Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Baseline data characteristics of patients with severe pneumonia complicated with bloodstream infection_
| Patient characteristics | All patients (n = 30) |
|---|---|
| Age, years | 66.5±15.1 |
| Gender, n (%) | |
| Male | 21 (70%) |
| Female | 9 (30%) |
| Comorbidity | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 17 (56.7%) |
| Heart disease, n (%) | 1 (3.3%) |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 5 (16.7%) |
| Cerebral infarction, n (%) | 5 (16.7%) |
| Solid tumors, n (%) | 2 (6.67%) |
| Alcoholic hepatitis, n (%) | 2 (6.67%) |
| Smoking, n (%) | 6 (20%) |
| APACHE II score | 26.2±6.76 |
| SOFA score | 10.47±4.65 |
| Ventilator use time (days) | 12.17±17.32 |
| ICU time (days) | 18.27±20.1 |
| Prior hormones/immunosuppressants exposure, n (%) | 1 (3.3%) |
A comparative detection of pathogens by mNGS from BALF and blood samples in patients with severe pneumonia complicated with bloodstream infection_
| Pathogenic species | BALF-mNGS | Blood-mNGS | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pathogens | 30 | 28 | 0.492 |
| Bacteria | 28 | 19 | 0.005 |
| Gram-positive bacteria | 10 | 6 | |
| Corynebacterium striatum | 4 | 0 | |
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | 1 | 0 | |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 3 | 2 | |
| Streptococcus miller | 1 | 0 | |
| Streptococcus anginosus | 1 | 0 | |
| Streptococcus constellatus | 2 | 1 | |
| Parvimonas micra | 1 | 0 | |
| Enterococcus faecium | 1 | 1 | |
| Staphylococcus warneri | 0 | 1 | |
| Staphylococcus epidermidis | 0 | 1 | |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 3 | 1 | |
| Gram-negative bacteria | 26 | 16 | |
| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | 8 | 1 | |
| Prevotella loescheii | 1 | 0 | |
| Prevotella intermedia | 1 | 0 | |
| Fusobacterium nucleatum | 1 | 0 | |
| Veillonella parvula | 1 | 0 | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 19 | 12 | |
| Escherichia coli | 5 | 2 | |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 4 | 2 | |
| Enterobacter cloacae complex | 3 | 0 | |
| Haemophilus influenzae | 2 | 0 | |
| Moraxella catarrhalis | 2 | 0 | |
| Acinetobacter baumannii | 11 | 2 | |
| Elizabethkingia anophelis | 2 | 0 | |
| Klebsiella quasipneumoniae | 1 | 0 | |
| Helicobacter pylori | 0 | 1 | |
| Burkholderia multivorans | 1 | 0 | |
| Mycoplasma, chlamydia, or Chlamydophila | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex | 1 | 0 | |
| Fungus | 11 | 4 | 0.037 |
| Candida tropicalis | 0 | 1 | |
| Candida albicans | 2 | 0 | |
| Aspergillus fumigatus | 7 | 3 | |
| Talaromyces marneffei | 1 | 0 | |
| Pneumocystis jirovecii | 1 | 0 | |
| Rhizomucor pusillus | 1 | 1 | |
| Candida glabrata | 0 | 0 | |
| Candida tropicalis | 0 | 0 | |
| Virus | 12 | 18 | 0.121 |
| Human herpesvirus 5 | 2 | 5 | |
| Human herpesvirus 1 | 2 | 0 | |
| Herpes simplex virus 1 | 3 | 4 | |
| Epstein-Barr virus | 0 | 8 | |
| CytoMegalo Virus | 6 | 8 | |
| Hepatitis B virus | 0 | 1 | |
| Human herpes virus-4 | 0 | 2 | |
| Human mastadenovirus C | 1 | 1 | |
| Human herpes virus-6B | 1 | 0 |
A comparative detection of pathogens by mNGS and traditional microbial examination from BALF and blood samples_
| Pathogen | BALF-mNGS | Blood-mNGS | BALF-traditional | Blood-traditional |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All cases | 30 (100%) | 28 (93.3%) | 21 (70%) | 3 (10%) |
| Bacterial | 28 (93.3%) | 19 (63.3%) | 19 (63.3%) | 3 (10%) |
| Fungi | 11 (36.67%) | 4 (13.3%) | 4 (13.3%) | 0 (0%) |
| Virus | 12 (40%) | 18 (60%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |