Unravelling the land source: an investigation of the processes contributing to the oceanic input of DIC and alkalinity

Jenny Hieronymus; Gösta Walin

doi:10.3402/tellusb.v65i0.19683

Unravelling the land source: an investigation of the processes contributing to the oceanic input of DIC and alkalinity

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

Volume 65 (2013): Issue 1

By: Jenny Hieronymus and Gösta Walin

Open Access

|Jan 2013

Figures & Tables

Reservoirs and processes within the marine nitrogen cycle. The arrows represent exchange processes and the numbers are the associated alkalinity effects.

Simplified representation of the marine nitrogen cycle. The ammonium is assumed instantly nitrified. The numbers coupled to the arrows are the alkalinity effect associated with each exchange process.

Simplified representation of the marine nitrogen cycle. The ammonium is assumed to be nitrified as in Fig. 2. Furthermore, the organic nitrogen reservoir is assumed small compared to the nitrate reservoir.

Table 1. Effect of the different processes on DIC and alkalinity. Units of moles for DIC and equivalents for alkalinity

ProcessSpeciesAtmosphereOceanTotalCaCO₃ weathering (per mole Ca²⁺)DIC/CO₂−1+2+1Alk–+2+2Silicate weathering (per mole Ca²⁺ or Mg²⁺)DIC/CO₂−2+20Alk–+2+2Pyrite weathering (per mole S)DIC/CO₂000Alk–−2−2Fossil C weathering (per mole C)DIC/CO₂0/+1+1/0+1Alk–00Aerial

S O_{4}^{2 -}

(per mole S)DIC/CO₂000Alk–−2−2Riverine

N H_{4}^{+}

(per mole N)DIC/CO₂000Alk–−1−1Riverine

N O_{3}^{-}

(per mole N)DIC/CO₂000Alk–+1+1Organic matter erosion (per mole C)DIC/CO₂−1+10Alk–00

Table 2. Riverine fluxes of different ions, Particulate and Dissolved Organic Carbon (POC, DOC) and Total Dissolved Nitrogen (TDN)

SpeciesSize [Tmol yr⁻¹]ReferenceNa+8.38 Meybeck (1979)K+1.23 Meybeck (1979)Ca²⁺12.5 Meybeck (1979)Mg²⁺5.16 Meybeck (1979)

HC O_{3}^{-}

31.9 Meybeck (1979)Cl⁻6.07 Meybeck (1979)

S O_{4}^{2 -}

3.21 Meybeck (1979)SiO₂6.25 Meybeck (1979)

N O_{3}^{-}

0.267 Meybeck (1993b)

N H_{4}^{+}

0.040 Meybeck (1993b)POC11.7 Seitzinger et al. (2010) DOC13.7 Seitzinger et al. (2010) TDN3.03 Mackenzie and Lerman (1993)

Table 3. Riverine fluxes of dissolved species due to different processes. Also included are ocean floor burial of pyrite and organic carbon

ProcessSize [Tmolyr⁻¹]SpeciesReferenceCarbonate weathering12.5/7.5

C a^{2 +} + M g^{2 +}

Berner et al. (1983); Ludwig et al. (1996)Silicate weathering5.9/5.8

C a^{2 +} + M g^{2 +}

Berner et al. (1983); Ludwig et al. (1996)Pyrite weathering0.64SLerman et al. (2007)Pyrite burial1.22S Berner (1982)Org. C burial10.5C Berner (1982)Aerial

S O_{4}^{2 -}

1.1SBerner and Berner (2012)Riverine nitrate0.27N Meybeck (1993b)Riverine

N H_{4}^{+}

0.04N Meybeck (1993b)

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Table 4. Total river fluxes of DIC derived from different processes together with the internal and external components. Also shown are examples of models that include a certain process

Flux derived fromTotal river flux [TmolC yr⁻¹]Internal component [TmolC yr⁻¹]External component [TmolC yr⁻¹] Models that include the fluxCarbonate weathering25.0^a/15.0^b12.5^a/7.50^b12.5^a/7.50^bZeebe (2012); Arvidson et al. (2006); Shaffer et al. (2008); Chuck et al. (2005); Goddéris et al. (2001)Silicate weathering11.8^a/11.6^b11.8^a/11.6^b0Shaffer et al. (2008); Goddéris et al. (2001); Arvidson et al. (2006); Walker and Kasting (1992)Fossil C weathering10.5¹010.5¹Walker and Kasting (1992); Arvidson et al. (2006); Goddéris et al. (2001)Organic matter erosion25.416.7²−8.7³Chuck et al. (2005)

[i] ^aBerner et al. (1983).

[ii] ^bLudwig et al. (1996).

[iii] ¹Weathering of fossil carbon is somewhat arbitrarily assumed equal to organic carbon burial (see Table 3). Note that this carbon can just as well be released directly to the atmosphere (cf. Kump and Arthur, 1999; Walker and Kasting, 1992).

[iv] ²Oxidation of terrigenous TOC.

[v] ³Burial of terrestrial organic carbon in the ocean.

Table 5. Alkalinity fluxes due to different processes together with models that include a certain process

Flux derived fromTotal flux (T eq yr⁻¹)Models that include the fluxCarbonate weathering25.0^a/15.0^bZeebe (2012); Arvidson et al. (2006); Shaffer et al. (2008); Chuck et al. (2005); Goddéris et al. (2001); Walker and Kasting (1992)Silicate weathering11.8^a/11.6^bShaffer et al. (2008); Arvidson et al. (2006); Walker and Kasting (1992); Goddéris et al. (2001)Pyrite weathering−1.28Arvidson et al. (2006); Goddéris et al. (2001)Aerial

S O_{4}^{2 -}

−2.2Doney et al. (2007)Riverine

N O_{3}^{-}

0.27Chuck et al. (2005)Riverine

N H_{4}^{+}

−0.04

[i] ^aBerner et al. (1983).

[ii] ^bLudwig et al. (1996).

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v65i0.19683 | Journal eISSN: 1600-0889

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Language: English

Page range: 19683 - 19683

Submitted on: Sep 6, 2012

Accepted on: Mar 5, 2013

Published on: Jan 1, 2013

Published by: Stockholm University Press

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

dissolved inorganic carbon,

© 2013 Jenny Hieronymus, Gösta Walin, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 65 (2013): Issue 1

Unravelling the land source: an investigation of the processes contributing to the oceanic input of DIC and alkalinity

Figures & Tables

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Fig. 2

Fig. 3

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