Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Percentage of biomass for the test groups and controls against Streptococcus mutans and also the combination of S_ mutans and Lactobacillus casei_
| Strain | Streptococcus mutants | Streptococcus mutants + Lactobacillus casei | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cements incorporated with ZnO nanoparticles | Control – No. ZnO nanoparticles | Cements incorporated with ZnO nanoparticles | Control – No. ZnO nanoparticles | |
| 1 | 57.34 | 100% | 40.5 | 100% |
| 2 | 43.22 | 100% | 41.54 | 100% |
| 3 | 34.21 | 100% | 37.45 | 100% |
| 4 | 42.11 | 100% | 32.76 | 100% |
| 5 | 43.55 | 100% | 35.376 | 100% |
| 6 | 43.11 | 100% | 30.89 | 100% |
| 7 | 34.24 | 100% | 36.84 | 100% |
| 8 | 32.77 | 100% | 32.54 | 100% |
| 9 | 30.4 | 100% | 29.32 | 100% |
| 10 | 32.33 | 100% | 25.38 | 100% |
| Average | 39.2 | 100% | 64.22 | 100% |
| SD | 6.89 | 0 | 5.05 | 0 |
Physicochemical properties of the OPC_
| Chemical properties | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Material | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | CaO | MgO |
| Cement | 20.92 | 5.12 | 3.9 | 51.14 | 6.11 |
| Material | SO3 | Na2O | K2O | Loss on ignition | |
| Cement | 2.93 | 0.22 | 0.92 | 3.21 | |
Split tensile strength of cement containing different concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles_
| Sample No. | conc.ZnO T | Split tensile strength MPa | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7 days | 14 days | 21 days | 28 days | ||
| Control | 0 | 3.9 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.3 |
| S1 | 0.05 | 5.1 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.11 |
| S2 | 0.15 | 5.41 | 5.25 | 5.19 | 5.04 |
| S3 | 0.25 | 6.47 | 6.15 | 5.96 | 5.29 |
| S4 | 0.5 | 6.87 | 6.28 | 6.17 | 6.04 |
| S5 | 1 | 6.3 | 6.11 | 5.38 | 5.11 |
Flexural tensile strength with and without ZnO particles_
| Sample No. | conc.ZnO particles | Flexural tensile strength | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7 days | 14 days | 21 days | 28 days | ||
| Control | 0 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.13 | 2.1 |
| S1 | 0.05 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.34 | 2.31 |
| S2 | 0.15 | 2.7 | 2.54 | 2.22 | 2.1 |
| S3 | 0.25 | 2.88 | 2.44 | 2.1 | 2.1 |
| S4 | 0.5 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 2.99 | 2.45 |
| S5 | 1 | 3 | 3.1 | 2.23 | 2.11 |