharan dust modelling during the SAMUM 2006 campaign . Tellus B . 2009 ; 61 : 307 – 324 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  28. Heintzenberg J . The SAMUM-1 experiment over Southern Morocco: overview and introduction . Tellus B . 2008 ; 61 : 2 – 11 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  29. Holben B. N. , Eck T. F. , Slutsker I. , Tanre D. , Buis J. P. , co-authors . AERONET – a federated instrument network and data archive for aerosol characterization . Rem. Sens. Environ . 1998 ; 66 : 1 – 16 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  30. Holben B. N. , Tanre D. , Smirnov A. , Eck A. , Slutsker I . An emerging groundbased aerosol climatology: aerosol optical depth from AERONET . J. Geophys. Res . 2001 ; 106 : 12067 – 12097 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  31. Hsu N. C. , Tsay S. C. , King M. D. , Herman J. R . Aerosol properties over bright-reflecting source regions . IEEE Trans. Geosci. Rem. Sens . 2004 ; 42 : 557 – 569 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  32. Kain J. , Fritsch J. M . Emanuel K. , Raymond D . Convective parameterization for mesoscale models: the Kain–Fritsch scheme . The Representation of Cumulus Convection in Numerical Models . 1993 ; American Meteorological Society, Boston, Massachusetts . 165 – 170 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  33. Kalenderski S. , Stenchikov G. , Zhao C . Modeling a typical winter-time dust event over the Arabian Peninsula and the Red Sea . Atmos. Chem. Phys . 2013 ; 13 : 1999 – 2014 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  34. Kalu A. E . Morales C . The African dust plume: its characteristics and propagation across West Africa in Winter . Saharan Dust . 1979 ; Chichester : Wiley . 95 – 118 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  35. Kandler K. , Schutz L. , Deutscher C. , Ebert M. , Hofmann H. , co-authors . Size distribution, mass concentration, chemical and mineralogical composition and derived optical parameters of the boundary layer aerosol at Tinfou, Morocco, during SAMUM 2006 . Tellus B . 2009 ; 61 : 32 – 50 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  36. Knippertz P . Dust emissions in the West African heat trough – the role of the diurnal cycle and of extratropical disturbances . Meteorol. Z . 2008 ; 17 : 553 – 563 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  37. Knippertz P. , Ansmann A. , Althausen D. , Muller D. , Tesche M. , co-authors . Dust mobilization and transport in the northern Sahara during SAMUM 2006 – a meteorological review . Tellus B . 2009a ; 61 : 12 – 31 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  38. Knippertz P. , Deutscher D. , Kandler K. , Muller T. , Schulz O. , co-authors . Dust mobilization due to density currents in the Atlas region: observations from the Saharan mineral dust experiment 2006 field campaign . J. Geophys. Res . 2007 ; 112 : D21109 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  39. Knippertz P. , Fink A. H . Synoptic and dynamic aspects of an extreme springtime Saharan dust outbreak . Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc . 2006 ; 132 : 1153 – 1177 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  40. Knippertz P. , Stuut J. B . Mineral Dust, A key player in the Earth System . 2014 ; Springer, New York .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  41. Knippertz P. , Trentmann J. , Seifert A . High-resolution simulations of convective cold pools over the northwestern Sahara . J. Geophys. Res. Atmos . 2009b ; 114 : D08110 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  42. Koch J. , Renno N. O . The role of convective plumes and vortices on the global aerosol budget . Geophys. Res. Lett . 2005 ; 32 : 1 – 5 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  43. Kok J. F . A scaling theory for the size distribution of emitted dust aerosols suggests climate models underestimate the size of the global dust cycle . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A . 2011a ; 108 : 1016 – 1021 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  44. Kok J. F . Does the size distribution of mineral dust aerosols depend on the wind speed at emission? . Atmos. Chem. Phys . 2011b ; 11 : 10149 – 10156 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  45. Kok J. F. , Parteli E. J. R. , Michaels T. I. , Karam D. B . The physics of wind-blown sand and dust . Rep. Prog. Phys . 2012 ; 75 : 106901 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  46. Laurent B. , Tegen I. , Heinold B. , Schepanski K. , Weinzierl B. , co-authors . A model study of Saharan dust emissions and distributions during the SAMUM-1 campaign . J. Geophys. Res . 2010 ; 115 : D21210 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  47. Mahowald M. N. , Bryant R. G. , Corral D. J. , Steinberger L . Ephemeral lakes and desert dust sources . Geophys. Res. Lett . 2003 ; 30 : 2(1074) .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  48. Marsham J. H. , Parker D. J. , Grams C. M. , Johnson B. T. , Grey W. M. F. , co-authors . Observations of mesoscale and boundary-layer scale circulations affecting dust transport and uplift over the Sahara . Atmos. Chem. Phys . 2008 ; 8 : 6979 – 6993 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  49. Marticorena B. , Bergametti G . Modeling the atmospheric dust cycle: 1. Design of a soil-derived dust emission scheme . J. Geophys. Res. Atmos . 