Fig. 1.
Differential distribution of microbial communities in each kind of cancer. (A) The distribution of microbial communities among head and neck cancer (HNSC), esophageal cancer (ESCA), stomach cancer (STAD), colon cancer (COAD), and rectal cancer (READ) using the UpSetR package in R3.6.1, which compares the elements within each set. (B) Comparison of Proteobacteria distribution in COAD, ESCA, and STAD. CTRL: control. * P < 0.05, *** P < 0.005, vs. control.
Fig. 2.
Comparison of differential distribution of bacterial communities between head and neck tumors (tumor type 1) and gastrointestinal tumors (tumor type 2). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.005, vs. tumor type 1.
Fig. 3.
Screening of the optimal bacterial communities. (A) A total of 18 kinds of differentially distributed microbial communities associated with survival performance using univariate logistic regression analysis. (B) The screening parameter diagram of the recursive feature elimination (RFE) algorithm. (C) The screening parameter diagram of the LASSO algorithm.
Fig. 4.
Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves based on the optimal eight bacterial communities in head and neck tumors and gastrointestinal tumors in the training and validation datasets.
Fig. 5.
The nomogram model proposed based on the eight optimal microbial communities. (A) A nomogram model and the corrected polyline of the proposed nomogram model in the training dataset. (B) A nomogram model and the corrected polyline of the proposed nomogram model in the validation dataset.
Table I
Comparison of clinical factors in different types of tumor groups.
| Characteristics total cases | Cancer type | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Type 1 (HNSC) | Type 2 (COAD+ESCA+READ+STAD) | ||
| Age (years) | |||
| ≤ 60 | 82 | 97 | 6.15E-05 |
| > 60 | 71 | 193 | |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 112 | 170 | 1.66E-04 |
| Female | 41 | 120 | |
| Pathologic M | |||
| M0 | 151 | 239 | 1.66E-04 |
| M1 | 1 | 30 | |
| Pathologic N | |||
| N0 | 71 | 150 | 9.20E-06 |
| N1 | 26 | 78 | |
| N2 | 50 | 38 | |
| N3 | 3 | 14 | |
| Pathologic T | |||
| T1 | 7 | 12 | 8.48E-10 |
| T2 | 54 | 76 | |
| T3 | 40 | 159 | |
| T4 | 51 | 34 | |
| Pathologic stage | |||
| Stage I | 4 | 54 | 2.20E-16 |
| Stage II | 33 | 109 | |
| Stage III | 31 | 75 | |
| Stage IV | 84 | 35 | |
| Vital status | |||
| Dead | 62 | 80 | 1.64E-02 |
| Alive | 91 | 199 | |
Fig. 6.
Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves of the microbial communities with different levels in tumors. (A) The KM curves of high- and low-Capnocytophaga levels. (B) The KM curves of high- and low-Lachnospiraceae levels. (C) The KM curves of high- and low-Bacteroidales levels.