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A long-term study of aerosol modulation of atmospheric and surface solar heating over Pune, India Cover

A long-term study of aerosol modulation of atmospheric and surface solar heating over Pune, India

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology
Volume 64 (2012): Issue 1
By:  and    
Open Access
|Jan 2012
Figures & tables

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1. 

Box plots of (a) monthly asymmetry factor and (b) single scattering albedo (440 nm).

Fig. 2. 

Seasonal variation of surface albedo.

Table 1. Percentage change in aerosol direct radiative forcing at the surface (ADRFSUR) and at the top of atmosphere (ADRFTOA) due to uncertainties involved in aerosol optical depth (τ), single scattering albedo (ω), asymmetry factor (g) and surface albedo (a).

τωga ΔADRFSUR 6.1% 5.6% 3.2% 0.7% ΔADRFTOA 14.3% 39.5% 44.6% 19.1%
Fig. 3. 

Calculated global (top) and diffuse (middle) fluxes at the surface plotted versus pyranometer (shaded: diffused or unshaded: global) measurements. The seasonal (post-monsoon, winter, pre-monsoon) average diurnal variation of both measured and calculated fluxes are shown in bottom panel. C and M stands for model calculated and measured, and ‘G’ for global radiation, ‘Diff’ for diffuse radiation.

Fig. 4. 

Clear-sky ADRF over Pune at surface, TOA and atmosphere. Each column is the monthly mean value for 5 yr (2004–2009), and the vertical bars are the corresponding standard deviations.

Fig. 5. 

Temporal variation of monthly mean surface, TOA and atmospheric clear sky short-wave ADRF along with SSA and AOD 440 nm (blue triangle and star respectively) in Pune. The annual average values with standard deviation are written in each box, starting from 2004 to 2009.

Table 2. Comparison of the radiative forcing estimated over Pune with those reported from a few other locations in India and adjoining countries

Cities/Location Surface/ Atmosphere (Wm−2) TOA(Wm−2) Period (comments) Reference Nainital 29.4N, 79.5E −4.2/+4.9 0.7 Winter Pant et al., 2006 Kanpur 26.47N, 80.33E −31.8/+27.7 −4.1 Annual Dey et al., 2008 −33.6/+29.4 −4.2 Winter Hissar 29.17N, 75.7E −21/+18 −3 Winter Ramachandran et al., 2006 Delhi 28.38N, 77.17E −51/+52 +1 Winter Ganguly et al., 2006 −46 to −110/+46 to 115 −1.4 to +21 Annual Singh et al., 2010 Dibrugarh 27.3N, 4.5E −33.7/+32.2 −1.5 June–Sept Pathak et al., 2010 −12.5/+12.6 0.1 Oct–Nov −34.2/+33.2 −1.0 Dec–Feb −37.1/+35.7 −1.4 Mar–May Ahmedabad 23.05N, 72.55E −41/+55.5 +14 Jun–Sep Ganguly and Jayaraman, 2006 −63/+41 −22 Oct–Nov −54/+28 −26 Dec–Mar −41/+49 +8 Apr–May Kharagpur 22.13N, 87.3E −54/50 −4.53 Clear, Dec 2004 Niranjan et al., 2007 −85/76 −9 Hazy Pune 18.32N, 73.51E −33/33 0 Nov–Apr 2000–02 Pandithurai et al., 2004 −37/30.8 −6.3Oct–NovPresent study −36.5/+30 −6Dec–Feb −40/+32.4 −6.8Mar–May Visakhapatnam 17.7N, 83.8E −9.9/+12.3 +2.4 June–Aug Sreekanth et al., 2007 −2.81/+3.5 +0.7 Sept–Oct −35.78/+44.2 +8.4 Nov–Feb −16.8/+20.8 +3.9 Mar–May Hyderabad 17N, 78E −33/+42 9 Jan–May Badarinath and Latha, 2006 Bangalore 13N, 77E −23/+28 5 Oct–Dec Babu et al., 2002 Chennai 13.04N, 80.17E −53/+62 9 Feb–Mar Ramachandran, 2005b Trivandrum 8.55N, 77E −25.7/+23.6 −2.1 June–Sept Babu et al., 2007 −29.0/+26.9 −2.15 Oct–Nov −46.9/+49.8 +2.95 Dec–March −35.8/+35.2 +0.3 to −1.4 April–May Central India multiple stations −15 to −40 Feb Ganguly et al., 2005 South India multiple stations −27.5/+22 −5.5 Feb Jayaraman et al., 2006 Arabian Sea −27/+15 −12 Mar–Apr 2003 Moorthy et al., 2005 −15.8/5.3 −10.5 Mar–Apr 2006 Kedia et al., 2010 Bay of Bengal −27/+23 −4 Mar Satheesh, 2002 −22.39/10.4 −11.98 Mar–Apr 2006 Kedia et al., 2010 Indian Ocean −29/+19 −10 Feb–Mar Satheesh, 2002 Kathmandu 25.22N, 83E −25/+25 0 Winter Ramana et al., 2004 Beijing 39.9N, 116.4E −30/19.3 −10.7 Sept–Nov Xia et al., 2007 −20.3/12.3 −8.0 Dec–Feb −46.1/32.2 −13.9 Mar–May Yinchuan 38.5N, 106.2E −18.0/18.7 0.7 Sept–Nov Liu et al., 2008 −15.1/15.8 0.7 Dec–Feb −22/27.6 5.6 Mar–May China (Nation-wide) −15.7/16.0 0.3 Annual Li et al., 2010 Gosan/Korea 33.3N, 126.2E −20.8/12.6 −8.3 Mar 2005 Takamura et al., 2007 Tainan 23.0N, 120.2E −39.0 Dec–Mar 2003–04 Chou et al., 2006

Table 3. Seasonal mean aerosol radiative forcing at the surface (SUR), top of the atmosphere (TOA), and in the atmosphere (ATM), along with the heating rate over Pune

Seasons SUR TOA ATM Heating rate, K/d Post-monsoon 2004 −32.76 −7.67 25.09 0.70 Post-monsoon 2005 −45.13 −2.67 42.46 1.19 Post-monsoon 2006 −41.62 −5.79 35.83 1.01 Post-monsoon 2008 −28.68 −8.88 19.81 0.56 Winter 2004–05 −32.43 −4.90 27.53 0.77 Winter 2005–06 −40.50 −3.58 36.92 1.04 Winter 2006–07 −41.46 −6.59 34.87 0.98 Winter 2007–08 −31.02 −6.07 24.95 0.70 Winter 2008–09 −33.81 −8.80 25.01 0.70 Pre-monsoon 2005 −38.16 −5.33 32.83 0.92 Pre-monsoon 2006 −39.11 −4.83 34.27 0.96 Pre-monsoon 2007 −56.23 −4.98 51.24 1.44 Pre-monsoon 2008 −32.51 −7.68 24.83 0.70 Pre-monsoon 2009 −35.53 −10.56 24.97 0.70
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v64i0.18420 | Journal eISSN: 1600-0889
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Language: English
Page range: 18420 - 18420
Submitted on: Mar 26, 2012
Published on: Jan 1, 2012
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
aerosol optical properties,
direct radiative effect,
surface albedo,
sun/sky radiometer,
heating rates

© 2012 Sumit Kumar, P. C. S. Devara, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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