1995 ; 100 : 16415 – 16430 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  50. McConnell C. L. , Highwood E. J. , Coe H. , Formenti P. , Anderson B. , co-authors . Seasonal variations of the physical and optical characteristics of Saharan dust: results from the Dust Outflow and Deposition to the Ocean (DODO) experiment . J. Geophys. Res . 2008 ; 113 : D14S05 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  51. McKeen S. A. , Wotawa G. , Parrish D. D. , Holloway J. S. , Buhr M. P. , co-authors . Ozone production from Canadian wildfires during June and July of 1995 . J. Geophys. Res . 2002 ; 107 : 4192 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  52. McKendry I. G . Numerical simulation of sea breezes over the Auckland region, New Zealand – air quality implications . Bound. Layer Meteorol . 1989 ; 49 : 7 – 22 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  53. Membery D. A . A gravity wave haboob . Weather . 1985 ; 40 : 214 – 221 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  54. Miller S. T. K. , Keim B. D. , Talbot R. W. , Mao H . Sea breeze: structure, forecasting, and impacts . J. Geophys. Res . 2003 ; 41 : 31 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  55. Mulitza S. , Heslop D. , Pittauerova D. , Fischer H. W. , Meyer I. , co-authors . Increase in African dust flux at the onset of commercial agriculture in the Sahel region . Nature . 2010 ; 466 : 226 – 228 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  56. Müller D. , Lee K. H. , Gasteiger J. , Tesche M. , Weinzierl B. , co-authors . Comparison of optical and microphysical properties of pure Saharan mineral dust observed with AERONET sun photometer, Raman lidar, and in situ instruments during SAMUM 2006 . J. Geophys. Res. Atmos . 2012 ; 117 : D07211 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  57. Oberle F . Monitoring of Easterly Saharan Dust Storms . 2001 ; University of Hawaii, Manoa .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  58. Otto S. , Reus M. D. , Trautmann T. , Thomas A. , Wendisch M. , co-authors . Atmospheric radiative effects of an in situ measured Saharan dust plume and the role of large particles . Atmos. Chem. Phys . 2007 ; 7 : 4887 – 4903 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  59. Petzold A. , Rasp K. , Weinzierl B. , Esselborn M. , Hamburger T. , co-authors . Saharan dust absorption and refractive index from aircraft-based observations during SAMUM 2006 . Tellus B . 2009 ; 61 : 118 – 130 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  60. Prakash P. J. , Stenchikov G. , Kalenderski S. , Osipov S. , Bangalath H . The impact of dust storms on the Arabian Peninsula and the Red Sea . Atmos. Chem. Phys . 2015 ; 15 : 199 – 222 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  61. Prospero J. M. , Ginoux P. , Torres O. , Nicholson S. E. , Gill T. E . Environmental characterization of global sources of atmospheric soil dust identified with the NIMBUS 7 total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS) absorbing aerosol product . Rev. Geophys . 2002 ; 40 : 31 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  62. Randerson J. T. , van der Werf G. R. , Giglio L. , Collatz G. J. , Kasibhatla P. S . Global Fire Emissions Database, Version 2 (GFEDv2.1) . 2007 ; Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, TN .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  63. Reinfried F. , Tegen I. , Heinold B. , Hellmuth O. , Schepanski K. , co-authors . Simulations of convectively-driven density currents in the Atlas region using a regional model: impacts on dust emission and sensitivity to horizontal resolution and convection schemes . J. Geophys. Res. Atmos . 2009 ; 114 : D08127 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  64. Remer L. A. , Kaufman Y. J. , Tanré D. , Mattoo S. , Chu D. A. , co-authors . The MODIS aerosol algorithm, products and validation . J. Atmos. Sci . 2005 ; 62 : 947 – 973 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  65. Remer L. A. , Kleidman R. G. , Levy R. C. , Kaufman Y. J. , Tanré D. , co-authors . Global aerosol climatology from the MODIS satellite sensors . J. Geophys. Res . 2008 ; 113 : D14S07 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  66. Ryder C. L. , Highwood E. J. , Rosenberg P. D. , Trembath J. , Brooks J. K. , co-authors . Optical properties of Saharan dust aerosol and contribution from the coarse mode as measured during the Fennec 2011 aircraft campaign . Atmos. Chem. Phys . 2013 ; 13 : 303 – 325 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  67. Schell B. , Ackermann I. J. , Hass H . Modeling the formation of secondary organic aerosol within a comprehensive air quality model system . J. Geophys. Res . 2001 ; 106 : 28275 – 28293 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  68. Schepanski K. , Tegen I. , Macke A . Saharan dust transport and deposition towards the tropical northern Atlantic . Atmos. Chem. Phys . 2009b ; 9 : 1173 – 1189 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  69. Schepanski K. , Tegen I. , Todd M. C. , Heinold B. , Bönisch G. , co-authors . Meteorological processes forcing Saharan dust emission inferred from MSG-SEVIRI observations of subdaily dust source activation and numerical models . J. Geophys. Res. Atmos . 2009a ; 114 : D10201 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  70. Schladitz A. , Müller T. , Kaaden N. , Massling A. , Kandler K. , co-authors . In situ measurements of optical properties at Tinfou (Morocco) during the Saharan Mineral Dust Experiment SAMUM 2006 . Tellus B . 