Table I
Primer sequences used in this study.
| GenE | Primer | Sequence (5’→3’) | Expected amplicon size (bp) |
|---|---|---|---|
| VIM | VIM-F | GATGGTGTTTGGTCGCATA | 390 |
| VIM-R | CGAATGCGCAGCACCAG | ||
| NDM | NDM-F | GCA GCT TGT CGG CCA TGC GGG C | 782 |
| NDM-R | GGT CGC GAA GCT GAG CAC CGC | ||
| KPC | KPC-F | TGT CAC TGT ATC GCC GTC | 900 |
| KPC-R | CTC AGT GCT CTA CAG AAA ACC | ||
| IMP | IMP-F | GGAATAGAGTGCTTAAYTCC | 232 |
| IMP-R | GGTTTAAYAACAAACACACC | ||
| OXA-48 | OXA-48-F | GCGTGGTTAAGGATGAACAC | 438 |
| OXA-48-R | CATCAAGTTCAACCCAACCG | ||
| mecC | mecC-F | GAAAAAAAGGCTTAGAACGCCTC | 138 |
| mecC-R | GAAGATCTTTTCCGTTTTCAGC | ||
| mecA | mecA-F | GTAGAAATGACTGAACGTCCGATAA | 310 |
| mecA-R | CCA ATT CCA CAT TGT TTC GGT CTA A |
Table II
Comparison of polymicrobial microorganisms detected by the BioFire® FilmArray BCID2 Panel and conventional blood culture results.
| Sample No. | BCID2 Results | Blood culture result | Clinical interpretation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1, 2, 3, 14 | Staphylococcus epidermidis + Acinetobacter calcoaceticus/baumannii complex | Acinetobacter baumannii | Possible CoNS contamination |
| 4, 5 | Klebsiella pneumoniae group + Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Klebsiella pneumoniae or Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Predominant organism in culture |
| 6, 7, 10, 13, 15, 18 | Klebsiella pneumoniae group + Enterococcus faecalis + Staphylococcus spp. | Klebsiella pneumoniae | Possible polymicrobial BSI |
| 8, 12, 16 | Eschrichia coli + Klebsiella pneumoniae group + Enterococcus faecalis + Streptococcus spp. | No growth | Fastidious organisms / PCR sensitivity |
| 9 | Enterococcus faecalis + Proteus spp. | Enterococcus faecalis + Proteus mirabilis | Complete concordance |
| 11, 17 | Staphylococcus spp. + Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Possible CoNS contamination |
| 19 | Enterococcus faecalis + Staphylococcus spp. | Enterococcus faecalis | Predominant organism in culture |
| 20 | Eschrichia coli + Klebsiella pneumoniae group | Escherichia coli | Predominant organism in culture |
Table III
Comparison of BCID2 and blood culture results with concordance and diagnostic performance measures.
| Microorganism | BCID2-positive samples (n) | Growth in blood culture (n) | Concordance rate (%) | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) | PPV (%) | NPV (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter calcoaceticus/baumannii complex | 14 | 9 | 64 | 100 | 87.8 | 64.3 | 100 |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 13 | 11 | 85 | 100 | 94.9 | 84.6 | 100 |
| Staphylococus epidermidis | 11 | 1 | 9 | 100 | 79.6 | 9.1 | 100 |
| Escherichia coli | 5 | 5 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Enterococcus faecalis | 5 | 1 | 20 | 100 | 91.8 | 20 | 100 |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 4 | 4 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
1 Note: The concordance rate was calculated as follows: (BCID2-positive and culture-positive cases / total BCID2-positive cases) × 100. Diagnostic performance metrics, including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV), were determined using conventional blood culture as the reference standard. These results should be interpreted with caution, taking into account the inherent limitations of culture-based methods and the potential for clinical contamination.