Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Sensitivity of radiative forcing to global carbonaceous emissions Cover

Sensitivity of radiative forcing to global carbonaceous emissions

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology
Volume 64 (2012): Issue 1
By: ,   and    
Open Access
|Jan 2012
Figures & tables

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1. 

Annual distributions of BC aerosol burden for year 2000: (a) BCBurden Mean: 3.362×10−1 mg m−2 LMDZ (GEIA); (b) BCBurden Mean: 1.421×10−1 mg m−2 LMDZ (BOND); (c) BCBurden Mean: 3.60902×10−1 mg m−2 Median (AeroCom); (d) BCBurden Mean: 4.46869×10−1 mg m−2 GISS (AeroCom); (e) BCBurden Mean: 5.34016×10−1 mg m−2 GOCART (AeroCom) and (f) BCBurden Mean: 3.40439×10−1 mg m−2 CAM (AeroCom).

Fig. 2. 

Annual distributions of OM aerosol burden: (a) OMBurden Mean: 3.32 mg m−2 LMDZ (GEIA) and (b) OMBurden Mean: 1.03 mg m−2 LMDZ (BOND).

Fig. 3. 

Annual averages of carbonaceous aerosol (BC + OM) burden: (a) (BC + OM)Burden Mean: 3.61 mg m−2 LMDZ (GEIA); (b) (BC + OM)Burden Mean: 0.84 mg m−2 LMDZ (BOND) and (c) NDs of Burden (GEIA and BOND).

Fig. 4. 

Annual distributions of AOD (550 nm) of BC aerosols for year 2000: (a) BC AOD (550 nm) Mean: 3.15967×10−3 LMDZ (GEIA); (b) BC AOD (550 nm) Mean: 1.33626×10−3 LMDZ (BOND); (c) BC AOD (550 nm) Mean:3.6180×10−3 Median (AeroCom); (d) BC AOD Mean: 4.38695×10−3 GISS (AeroCom); (e) BC AOD Mean: 5.36252×10−3 GOCART (AeroCom) and (f) BC AOD Mean: 3.11874×10−3 CAM (AeroCom).

Table 1. Physical and optical properties at (550 nm) of dry aerosol (BC and OM)

Aerosol type Dry density (ρ) (g cm−3) Modal radius (r0) (µm) Geometric SD (σg) Refractive index Mass extinction coefficient (αe) (m2 g−1) Single scattering albedo (ω) Asymmetry factor (g) BC 1.0 0.0118 2.0 1.75–0.45i 9.412 0.21 0.34 OM 1.8 0.0355 2.0 1.53–0.005i 3.159 0.97 0.61
Fig. 5. 

Annual distributions of AOD (550 nm) of OM: (a) OM AOD (550 nm) Mean: 0.023 LMDZ (GEIA); (b) OM AOD (550 nm) Mean: 0.076 LMDZ (BOND) and (c) NDs of AODOM (GEIA and BOND).

Fig. 6. 

Annual distributions of AOD (550 nm) of Carbonaceous (BC + OM) aerosols: (a) AODBC + OM (550 nm) Mean: 0.004 LMDZ (GEIA); (b) AODBC + OM (550 nm) Mean: 0.001 LMDZ (BOND) and (c) NDs of AODBC + OM (GEIA and BOND).

Fig. 7. 

Annual distributions of TOA DRF for BC aerosols: (a) TOA DRF BC Mean: +0.33 W m−2 LMDZ (GEIA); (b) TOA DRF BC Mean: +0.14 W m−2 LMDZ (BOND) and (c) NDs of TOA DRFBC (GEIA and BOND).

Table 2. Comparison of predicted DRF of BC aerosols with other estimates (W m−2)

Reference Emissions Mixing scenario Anthropogenic forcing (W m−2) This work FF and BB External +0.33 (GEIA) +0.14 (BOND) IPCC (2007) (anthropogenic emissions) FF +0.2 (±0.15) BB +0.03 AeroCom models Schulz et al. (2006) FF and BB (AeroCom emissions) +0.25 Chung and Seinfeld (2002) FF and BB (Cooke et al., 1999) External +0.51 Koch (2001) FF and BB (IPCC, 2000; Liousse et al., 1996; Penner et al., 1993) External +0.35 Jacobson (2001) FF and BB (Cooke External +0.27 and Wilson, 1996; Liousse et al., 1996) Internal +0.55 Haywood et al. (1997) FF and BB External +0.40

[i] FF = fossil fuel; BB = biomass burning.

Fig. 8. 

Annual distributions of TOA DRF for OM aerosols: (a) TOA DRF OM Mean: −0.44 W m−2 LMDZ (GEIA); (b) TOA DRF of OM Aerosols = − 0.11 W m−2 (BOND) and (c) NDs TOA DRFOM (GEIA and BOND).

Table 3. Comparison of predicted DRF of OM aerosols with other estimates (W m−2)

References Emissions Mixing scenario Anthropogenic forcing This work FF and BB External −0.44 (GEIA) −0.11 (BOND) Hansen et al. (1998) FF and BB External −0.41 Cooke et al. (1999) FF External −0.02 Jacobson (2001) FF and BB (Cooke External −0.057 and Wilson, 1996; Liousse et al., 1996) Internal −0.04 to − 0.06 AeroCom models Schulz et al. (2006) FF and BB (AeroCom emissions) −0.14 IPCC 2007 (anthropogenic emissions) FF −0.05 (±0.05) BB −0.2 range ~( 0.07 to − 0.6)

[i] FF = fossil fuel; BB = biomass burning.

Fig. 9. 

Annual distributions of TOA DRF of carbonaceous (BC + OM) aerosols: (a) TOA DRF (BC + OM) Mean: −0.014 W m−2 LMDZ (GEIA) and (b) TOA DRF (BC + OM) Mean: +0.118 W m−2 LMDZ (BOND).

Table 4. Comparison of emissions between GEIA and BOND inventories

GEIA Bond et al. (2004) Emissions, BC Tg yr−1 11 5 Emissions, OM Tg yr−1 95 33 Emissions, BC + OM Tg yr−1 106 38 Wet deposition, BC + OM Tg yr−1 77 26 Dry deposition, BC + OM Tg yr−1 29 12 Burden, BC Tg yr−1 0.17 0.07 Burden, OM Tg yr−1 1.66 0.5
Fig. 10. 

Annual distributions of SRF of carbonaceous (BC + OM) aerosols: (a) SRF (BC + OM) Mean: −1.49 W m−2 LMDZ (GEIA); (b) SRF (BC + OM) Mean: −0.51 W m−2 LMDZ (BOND) and (c) NDs SRF (BC + OM) (GEIA and BOND).

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v64i0.17157 | Journal eISSN: 1600-0889
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English
Page range: 17157 - 17157
Submitted on: Jun 10, 2011
Published on: Jan 1, 2012
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
carbonaceous aerosols,
black carbon,
organic matter,
radiative forcing,
emission inventory

© 2012 Hashmi Fatima, H.C. Upadhyaya, Om P. Sharma, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 64 (2012): Issue 1
Previous article
Next article