2009 ; 61 : 64 – 78 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  71. Shao Y . A model for mineral dust emission . J. Geophys. Res. Atmos . 2001 ; 106 : 20239 – 20254 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  72. Shao Y . Simplification of a dust emission scheme and comparison with data . J. Geophys. Res. Atmos . 2004 ; 109 : D10202 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  73. Shao Y . Physics and Modelling of Wind Erosion . 2008 ; Springer Verlag, Cologne, Germany .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  74. Skamarock W. C. , Klemp J. B. , Dudhia J. , Gill D. O. , Barker D. M. , co-authors . A Description of the Advanced Research WRF Version 3 . 2005 ; Boulder, CO : Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorological Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  75. Sokolik I. N. , Toon O. B . Incorporation of mineralogical composition into models of the radiative properties of mineral aerosol from UV to IR wavelengths . J. Geophys. Res. Atmos . 1999 ; 104 : 9423 – 9444 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  76. Solomos S. , Kallos G. , Mavromatidis E. , Kushta J . Density currents as a desert dust mobilization mechanism . Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss . 2012 ; 12 : 21579 – 21614 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  77. Stockwell W. R. , Middleton P. , Chang J. S. , Tang X . The second generation regional acid deposition model chemical mechanism for regional air quality modelling . J. Geophys. Res . 1990 ; 95 : 16343 – 16367 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  78. Sutton L. J . Haboobs . Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc . 1925 ; 51 : 25 – 30 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  79. Takemi T. , Seino N . Dust storms and cyclone tracks over the arid regions in east Asia in spring . J. Geophys. Res . 2005 ; 110 : D18S11 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  80. Tesche M. , Ansmann A. , M¨ller D. , Althausen D. , Mattis I. N. A. , co-authors . Vertical profiling of Saharan dust with Raman lidars and airborne HSRL in southern Morocco during SAMUM . Tellus B . 2009 ; 61 : 144 – 164 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  81. Todd M. C. , Washington R. , Raghavan S. , Lizcano G. , Knippertz P . Regional model simulations of the Bodélé low-level jet of Northern Chad during the Bodélé Dust Experiment (BoDEx 2005) . J. Clim . 2008 ; 21 : 995 – 1012 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  82. Varga G . Spatio-temporal distribution of dust storms – a global coverage using NASA TOMS aerosol measurements . Hungar. Geograph. Bull . 2012 ; 61 : 275 – 298 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  83. Wang W. , Bruyère C. , Duda M. , Dudhia J. , Gill D. , co-authors . Weather Research Forecasting ARW – Version 3 Modeling System User's Guide . 2014 ; National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  84. Weinzierl B. , Petzold A. , Esselborn M. , Wirth M. , Rasp K. , co-authors . Airborne measurements of dust layer properties, particle size distribution and mixing state of Saharan dust during SAMUM 2006 . Tellus B . 2009 ; 61 : 96 – 117 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  85. Wild O. , Zhu X. , Prather M. J. , Fast J. D . Accurate simulation of in- and below-cloud photolysis in tropospheric chemical models . J. Atmos. Chem . 2000 ; 37 : 245 – 282 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  86. Yasui M. , Zhou J. , Liu L. , Itabe T. , Mizutani K. , co-authors . Vertical profiles of Aeolian dust in a desert atmosphere observed using Lidar in Shapotou, China . J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn . 2005 ; 83A : 149 – 171 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  87. Zender C. S. , Huisheng B. , David N . Mineral Dust Entrainment and Deposition (DEAD) model: description and 1990s dust climatology . J. Geophys. Res. Atmos . 2003b ; 108 : 4416 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  88. Zender C. S. , Newman D. , Torres O . Spatial heterogeneity in Aeolian erodibility: uniform, topographic, geomorphic, and hydrologic hypotheses . J. Geophys. Res. Atmos . 2003a ; 108 : 4543 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  89. Zhao C. , Chen S. , Leung L. R. , Qian Y. , Kok J. F. , co-authors . Uncertainty in modelling dust mass balance and radiative forcing from size parameterization . Atmos. Chem. Phys . 2013 ; 13 : 10733 – 10753 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  90. Zhao C. , Liu X. , Leung L. R. , Johnson B. , McFarlane S. A. , co-authors . The spatial distribution of mineral dust and its shortwave radiative forcing over North Africa: modelling sensitivities to dust emissions and aerosol size treatments . Atmos. Chem. Phys . 2010 ; 10 : 8821 – 8838 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v67.27170 | Journal eISSN: 1600-0889
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English
Page range: 27170 - 27170
Submitted on: Jan 6, 2015
Accepted on: Oct 31, 2015
Published on: Jan 1, 2015
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
regional modeling,
high resolution,
WRF-Chem,
SAL,
boundary layer,
dust load

© 2015 Basit Khan, Georgiy Stenchikov, Bernadett Weinzierl, Stoitchko Kalenderski, Sergey Osipov, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 67 (2015): Issue 1
Previous article
Next article