PV-θ view of the zonal mean state of the atmosphere
References
- Appenzeller
. Holton. Rosenlof. Seasonal variation of mass transport across the tropopause. J. Geophys. Res. 1996; 101( D10): 15071– 15078. 10.3402/tellusa.v64i0.18710. - Black
. Stratospheric forcing of surface climate in the Arctic Oscillation. J. Clim. 2002; 15: 268– 277. - Black
. McDaniel. Diagnostic case studies of the northern annular mode. J. Clim. 2004; 20: 3990– 4004. - Davis
. Emanuel. Piecewise potential vorticity inversion. J. Atmos. Sci. 1992; 49: 1397– 1411. - Dee
, D. P, Uppala, S. M, Simmons, A. J, Berrisford, P, Poli, Pand co-authors. 2011. The ERA-Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 137, 553– 597. 10.3402/tellusa.v64i0.18710. - Derome
. Brunet. Wang. On the potential vorticity balance on an isentropic surface during normal and abnormal winters. Mon. Weather Rev. 2001; 129: 1208– 1220. - Edouard
. Vautard. Brunet. On the maintenance of potential vorticity in isentropic coordinates. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 1997; 123: 2069– 2094. 10.3402/tellusa.v64i0.18710. - Fleming
. Chandra. Barnett. Corney. Zonal mean temperature, pressure, zonal wind, and geopotential height as functions of latitude. Adv. Space Res. 1990; 10( 12): 11– 59. 10.3402/tellusa.v64i0.18710. - Gettelman
, A, Hoor, P, Pan, L. L, Randel, W. J, Hegglin, M. Iand co-authors. 2011. The extratropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Rev. Geophys. 49, RG 3003. DOI: 10.3402/tellusa.v64i0.18710. - Hinssen
, Y, van Delden, A, Opsteegh, Jand de Geus, W. 2010. Stratospheric impact on the troposphere deduced from potential vorticity inversion in relation to the Arctic Oscillation. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 136, 20– 29. See also the corrigendum. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 136, 2203–2204. 10.3402/tellusa.v64i0.18710. - Hinssen
. van Delden. Opsteegh. Influence of sudden stratospheric warmings on the tropospheric winds. Meteorol. Z. 2011a; 20: 259– 266. 10.3402/tellusa.v64i0.18710. - Hinssen
. Bell. Siegmund. Change in the influence of the stratosphere on the troposphere due to CO2 doubling obtained from potential vorticity inversion. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2011b; 11: 4915– 4927. 10.3402/tellusa.v64i0.18710. - Hoerling
. Diabatic sources of potential vorticity in the general circulation. J. Atmos. Sci. 1992; 49: 2282– 2292. - Holton
, J. R. 2004. An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology. 4th ed. Academic Press: San Diego, 535. pp. - Holopainen
. Kaurola. Decomposing the atmospheric flow using potential vorticity framework. J. Atmos. Sci. 1991; 48: 2614– 2625. - Hoskins
. Towards a PV-θ view of the general circulation. Tellus. 1991; 43AB: 27– 35. - Hoskins
. McIntyre. Robertson. On the use and significance of isentropic potential vorticity maps. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 1985; 111: 877– 946. 10.3402/tellusa.v64i0.18710. - Kleinschmidt
. Über Aufbau und enstehung von Zyklonen, I. Meteorol. Rundschau. 1950; 3: 1– 6. - Li
, Jand Wang, J. X. L. 2003. A modified zonal index and its physical sense. Geophys. Res. Lett. 30( 12), 1632. DOI: 10.3402/tellusa.v64i0.18710. - McIntyre
. How well do we understand the dynamics of stratospheric warmings?. J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. 1982; 60: 37– 65. - Robinson
. Analysis of LIMS data by potential vorticity inversion. J. Atmos. Sci. 1988; 45: 2319– 2342. - Røsting
. Kristjánsson. The usefulness of piecewise potential vorticity inversion. J. Atmos. Sci. 2012; 69: 934– 941. 10.3402/tellusa.v64i0.18710. - Satoh
. Relation between the meridional distribution of potential vorticity and the Lagrangian mean circulation in the troposphere. Tellus. 1999; 51A: 833– 853. - Stone
. The atmospheric general circulation: some unresolved issues. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans. 2008; 44: 244– 250. 10.3402/tellusa.v64i0.18710. - Sun
. Lindzen. A PV view of the zonal mean distribution of temperature and wind in the extratropical troposphere. J. Atmos. Sci. 1994; 51: 757– 772. - Thorpe
. Diagnosis of balanced vortex structure using potential vorticity. J. Atmos. Sci. 1985; 42: 397– 406. - Thorpe
. Synoptic scale disturbances with circular symmetry. Mon. Weather Rev. 1986; 114: 1384– 1389. - Wallace
. North Atlantic Oscillation/annular mode: two paradigms – one phenomenon. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 2000; 126: 791– 805. 10.3402/tellusa.v64i0.18710.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v64i0.18710 | Journal eISSN: 3035-9554
Language: English
Page range: 18710 - 18710
Submitted on: May 9, 2012
Published on: Dec 1, 2012
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
© 2012 Aarnout J. van Delden, Yvonne B. L. Hinssen, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.