Table I
Physicochemical properties of the OPC.
| Chemical properties | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Material | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | CaO | MgO |
| Cement | 20.92 | 5.12 | 3.9 | 51.14 | 6.11 |
| Material | SO3 | Na2O | K2O | Loss on ignition | |
| Cement | 2.93 | 0.22 | 0.92 | 3.21 | |
Table II
Flexural tensile strength with and without ZnO particles.
| Sample No. | conc.ZnO particles | Flexural tensile strength | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7 days | 14 days | 21 days | 28 days | ||
| Control | 0 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.13 | 2.1 |
| S1 | 0.05 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.34 | 2.31 |
| S2 | 0.15 | 2.7 | 2.54 | 2.22 | 2.1 |
| S3 | 0.25 | 2.88 | 2.44 | 2.1 | 2.1 |
| S4 | 0.5 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 2.99 | 2.45 |
| S5 | 1 | 3 | 3.1 | 2.23 | 2.11 |
Table III
Split tensile strength of cement containing different concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles.
| Sample No. | conc.ZnO T | Split tensile strength MPa | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7 days | 14 days | 21 days | 28 days | ||
| Control | 0 | 3.9 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.3 |
| S1 | 0.05 | 5.1 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.11 |
| S2 | 0.15 | 5.41 | 5.25 | 5.19 | 5.04 |
| S3 | 0.25 | 6.47 | 6.15 | 5.96 | 5.29 |
| S4 | 0.5 | 6.87 | 6.28 | 6.17 | 6.04 |
| S5 | 1 | 6.3 | 6.11 | 5.38 | 5.11 |
Fig. 1.
Initial setting time for the sample with and without ZnO particles.
Fig. 2.
Final setting time for the sample with and without ZnO particles.
Fig. 3.
Percentage of bacterial biomass for the test, i.e., cement with ZnO nanoparticles and control samples with no application of ZnO nanoparticles, with the use of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei strains.
Table IV
Percentage of biomass for the test groups and controls against Streptococcus mutans and also the combination of S. mutans and Lactobacillus casei.
| Strain | Streptococcus mutants | Streptococcus mutants + Lactobacillus casei | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cements incorporated with ZnO nanoparticles | Control – No. ZnO nanoparticles | Cements incorporated with ZnO nanoparticles | Control – No. ZnO nanoparticles | |
| 1 | 57.34 | 100% | 40.5 | 100% |
| 2 | 43.22 | 100% | 41.54 | 100% |
| 3 | 34.21 | 100% | 37.45 | 100% |
| 4 | 42.11 | 100% | 32.76 | 100% |
| 5 | 43.55 | 100% | 35.376 | 100% |
| 6 | 43.11 | 100% | 30.89 | 100% |
| 7 | 34.24 | 100% | 36.84 | 100% |
| 8 | 32.77 | 100% | 32.54 | 100% |
| 9 | 30.4 | 100% | 29.32 | 100% |
| 10 | 32.33 | 100% | 25.38 | 100% |
| Average | 39.2 | 100% | 64.22 | 100% |
| SD | 6.89 | 0 | 5.05 | 0 |