Modelling of growing season methane fluxes in a high-Arctic wet tundra ecosystem 1997–2010 using in situ and high-resolution satellite data

Methane (CH₄) fluxes 1997–2010 were studied by combining remotely sensed normalised difference water index (NDWI) with in situ CH₄ fluxes from Rylekærene, a high-Arctic wet tundra ecosystem in the Zackenberg valley, north-eastern Greenland. In situ CH₄ fluxes were measured using the closed-chamber technique. Regression models between in situ CH₄ fluxes and environmental variables [soil temperature (T_soil), water table depth (WtD) and active layer (AL) thickness] were established for different temporal and spatial scales. The relationship between in situ WtD and remotely sensed NDWI was also studied. The regression models were combined and evaluated against in situ CH₄ fluxes. The models including NDWI as the input data performed on average slightly better [root mean square error (RMSE) =1.56] than the models without NDWI (RMSE=1.67), and they were better in reproducing CH₄ flux variability. The CH₄ flux model that performed the best included exponential relationships against temporal variation in T _soil and AL, an exponential relationship against spatial variation in WtD and a linear relationship between WtD and remotely sensed NDWI (RMSE=1.50). There were no trends in modelled CH₄ flux budgets between 1997 and 2010. Hence, during this period there were no trends in the soil temperature at 10 cm depth and NDWI.