References
-
Arpe
, K., Hollingsworth, A., Tracton, M. S., Lorenc, A. C., Uppala, S.and Kállberg, P. 1985. The re-sponse of numerical weather prediction systems to FGGE level IIb data—Part II: Forecast verification and implications for predictability. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 111, 67– 101. -
Arpe
, K.and Klinker, E. 1986. Systematic errors of the ECMWF operational forecasting model in mid-lati-tudes. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 112, 181– 202. -
Bengtsson
, L. 1985. Medium-Range Forecasting—The Experience of ECMWF. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 66, 1133– 1146. -
Boer
, G. J. 1984. A spectral analysis of the predictability and error in an operational forecast system. Mon. Weather Rev. 112, 1183– 1197. -
Charney
, J. G., Fleagle, R. G., Riehl, H., Lally, V. E.and Wark, D. Q. 1966. The feasibility of a global observation and analysis experiment. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 47, 200– 220. -
Dalcher
, A., Kalnay, E.and Hoffman, R. N. 1985., October 1985, 130-13 6. -
Hoffman
, R. N.and Kalnay, E. 1983. Lagged average forecasting an alternative to Monte Carlo forecast-ing, Tellus 35A, 100– 118. -
Hoffman
, R. N.and Kalnay, E. 1984. Lagged average forecasting, some operational considerations. Predictability offluid motions, American Inst. of Phys. Conf. Proc., G.and B. J., editors, 106, 141– 147. -
Kalnay
, E.and Dalcher, A. 1985. Error growth in operational ECMWF Forecasts Preprints from the Seventh Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction. Montreal, P. Q., Canada, June 1985, pp. 183– 189. -
Leith
, C. E. 1978. Objective methods for weather prediction, Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. 10, 107– 128. -
Leith
, C. E. 1982. Statistical methods for the verification of long and short range forecast., Problems and Prospects in Long and Medium Range weather Forecasting, 14– 18September, 313– 333. -
Lorenz
, E. N. 1965. A study of the predictability of a 28-variable atmospheric model. Tellus 17, 321– 333. -
Lorenz
, E. N. 1982. Atmospheric Predictability experi-ments with a large numerical model. Tellus 34, 505– 513. -
Savijärvi
, H. 1984. Spectral properties of analyzed and forecast global 500 mb fields. J. Atmos. Sci. 41, 1745– 1754. -
Shukla
, J. 1981. Dynamical predictability of monthly means. J. Atmos. Sci. 38, 2547– 2572. -
Smagorinsky
, J. 1969. Problems and promises of deterministic extended range forecasting. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 50, 286– 311. -
Wallace
, J. M., Tibaldi, S.& Simmons, A. J. 1983. Reduction of systematic forecast errors in the ECMWF model through the introduction of an enve-lope orography. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 109, 683– 717.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v39i5.11774 | Journal eISSN: 3035-9554
Language: English
Page range: 474 - 491
Submitted on: Feb 21, 1986
Accepted on: Dec 29, 1986
Published on: Jan 1, 1987
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
© 1987 Amnon Dalcher, Eugenia Kalnay, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.