Table 1
Educational level of individuals (25–64 years old) born in Iran compared to those born in and outside Sweden (%).
| EDUCATION | PRIMARY | UPPER-SECONDARY | TERTIARY < 3 YEARS | TERTIARY > 3 YEARS | MISSING DATA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Born in Sweden | 9 | 47 | 16 | 28 | 0 |
| All foreign-born | 20 | 35 | 16 | 29 | 8 |
| Born in Iran | 10 | 37 | 17 | 36 | 2 |
[i] Source: SCB (2019b) Educational attainment of the population.
Table 2
Percentage of high-ranking positions, Swedish and immigrant background.
| % TOTAL POP’N | POLITICS | HIGH INCOME | ACADEMICS | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | NO. | % | NO. | % | NO. | % | |
| Sweden1 | 76.1 | 12,546 | 90.3 | 135,122 | 89.7 | 12,572 | 80.4 |
| Nordic countries | 3.7 | 417 | 3.0 | 11,948 | 3.2 | 539 | 3.4 |
| W. Europe + N. America | 2.4 | 149 | 1.1 | 3,087 | 2.1 | 861 | 5.6 |
| Other European | 5.7 | 277 | 2.0 | 3,364 | 2.2 | 657 | 4.3 |
| Asian | 8.6 | 359 | 2.6 | 3,161 | 2.0 | 691 | 4.4 |
| Africa | 2.3 | 76 | 0.6 | 392 | 0.3 | 141 | 0.9 |
| South America | 1.2 | 64 | 0.4 | 601 | 0.4 | 155 | 1.0 |
| Total | 13,888 | 150,675 | 15,616 | ||||
[i] Sources: Statistics Sweden’s register of elected, RTB and STATIV (2014) and Statistics Sweden’s LISA database (2012).
1 Born in Sweden with at least one Swedish-born parent (other groups consist of foreign-born (first generation) or Sweden-born with two foreign-born parents (second generation) from each region).
Table 3
Percentage of those with a Finnish or Iranian background in the high-ranking positions.
| RATE IN TOTAL POPULATION | POLITICS | HIGH INCOME | ACADEMICS | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| Sweden | 76.1 | 12,546 | 90.3 | 135,122 | 89.7 | 12,572 | 80.4 |
| Finland | 2.6 | 167 | 1.5 | 2,315 | 1.6 | 96 | 0.8 |
| Iran | 0.6 | 69 | 0.5 | 1,010 | 0.6 | 168 | 1.4 |
[i] Sources: Statistics Sweden’s register of elected, RTB and STATIV (2014) and Statistics Sweden’s LISA database (2012).
Table 4
Characteristics of the interviewees.
| GENDER (MEN %) | AGE (MEAN) | EDUCATION (PHD) % | LENGTH OF RESIDENCE (30 + YEARS) % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Academics (20) | 45 | 51 | 100 | 90 |
| Entrepreneurs (20) | 70 | 43 | 10 | 100 |
| Politicians (10) | 40 | 36 | 0 | 100 |
Table A1
Determinants of being in a high-income group, OLS regression, partial (and standardised) coefficients.1
| Sector (ref: public sector) | B | BETA |
|---|---|---|
| Private | .174** | .178 |
| Other | .107** | .089 |
| Education parents | .005** | .023 |
| Job status parents | .003** | .026 |
| Siblings among high-income earners | .053** | .047 |
| Sum of capital gain | 1.087E-005** | .376 |
| R2 adj. | .209 |
[i] Notes: 1 Results are controlled for individuals’ age, gender, education, migration background, age at migration and citizenship (when applicable); ** denotes significance at 1%, * at 5%.
Table A2
Determinants of academics’ salary (LN early work income), OLS regression, unstandardised (and standardised) coefficients, N = 15,020.
| BETA | ||
|---|---|---|
| Age | .01** | .105 |
| Years after PhD | .02** | .185 |
| Gender (male) | .08** | .038 |
| Immigrant background (ref: Sweden) | ||
| Nordic countries | .010 | .001 |
| Western Europe/North America | –.073 | –.012 |
| Eastern Europe | –.22** | –.037 |
| Asia | –.26** | –.030 |
| Iran | –.20** | –.019 |
| China | –.17* | –.018 |
| South America | –.22** | –.019 |
| Africa | –.30** | –.024 |
| North_2 | –.078 | –.008 |
| West_2 | –.168 | –.008 |
| East_2 | –.022 | –.002 |
| PhD in Sweden | .04 | .008 |
| Citizen | .16** | .036 |
| More than 10 years in Sweden | .13** | .031 |
| R2 Adj. | .096 |
[i] Note: ** denotes significance at 1%, * at 5%.